Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Sexual Education In Adolescence: Contraception Education For Adolescents Leads To Improved Sexual Practices, Marie Poellinger, Erica Jade Fong

Nursing | Student Research Posters

Adolescents of low socioeconomic status from 13-18 years of age face many challenges when it comes to maintaining safe sexual health practices, leading to unwanted pregnancies and exposure to sexually transmitted diseases (STI’s). Challenges include:

• economic barriers → limited access to health care or lack of health insurance

• lack of proper sex education and therefore limited knowledge around contraceptive

Addressing these challenges is crucial for better sexual health outcomes. The nurse’s role is essential in providing education about contraceptive options, access to local resources, and guidance pertaining to safe sexual health practices (Dixon, 2014)

Struggling With Long-Time Low Uptake Of Modern Contraceptives In Pakistan, Nasim Zahid Shah, Tazeen S. Ali, Imtiaz Jehan, Xaher Gul

Woman and Child Health

Background: Efforts to expand access to reproductive health care in Pakistan date as far back as the early 1950s. Despite such efforts, the fertility rate has declined at a slower pace compared to that in neighbouring countries.
Aims: To explore the underlying reasons and challenges for long-time low contraceptive use among female clients and key service providers of community-based family planning programmes in Pakistan.
Methods: A qualitative study was carried out with a total of 10 focus group discussions and 7 in-depth interviews with female clients and key service providers. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.
Results: The …

Contraceptive Use Following Unintended Pregnancy Among Ugandan Women Living With Hiv, Jana Jarolimova, Jerome Kabakyenga, Kara Bennett, Winnie R. Muyindike, Annet Kembabazi, Jeffrey N. Martin, Peter W. Hunt, Yap Boum, Jessica E. Haberer, David Bangsberg, Angela Kaida, Lynn T. Matthews

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Preventing unintended pregnancy is critical for women living with HIV (WLWH) to safely achieve their reproductive goals. Family planning services should support WLWH at risk of repeat unintended pregnancies. We examined the relationship between unintended pregnancy and subsequent contraception use among WLWH in Uganda.

Study design: This was a retrospective analysis of data from a longitudinal cohort of individuals initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), restricted to women with pregnancy (confirmed via urine β-hcg testing) between 2011–2013. The exposure of interest was intended vs unintended pregnancy, and the outcome was self-report of modern contraceptive use (hormonal methods, intrauterine device, sterilization, and/or …

Are Family Planning Vouchers Effective In Increasing Use, Improving Equity And Reaching The Underserved? An Evaluation Of A Voucher Program In Pakistan, Moazzam Ali, Syed Khurram Azmat, Hasan Bin Hamza, Md Mizanur Rahman, Waqas Hameed

Community Health Sciences

Background: Low modern contraceptive prevalence rate and high unmet need in Pakistan aggravates the vulnerabilities of unintended pregnancies and births contributing to maternal morbidity and mortality. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of a free, single-purpose voucher approach in increasing the uptake, use and better targeting of modern contraceptives among women from the lowest two wealth quintiles in rural and urban communities of Punjab province, Pakistan.
Methods: A quasi-interventional study with pre- and post-phases was implemented across an intervention (Chakwal) and a control district (Bhakkar) in Punjab province (August 2012-January 2015). To detect a 15% increase in modern contraceptive …

Neglect Amidst The Zika Epidemic: A Case Study On The Reach Of Government Campaigns And Resources In Quilombo Community Praia Grande, Bahia, Jenna Sherman

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In response to the ongoing Zika epidemic in Brazil, a nationwide campaign has recently been launched targeting the eradication of mosquitoes, preventing the contraction of Zika, and deterring pregnancies. Many remote areas of Brazil, however, may not be being reached by these campaigns or resources to the same extent as more urban or affluent areas of Brazil—despite the existence of the universal healthcare system Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). My objective, therefore, is to assess which media and on-ground campaigns regarding Zika have reached the minute island town of Praia Grande—a rural fishing Quilombo community of approximately 2,000 occupants off …

Strengthening The Role Of Patent Medicine Vendors In The Provision Of Injectable Contraception In Nigeria, Population Council, The Evidence Project

