Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Engaging Sleeplessness In Seattle At Clinical Site 1, Benjamin D. Masters, Luis Moreno Nunez, Ally Jo Veenhuizen, Kiana Rendorio

Nursing Leadership in Community Engagement Projects

Introduction

The National Library of Medicine notes an emerging area of research interest is the relationship between substance abuse and sleep (Mahfoud et al., 2009). According to the same 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, “7.6 percent of Americans older than 12 years met the criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence” and goes on to highlight the mundanity of sleep disorder. Additionally, the 2008 National Sleep Foundation’s “Sleep in American” poll demonstrated “addicts in recovery are 5 to 10 times more likely to experience sleep disorders.” (Moufoud et al., 2009). Clinical Site 1 is an agency in Downtown …

Substance Use Among Nurses As A Result Of Covid-19, And The Impact Of Rehabilitative Programs On Nurses, Gerome Macaspac

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background: The incidence of substance use among nurses has been a persistent issue for decades. The effects associated with substance misuse depend on what is used, the amount, how often, and how they are taken. Regardless of the substance used, any nurse who enters the workplace using substances puts the lives of others at risk. Due to the widespread effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a risk that the number of nurses resorting to the use of substances may have increased. Therefore, an investigation into drug use among nurses during the pandemic is particularly important.

Objective: To explore the …

Pharmacists Role In Preventing Drug Abuse, Renae L. Wilson

College of Pharmacy Student Research

In 2019, there were approximately 332,000 pharmacists active in the US workforce, Data USA, 2019. A survey of 1,700 American adults, discovered, that 34% of Americans still rely on healthcare providers such as pharmacists, for information in relation their health, KRC Research, 2018. Pharmacists are one of the three most trusted health care professions and were found to be the second most trusted source for health information by Americans in 2005. Blendon et al., 2006 found, that information from pharmacist was trusted by 67%, of participants in their survey. One of the oaths pledged by pharmacist is, ‘ …

How Prison Systems Can Better Aid People With Substance Use Disorders, Avery Faires

College Honors Program

A large percentage of prisoners in the United States are suffering from a Substance Use Disorder (SUD), but many prisons across the country lack the proper resources to rehabilitate those with drug addictions. Incarcerated people with SUD face many dangerous and sometimes deadly consequences after release. My thesis addresses key associated questions: What role do prisons play in helping prisoners with SUD? And, how can they aid this population more effectively? When considering the breadth of such issues, I examine the sociohistorical context of drug policy in the U.S. to inform my analysis of the criminalization of substances, the greater …

Crossroads Of Drug Abuse And Hiv Infection: Neurotoxicity And Cns Reservoir, Shilpa Sonti, Kratika Tyagi, Amit Pande, René Daniel, Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar Sharma, Mudit Tyagi

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

Drug abuse is a common comorbidity in people infected with HIV. HIV-infected individuals who abuse drugs are a key population who frequently experience suboptimal outcomes along the HIV continuum of care. A modest proportion of HIV-infected individuals develop HIV-associated neurocognitive issues, the severity of which further increases with drug abuse. Moreover, the tendency of the virus to go into latency in certain cellular reservoirs again complicates the elimination of HIV and HIV-associated illnesses. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) successfully decreased the overall viral load in infected people, yet it does not effectively eliminate the virus from all latent reservoirs. Although ART increased …

Expanding Knowledge On Occupations, One Harmful Occupation At A Time, Taylor Dingus

OCCUPATION: A Medium of Inquiry about Health through Occupation

Humans are both natural doers and occupational beings, but in order to consider them as such, one must understand all occupational choices, the meanings and human behavior behind the choices, and the environment in which the choices take place (Helbig & McKay, 2003). Considering self-harm, substance abuse, and addiction as occupations advances this understanding of humans as occupational in nature who are molded by their occupational choices and factors surrounding them (Wasmuth, Brandon-Friedman, & Olesek, 2016). This study aimed to gain an understanding of the occupational nature of humans that engage in occupations defined as harmful by society in order …

The Comorbidity Of Drug And Alcohol Consumption In Relation To Mental Health Disorders, Sydney Dawson

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The constantly increasing use of drugs and alcohol in young adults has created great controversy in the medical community on the long-term effects of these substances. The average brain development of adolescence and young adults is not complete until the age of 25, though drug and alcohol intake occur across the United States at younger ages each year. Impulsive behavior and underdeveloped neural pathways create a strong pull for addiction formulations and the development of severe mental-health problems. This paper reviews the positive and negative effects of illicit drugs and alcohol intake and their comorbidity with mental health disorders. There …

