Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

At The Cultural Interface: A Systematic Review Of Study Characteristics And Cultural Integrity From Twenty Years Of Randomised Controlled Trials With Indigenous Participants, Tuguy Esgin, Rona Macniven, Alan Crouch, Alexandra Martiniuk

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose and aim: To identify and describe characteristics of Randomised Control Trial (RCT) design, implementation, and interpretation with a view tostrengtheningen the cultural integrity and scientific quality of this genre of research when used with, for and by Indigenous peoples. Issue: RCTs are widely regarded as the ‘gold standard’ method for evaluating the efficacy of an intervention. However, issues of cultural acceptability and higher attrition rates among RCT participants from diverse populations, including Indigenous participants, have been reported. A better understanding of cultural acceptability and attrition rates of RCTs has the potential to impact the translation of findings into effective …

Implementation And Utilisation Of Australian Critical Care Practice Standards: What Do We Know?, Yolanda Cox, Justin L. C. Bilszta, Debbie Massey

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The Australian College of Critical Care Nurses published the third edition of practice standards (PSs) for specialist critical care nurses in 2015. Higher-education providers currently use these standards to inform critical care curricula; however, how critical care nurses perceive and use PSs in clinical practice is unknown. Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore critical care nurses' perceptions about the Australian College of Critical Care Nurses PS for specialty critical care nursing, to understand how the PSs are used in clinical practice, and what opportunities exist to support their implementation. Methods: An exploratory qualitative descriptive design was …

Current Food Labelling Practices In Online Supermarkets In Australia, Damian Maganja, Tazman Davies, Laura Sanavio, Jimmy C Y Louie, Mark D Huffman, Kathy Trieu, Jason H Y Wu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Food product labelling can support consumer decision-making. Several food product labels (nutrition information panels (NIPs), ingredients lists, allergen declarations and country-of-origin) are mandated for physical product packaging in Australia, with a voluntary front-of-pack nutrition labelling system, Health Star Ratings (HSRs), also available. However, labelling requirements are not explicitly extended to online settings and the extent to which this information is available in these increasingly important food environments has not been assessed.

METHODS: Data from all individual food product pages was collected from the online stores of the two dominant supermarket retailers in Australia using automated web scraping in April-May …

Independent Study Demonstrates Amyloid Probability Score Accurately Indicates Amyloid Pathology, Ilana Fogelman, Randall J Bateman, David M Holtzman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The amyloid probability score (APS) is the model read-out of the analytically validated mass spectrometry-based PrecivityAD

PURPOSE: This study aimed to provide additional independent evidence that the pre-established APS algorithm, along with its cutoff values, discriminates between amyloid positive and negative individuals.

METHODS: The diagnostic performance of the PrecivityAD test was analyzed in a cohort of 200 nonrandomly selected Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Aging (AIBL) study participants, who were either cognitively impaired or healthy controls, and for whom a blood sample and amyloid PET imaging were available.

RESULTS: In a subset of the dataset aligned …

Would You Like Fries With That? Investigating Fast-Food Outlet Availability Near Schools In Perth, Western Australia, Gina S. A. Trapp, Paula Hooper, Wesley Billingham, Lukar Thornton, Ainslie Sartori, Kelly Kennington, Amanda Devine, Stephanie Godrich, Ros Sambell, Justine Howard, Alexia Bivoltsis

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Issue addressed: Locating fast-food outlets near schools is a potential public health risk to schoolchildren, given the easy access and repeated exposure to energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods they provide. Fast-food outlet availability near schools has not been previously investigated in Perth, Western Australia. This study aimed to quantify fast-food outlet availability near Perth schools and determine whether differences in area-level disadvantage and school type exist. Methods: Fast-food outlet locations were sourced from Perth Local Governments in 2018/2019. All Perth Primary (n = 454), Secondary (n = 107) and K-12 (n = 94) schools were assigned an area-level disadvantage decile ranking based …

The Salento Prognostic Model For Limited-Stage Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma From The International T-Cell Project Network, Greg Hapgood, Monica Civallero, Yana Stepanishyna, Julie M. Vose, Monica Elena Cabrera, Ranjana H Advani, Stefano A. Pileri, Martina Manni, Steven M. Horwitz, Francine M. Foss, Felicitas Hitz, John Radford, Ivan Dlouhy, Carlos Chiattone, Won Seog Kim, Tetiana Skrypets, Arnon Nagler, Judith Trotman, Stefano Luminari, Massimo Federico

Journal Articles: Oncology and Hematology

The natural history of limited-stage peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) remains poorly defined. We investigated outcomes and prognostic variables in patients registered in the T-Cell Project (TCP) (#NCT01142674) to develop a model to predict overall survival (OS) for the common nodal PTCL subtypes (PTCL-NOS, AITL, ALCL). The model was validated in an independent data set from Australian and Brazilian registries. 211 patients registered in the TCP between 2006-2018 were studied. The median age was 59 years (range 18-88) and median follow-up was 49 months. One hundred twenty-seven patients (78%) received anthracycline-based regimens, 5 patients (3%) radiotherapy alone (RT), 24 patients (15%) …