Reproductive Health

The majority of contraceptive services in Nigeria are offered in private settings, including Patent Medicine (PM) shops. PM shops are informal businesses owned by Patent Medicine Vendors (PMVs) licensed to sell patent or proprietary drugs. Injectable contraception is the most popular modern contraceptive method in Nigeria. However PMVs are not regulated to sell or administer injectable contraceptives because the businesses do not receive formal training. Despite this, some PMVs are selling and administering injectable methods in response to high demand. The Evidence Project, in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Health, conducted implementation research to: demonstrate the feasibility of PMVs …

Reduce Contraception Discontinuation In Bangladesh By Improving Counseling On Side Effects, Fauzia Akhter Huda, Sabiha Chowdhuri

Reproductive Health

High rates of contraceptive discontinuation and method failure could cause Bangladesh to lose the progress made in increasing contraceptive use over the past 20 years. This policy brief concludes that if women are adequately counseled and supported to sustain their use of more effective contraceptive methods, they will need less medical attention, have fewer unintended pregnancies, and reduce the workload for medical clinics. Furthermore, if providers are adequately trained and supported in counseling and managing side effects and in helping women to switch methods when they do have a problem, the Family Planning Clinical Contraception Services Delivery Program would meet …

An Early Assessment Of The Potential Impact Of Texas' "Affiliation" Regulation On Access To Care For Low-Income Women, Peter Shin, Jessica Sharac, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

This analysis provides an initial assessment of the implications for low-income women of Texas' "affiliation regulation," which would bar Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA) clinics from participating in the Texas Women's Health Program (WHP). In 2010, more than 183,000 women were enrolled in the WHP, which provides health screening, family planning and birth control to low-income women, and nearly 106,000 received care through the program. In our analysis of WHP provider data, we find:

• Planned Parenthood (PPFA) clinics are by far the dominant source of care under the WHP. In FY 2010, PPFA clinics accounted for approximately 49 percent …

A Descriptive Study Of Undergraduate Contraceptive Attitudes Among Students At The University Of New Hampshire, Katrina Heisler, Danielle M. Van Eron

Honors Theses and Capstones

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine and to understand undergraduate students’ contraceptive attitudes and its effects on contraceptive use to further enhance the education regarding unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). DESIGN AND METHODS: A descriptive study to understand contraceptive attitudes while exploring demographics and sexual behaviors as well as the incorporation of the Contraceptive Attitude Scale (CAS). The researchers utilized an online survey system to distribute surveys electronically. RESULTS: Most students had a positive attitude regarding contraception. IMPLICATIONS: Nurses at college health facilities can focus on educating the college population since their age group is …

A Natural Fit: Collaborations Between Community Health Centers And Family Planning Clinics, Rachel Benson Gold, Marcie Zakheim, Jillanne M. Schulte, Susan F. Wood, Tishra Beeson, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) and family planning clinics funded through Title X of the Public Health Service Act are critical components of the health care safety net in urban and rural medically underserved communities. Although they share the common mission of serving vulnerable and low-income populations, health centers and Title X clinics possess different, but complementary, strengths. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Affordable Care Act) will expand coverage to an additional 32 million people while leaving 23 million uninsured. Most of the newly insured and the remaining uninsured will be residents of medically-underserved communities, and thus, positioning …

Safe Choices: An Examination Of Contraceptive Choices Of The Patient Population Of Planned Parenthood Of Central Ohio, Chloe Williams

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: This study sought to evaluate the variation between racial groups and contraceptive methods chosen by women served by Planned Parenthood of Central Ohio (PPCO) in 2009 in order to better understand the issue of unintended pregnancy.

Methods: This two part study used administrative records provided by PPCO that included raw data for all women who were scheduled for an appointment to receive, or be consulted on contraception from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009 which included three PPCO clinic locations in Franklin County, Ohio. A chi-square analysis was performed with java-based mathematical software from the Math Beans Project …

Ghana: Community Workers Can Communicate Sti And Hiv/Aids Messages Effectively, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

To support the Government of Ghana’s plan to expand community-based distribution (CBD) programs, the Planned Parenthood Association of Ghana (PPAG) and the Population Council conducted a study in 1999 of the CBD programs of 13 nongovernmental agencies. The study also assessed in depth PPAG’s CBD program, which is the country’s largest and oldest. Data sources included interviews with 301 CBD agents, 27 supervisors, and 20 clinicians in rural and urban areas in 16 districts; observations of 51 PPAG agents interacting with 6 clients each; and 15 focus group discussions with community members, former CBD agents, and CBD clients. CBD programs …