Association Of Electronic Prescription In Controlled Substances Used, Archana Suwal, Jemima Akinyi Okonjo

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: Controlled substances have been described as pharmaceuticals or illegal medicines that act primarily on the central nervous system and could cause physical and mental dependence, eventually leading to addiction. Prescription opioids were a significant contributor to the opioid epidemic, accounting for more than 70,000 opioid-related overdose deaths, including illicit and prescription opioids, between 2018 and 2019. The Electronic Prescriptions for Controlled Substances (EPCS) initiative recently aimed to reduce rates of prescription opioid addiction, abuse, diversion, and death. The system for controlled substances had become more widely used as providers and governments trying to combat the opioid problem. Because …

Hiv-1 Tat And Morphine Differentially Disrupt Pyramidal Cell Structure And Function And Spatial Learning In Hippocampal Area Ca1: Continuous Versus Interrupted Morphine Exposure, William D. Marks, Jason J. Paris, Aaron J. Barbour, Jean Moon

Faculty and Student Publications

About half the people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have neurocognitive deficits that often include memory impairment and hippocampal deficits, which can be exacerbated by opioid abuse. To explore the effects of opioids and HIV on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron structure and function, we induced HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) expression in transgenic mice for 14 d and co-administered time-release morphine or vehicle subcutaneous implants during the final 5 d (days 9–14) to establish steady-state morphine levels. Morphine was withheld from some ex vivo slices during recordings to begin to assess the initial pharmacokinetic consequences of opioid withdrawal. Tat …

Modified Quechers In Blood Sample Preparation For Drug Abuse Determination By Lc-Ms/Ms, Bundhita Boonchaleaw, Nat Tansrisawad, Udomsak Hoonwijit

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) becomes a common technique in the routine forensic toxicological analysis because of its accurate result. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) are the sample preparation methods having disadvantages from time-consuming and using a high quantity of harmful substances. Therefore, modified QuEChERS has been developed for routine toxicological laboratory for simpler sample preparation that could save time and decrease the use of toxic solvent for routine laboratory.Objective: To validate the modified QuEChERS technique for the blood sample preparation and to determine drug abuse in the blood sample using LC-MS/MS.Methods: Amphetamine, methadone, midazolam, morphine and …

A Collaborative Intervention To Combat The Misuse Of Prescription Drugs In Adolescents In Appalachia, Tammy Minor, Sandra Prunty

Nursing Faculty Research

The study purpose was to determine if a collaborative educational program would increase the knowledge of prescription drug abuse/misuse in adolescents. This quasi-experimental study consisted of a drug prevention program with a pre and post-test survey for knowledge. The convenience sample included 1,067 middle school/high schools in an Appalachian state. Utilizing a paired t-test, it was determined that the difference between pre and post-test answers was significant with a p-value of 0.006 (95% CI: 7.8%-37.1%) for increase in knowledge. When schools were analyzed separately, all schools experienced a significant increase in knowledge as indicated by the corresponding p-values p<0.05. A collaborative educational program can be an effective way to increase knowledge about prescription drug abuse/misuse in adolescents in Appalachia.

Listening To Voices In Appalachia: Gathering Wisdom From The Field About Substance-Abuse Recovery Ecosystems, Bruce Behringer

Journal of Appalachian Health

New qualitative data collected through six regional community-based listening sessions and community meetings are presented that describe elements of the Appalachian Regional Commission’s Recovery Ecosystem Model. These data informed the Model, which was used in formulating the new ARC Recovery-to-Work initiative. Input was intentionally solicited from multiple sectors, including persons recovering from substance abuse disorder, treatment and recovery service providers, workforce development agencies, employers, and community advocacy groups.

Responding To Appalachian Voices: Steps In Developing Substance-Use Recovery Ecosystems, Bruce Behringer

Journal of Appalachian Health

A description is presented of the four-step process used by the Appalachian Regional Commission to develop a new Recovery to Work initiative. The Commission identified, defined, and described issues facing individuals who complete substance abuse disorder treatment and who seek reentry into the workforce. Key elements were identified for resources and supports to develop and maintain community-based substance abuse recovery ecosystems. The steps included conceptualization, data collection, analysis, and review to formulate recommendations for program and policy development. The full process of development was accomplished in twelve months.