The Facilitators And Barriers To Exercise In The Noongar Aboriginal Population In Perth, Australia, Tuguy Esgin, Deborah Hersh, Kevin Rowley, Rona Macniven, Alan Crouch, Mark Halaki, Robert Newton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Indigenous Standpoint Theory forms the epistemological foundation for this study and methodological choices were made within this theoretical framework to ensure culturally responsive research processes that engaged the Indigenous agenda of self-determination and rights. The objectives of this research were to determine: (i) Indigenous perceptions of the facilitators and barriers to exercise; (ii) The potential feasibility and sustainability of an exercise intervention. In this context, Participatory Action Research methods were used to design the data-gathering instrument for the study—a questionnaire, co-designed with the Noongar Aboriginal community of Perth, Western Australia. This self-administered questionnaire, distributed to participants by email, post and …

Summary Of Gynaecological Cancer Among Aboriginal And/Or Torres Strait Islander People In Australia, Australian Indigenous Healthinfonet

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This publication, in plain language, is based on information presented in the Review of gynaecological cancer among Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people in Australia (2023). This short, visual report summarises the key findings and concepts from the review to provide a holistic picture of gynaecological cancer among Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women. It is a quick source of information covering:

• the social, cultural and historical contexts that contribute to inequitable gynaecological cancer rates among Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women
• the extent of gynaecological cancer, specifically cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and uterine cancer, including the incidence, mortality, …

Incidence And Mortality Of Conjunctival Melanoma In Australia (1982 To 2014), Aaron B. Beasley, David B. Preen, Samuel Mclenachan, Elin S. Gray, Fred K. Chen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence and mortality of conjunctival melanoma in Australia from 1982 to 2014. Methods: De-identified unit data for all cases of ocular melanoma were extracted from the Australian Cancer Database from 1982 to 2014. Conjunctival melanoma cases were extracted, and the incidence and mortality were analyzed. Incidence rates were age-standardized against the 2001 Australian Standard Population. Mortality was assessed using log-rank and Cox regression. Results: From 1982 to 2014, there were 299 cases of conjunctival melanoma. The age-standardized incidence rate was 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41 to 0.54) per …

Dementia Care For People From Culturally And Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds: Qualitative Secondary Analysis Of The Aged Care Australian Royal Commission Data, Pelden Chejor, Patricia Cain, Bridget Laging, Davina Porock

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective:

Understanding the concerns and experiences of people living with dementia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds is critical to ensure culturally appropriate care is delivered. This study aimed to describe the current experiences and concerns of older people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds using the publicly available evidence from the Australian Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety.

Methods:

This was a qualitative secondary analysis of the Australian Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety data to explore new and nuanced insights about care for culturally and linguistically diverse people living with dementia. Using the keywords …

Caring For Individuals Who Have Used Methamphetamine: A Study Exploring The Experiences Of West Australian Nurses Working In An Authorised Mental Health Institute, John Kriticos

Theses

Background: Methamphetamine (MA) use in Australia has stabilized over the last 22 years, however changing routes of administration and increased purity of the drug has led to greater rates of physical dependency and higher rates of cardiovascular, neurological, and mental health complications. Challenges managing MA related presentations have been reported in Australian Emergency Departments (ED’s), with limited research considering nurses’ experience treating individual(s) who use MA (IWUM) and require prolonged mental health care. Purpose: The aim of this study was to understand nurses’ experiences who care for IWUM in a West Australian hospital’s inpatient mental health service. Methods: Interpretive phenomenological …

Evaluation Of Oral Baits And Distribution Methods For Tasmanian Devils (Sarcophilus Harrisii), Sean Dempsey, Ruth J. Pyer, Amy Gilbert, Nicholas M. Fountain-Jones, Jennifer M. Moffat, Sarah Benson-Amram, Timothy J. Smyser, Andrew S. Flies

USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Context

Diseases are increasingly contributing to wildlife population declines. Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) populations have locally declined by 82%, largely owing to the morbidity and mortality associated with two independent transmissible devil facial tumours (DFT1 and DFT2). Toxic baits are often used as a management tool for controlling vertebrate pest populations in Australia, but in other areas of the world, oral baits are also used to deliver vaccines or pharmaceuticals to wildlife.

Aim

Our goal was to evaluate the potential use of edible baits as vehicles for vaccine delivery to Tasmanian devils.

Method

We first tested bait palatability with …

Distribution Of Axial Length In Australians Of Different Age Groups, Ethnicities, And Refractive Errors, Vinay Kumar Nilagiri, Samantha Sze-Yee Lee, Gareth Lingham, Jason Charng, Seyhan Yazar, Alex W. Hewitt, Lynn R. Griffiths, Paul G. Sanfilippo, Tzu-Hsun Tsai, David A. Mackey

Articles

Treatments are available to slow myopic axial elongation. Understanding normal axial length (AL) distributions will assist clinicians in choosing appropriate treatment for myopia. We report the distribution of AL in Australians of different age groups and refractive errors.

Incidence And Mortality Of Uveal Melanoma In Australia (1982–2014), Aaron B. Beasley, David B. Preen, Samuel Mclenachan, Elin S. Gray, Fred K. Chen

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Aims:

We aimed to estimate the incidence and mortality of uveal melanoma (UM) in Australia from 1982 to 2014.

Methods:

Deidentified unit data for all cases of ocular melanoma were extracted from the Australian Cancer Database from 1 January 1982 to 31 December 2014. UM cases were extracted and trends in incidence and disease-specific mortality were calculated. Incidence rates were age-standardised against the 2001 Australian Standard Population. Mortality was assessed using Cox regression.

Results:

From 1982 to 2014, there were 5087 cases of ocular melanoma in Australia, of which 4617 were classified as UM. The average age-standardised incidence rate of …