Hiv/Hcv Screening Protocols In The Emergency Department., Adrianne Warren Johnson

Doctor of Nursing Practice Papers

Background: The United States is experiencing an epidemic of opioid drug use that has increased the number of people who inject drugs (PWID). This has resulted in an increase in the risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among this population. Although injection drug use has surpassed sexual transmission as the leading risk factor for HIV, PWID have the least access to HIV prevention, testing, treatment, and healthcare. Current guidelines recommend testing individuals from high-risk populations for HIV/HCV every six months. Offering routine, opt-out, targeted, bundled HIV/HCV testing in an emergency …

Assessing The Health And Financial Burden Of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Among All Payer Inpatient Pediatric Discharges In Nevada, Kavita Batra

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a postnatal withdrawal syndrome among neonates born to drug-dependent mothers. NAS poses a significant health and fiscal challenge nationally, with its incidence increasing by a factor of six (1.20 to 6.7 per 1,000 hospital births/year) along with the concomitant rise in health care cost from 2000-2016. Besides national data, it is critical to quantify NAS at the state-level to identify the target areas for prevention. Given the higher opioid prescribing rates among pregnant women in Nevada, it is critical to assess the health and financial magnitude of NAS in the state. The objectives of this …

Mhpaea & Marble Cake: Parity & The Forgotten Frame Of Federalism, Taleed El-Sabawi

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

No abstract provided.

State Regulatory Responses To The Prescription Opioid Crisis: Too Much To Bear?, Lars Noah

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

In order to prevent further overuse of prescription opioids, states have adopted a variety of strategies. This article summarizes the growing use of prescription drug monitoring programs, crackdowns on “pill mills,” prohibitions on the use of particularly hazardous opioids, limitations on the duration and dosage of prescribed opioids, excise taxes, physician education and patient disclosure requirements, public awareness campaigns, and drug take-back programs. Although occasionally challenged on constitutional grounds, including claims of federal preemption under the Supremacy Clause, discrimination against out-of-state businesses under the dormant Commerce Clause doctrine, and interference with rights of commercial free speech, this article evaluates the …

The Opioid Litigation: The Fda Is Mia, Catherine M. Sharkey

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

It is readily agreed that federal preemption of state tort law alters the balance between federal and state power. Federal preemption is a high-profile defense in almost all modern products liability cases. It is thus surprising to see how little attention has been given to federal preemption by courts and commentators in the opioid litigation. Opioid litigation provides a lens through which I explore the role of state and federal courts and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in striking the right balance of power. My purpose here is not to resolve the divide among the few courts that have …

Reflections On The Effects Of Federalism On Opioid Policy, Matthew B. Lawrence

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

No abstract provided.

Implementing A Police Assisted Addiction Recovery Initiative In Rural New York : How Police-Provided Transportation May Reduce Barriers To Treatment Uptake, Emily Mae Bruce

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Background:

Patient Satisfaction With Substance Use Disorder Rehabilitation Services, Trupti Dhumal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: Patient satisfaction is considered as an important indicator in the evaluation of healthcare quality across an array of treatments and services. It is deemed vital especially in the field of substance use disorder (SUD) research due to an increased emphasis on understanding patients’ perceptions regarding their treatment and the attributes that drive their progress towards recovery. Despite the potential value, gaps have been recognized in the exploration of these satisfaction-related assessments among patients undergoing SUD treatment in residential rehabilitative settings. Thus, there is a need for understanding the dimensions contributing to satisfaction which would facilitate the development of …

Individual Level Factors Associated With Hiv Care Continuum Metrics Among Mash Cohort Participants From 2009-2014, Kristopher Myers

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation assessed the following: 1) the individual-level factors’ individual, syndemic, and interactive associations with retention in HIV care; 2) the individual-level factors’ individual, syndemic, and interactive associations with adherence among retained persons; and 3) the individual-level factors’ individual, syndemic, and interactive associations with viral suppression among retained persons. In the first study, Non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity was associated with improved retention (OR=2.44, 95%CI: 1.06–5.75, p≤0.05). “Black-Hispanic” and “Other” racial/ethnic identities were associated with increased retention among participants (OR=4.84, 95%CI: 1.16–25.79, p≤0.05 and OR=7.24, 95%CI: 1.54–54.05p≤0.05, respectively). The interaction between depressive symptoms and alcohol use disorder was significantly and negatively associated …

Co-Prescription Network Reveals Social Dynamics Of Opioid Doctor Shopping, Brea L. Perry, Kai Cheng Yang, Patrick Kaminski, Meltem Odabas, Jaehyuk Park, Michelle M. Martel, Carrie B. Oser, Patricia R. Freeman, Yong-Yeol Ahn, Jeffery C. Talbert

Psychology Faculty Publications

This paper examines network prominence in a co-prescription network as an indicator of opioid doctor shopping (i.e., fraudulent solicitation of opioids from multiple prescribers). Using longitudinal data from a large commercially insured population, we construct a network where a tie between patients is weighted by the number of shared opioid prescribers. Given prior research suggesting that doctor shopping may be a social process, we hypothesize that active doctor shoppers will occupy central structural positions in this network. We show that network prominence, operationalized using PageRank, is associated with more opioid prescriptions, higher predicted risk for dangerous morphine dosage, opioid overdose, …

So Much Soma, Satvir Dhillon Md, Gregory Shimizu Md

Internal Medicine

No abstract provided.

Adicción Como Un Hecho Político Económico: Un Análisis De Servicios De Atención De Abuso De Drogas Y Alcohol En Arica, Chile, Jack Steffy

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Research question – What is the current landscape of drug abuse in Chile and how has the state attempted to address this problem?

Objectives – The objectives of the paper were to characterize drug use patterns in Chile since 1994, revise drug abuse services, and offer possible improvements for the system of drug abuse treatment.

Background – Chile, despite being one of the most well economically-developed countries in South America, has some of the worst mental health indicators, one of these being drug abuse. Since 1994, use of alcohol and marihuana has increased, while use of cocaine products has remained …

Prevalence And Correlates Of Hiv Infection Among People Who Use Drugs In Cambodia: A Cross-Sectional Survey Using Respondent Driven Sampling Method., Sovannary Tuot, Gitau Mburu, Phalkun Mun, Pheak Chhoun, Navy Chann, Kiesha Prem, Siyan Yi

BACKGROUND: Most of studies on the relationship between drug use and HIV have focused largely on people who inject drugs. Non-injecting drug use is much more common than injecting drug use, and although it can also predispose people to HIV infection, it is not widely explored. We therefore conducted this study to explore the prevalence of HIV and identify risk factors for HIV infection among people who use non-injecting drugs (PWUD) in Cambodia.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017. The Respondent Driven Sampling method was used to recruit the study participants who were interviewed face-to-face using a structured …

Resiliency In School Experiences: A Dropout Prevention Initiative, Stephanie L. Smith

OT Student Capstones

The ramifications of high school dropout have significant adverse effects both for individuals and society. High school graduation is the social determinant that strongly predicts long-term health and success (American Public Health Association, n.d.). Unfortunately, more than 500,000 high school students dropout each year without the skills and credentials needed to become successful, productive members of society (Communities in Schools, 2009). The dropout numbers for ethnic minorities are disproportionately high. In 2009, the proportions of 16 to 24- year-old high school dropouts were 10.7% for African Americans, 15.9% for American Indians, and 17.9% for Hispanics (Center for Mental Health in …

Harm Reduction Policy : Biopower, Race & Stigma At The Heart Of The 'Opioid Crisis', Cole Charles Melby

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Across the U.S., concerns regarding substance abuse, addiction, and treatment are coming to the forefront of public discourse, due to increased media coverage of the popularly dubbed ‘opioid crisis.’ As overdose rates increase, particularly in rural and suburban white communities, so have debates about the ethics and efficacy of harm reduction services. Through a review of existing literature and reflections on interviews from key informants at New York State Department of Health, grassroots harm reduction organizations, and a ‘mainstream’ addiction clinic, this thesis will critically examine the history of drug user stigmatization in the U.S. and how it has influenced …

Peer Health Educators On Campus: Teaching Safe Medication Practices, Baylee Q. Bryan, Olga O. Vlashyn, Stephanie A. Deremiah, Murphy K. O'Toole, Katherine M. Joseph, Jane E. Krause

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

Baylee Q. Bryan, Olga O. Vlashyn, Stephanie A. Deremiah, and Murphy K. O’Toole are advanced professional students in the Doctor of Pharmacy program at Purdue University, graduating in May 2019. Katherine M. Joseph is a senior in the School of Nursing, graduating in December 2018. Jane E. Krause (Clinical Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue College of Pharmacy) served as a faculty mentor for this project. In this article, the authors describe their service-learning project intended to increase awareness on campus regarding prescription drug abuse and misuse.

Drug Abuse Manifesting As Persistent Hypoglycemia: A Case Report Of Hidden Sulfonylurea Poisoning, Frederick B. Peng, Sharon Li, Md

Department of Medicine Posters

Background

• Prescription drug abuse is on the rise. According to the Philadelphia Department of Health data in 2017, up to 26% of adults may be using benzodiazepines and/or opioids (Table 1).
• 12% or 1/8 Philadelphians are estimated to be current benzodiazepine users and have taken one in the last 7 days. Benzodiazepine use is most common among people with household incomes below $25,000 and among the 45-54 years old age group (17.7%) [1].
• Most current users (84%) obtain benzodiazepines from health care providers [1]. However, with new policies to closely monitor controlled substances, those with dependence on benzodiazepines may turn …