Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Global Prevalence Of Aspirin Use For Primary Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study Of Nationally Representative, Individual-Level Data, Sang Gune K Yoo, Mark D Huffman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Cva In Patient With Systemic Sclerosis On Aspirin Therapy: A Case Report, Rahyan Mahmud, Bianna Koutsenko, Kenneth Goich, Usaid Hasan

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Introduction

Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by microvascular damage and multiorgan fibrosis. These patients have a higher risk of cerebrovascular events, but it is difficult to develop strategies for prevention due to limited understanding of underlying pathophysiology.

Case Presentation

A 76-year-old female with a history of systemic sclerosis presented to the emergency department with acute onset slurred speech, facial droop, and left arm pain with a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stroke Scale of 1. She was outside the thrombolytic window. Other history includes hypertension and hyperlipidemia; both were well controlled. MRI confirmed right frontal lobe ischemic stroke …

Does Supplementation With Vitamin D And Calcium Reduce The Risk Of Developing Pre-Eclampsia Compared With Prophylactic Daily Aspirin Use?, Katja Berge

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder that occurs during pregnancy. Onset is typically around the 20 week of gestation and serious complications may occur if it is not properly managed. Complications from pre-eclampsia include preterm delivery, disease progression to eclampsia, organ damage, placental abruption, and neonatal complications. Initial management involves the use of antihypertensive medications. Current guidelines recommend the initiation of 81 mg aspirin starting at 12 weeks gestation for women with increased risk factors. The goal of this literature review is to examine the effectiveness of calcium and vitamin D supplementation compared to daily prophylactic aspirin use for prevention of …

Addressing Disparity: A Waiting Room Intervention For Preeclampsia Prevention In African Americans, Morgan Semana

Nursing | Senior Theses

Maternal mortality is a pressing, global concern that particularly affects African American women in the United States. African American women face disproportionately a high maternal mortality rate (MMR), with rates more than double that of white women. Preeclampsia emerges as the leading cause of maternal mortality in African American women, driving the need for targeted interventions. To address this issue, a proposed research study aims to investigate the impact of a nurse-led, waiting room, preeclampsia and aspirin effectiveness educational intervention on the knowledge and preeclampsia rates among African American women. The study draws upon existing evidence that supports the use …

Oral Dosages Of The Nsaid Aspirin Decreased The Growth Rate Of Species Found In The Human Gut Microbiome Including Akkermansia Muciniphila, Bacteroides Fragilis, Clostridium Sordellii, And Clostridium Difficile, Wyatt H. Greenbaum, Garrett J. Greenbaum, Anna Spiezio

PANDION: The Osprey Journal of Research and Ideas

Over past few decades, new insight has been revealed in the scientific community about the importance of the human gut microbiome relating to general health. It is known that imbalances in the species that reside in the human gut can cause organism-wide problems in humans. When prescribing or injecting oral medications, the thought of the downstream effects on the gut microbiome are not always considered. By exposing known healthy members of the gut; Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium sordellii, and Clostridium difficile to the Aspirin, this study attempted to provide insight into the effects of the drug on bacterial growth. …

Anticoagulation Options For Cranial Procedures: A Comparative Review Of Aspirin, Plavix, And Aggrastat., Harendra Kumar, Aishwarya Boini, Mpuekela Tshibangu, Bikona Ghosh, Fatima Shaheen, Andrew M Joseph, Juliana Cazzaniga, Monica Karas, Cesar E Jara Silva, Jonathan Quinonez, Samir Ruxmohan

HPD Articles

Anticoagulation therapy is critical to avoiding thrombotic events in patients following cranial surgery. Although Aspirin, Plavix, and Aggrastat are used as anticoagulants for this purpose, there is no consensus on which agent is the most effective and safe. In this comparative study, we analyze the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of these three anticoagulants in the context of cranial surgeries. This review focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of each anticoagulant, such as its pharmacokinetics, indications, contraindications, and possible consequences. The outcomes of this study will help physicians choose the best anticoagulant for their patients based on individual …

A Comparison Of Bleeding Risk In Patients With Cardiovascular Disease Treated With Aspirin Versus Clopidogrel, Laboy Alyssa

Master of Science in Physician Assistant Studies Capstone Presentations (Center City)

Background

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States.⁷­­

There are four main types of CVD:

1. Coronary heart disease
2. Strokes & TIAs
3. Peripheral arterial disease
4. Aortic disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most prevalent and most common cause of atherosclerosis

Antiplatelet medications remain the cornerstone of medical therapy for primary and secondary atherosclerotic CAD prevention.

Aspirin is prescribed for:

• Individuals with a history of MI or ischemic stroke to prevent a recurrence.
• When a myocardial infarction (MI) is suspected to avoid further infarction.
• Thromboembolism prevention after hip surgeries, transient …

Aspirin Vs. Pravastatin For Prevention Of Preterm Delivery In Patients At Risk For Pre-Eclampsia, Mary Weisberg

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

This literature review is an examination of the use of low-dose aspirin therapy versus the use of pravastatin therapy to prevent preterm delivery in women at risk of developing preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is defined as new onset hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation with evidence of maternal organ or uteroplacental dysfunction or proteinuria. Preeclampsia is a serious condition that affects pregnant women and their growing fetuses which may lead to maternal or fetal demise. The Prevention of preeclampsia with the use of low-dose aspirin in the first 12-16 weeks is currently the mainstay of treatment for women with moderate to severe …

Cost-Effectiveness Of Low-Dose Aspirin For The Prevention Of Preterm Birth: A Prospective Study Of The Global Network For Women’S And Children’S Health Research, Jackie K Patterson, Simon Neuwahl, Norman Goco, Janet Moore, Shivaprasad S Goudar, Richard Derman, Matthew Hoffman, Mrityunjay Metgud, Manjunath Somannavar, Avinash Kavi, Jean Okitawutshu, Adrien Lokangaka, Antoinette Tshefu, Carl L Bose, Abigail Mwapule, Musaku Mwenechanya, Elwyn Chomba, Waldemar A Carlo, Javier Chicuy, Lester Figueroa, Nancy F Krebs, Saleem Jessani, Sarah Saleem, Robert L Goldenberg, Kunal Kurhe, Prabir Das, Archana Patel, Patricia L Hibberd, Emmah Achieng, Paul Nyongesa, Fabian Esamai, Sherri Bucher, Edward A Liechty, Brian W Bresnahan, Marion Koso-Thomas, Elizabeth M Mcclure

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

Background: Premature birth is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity, and strategies to prevent preterm birth are few in number and resource intensive. In 2020, the ASPIRIN trial showed the efficacy of low-dose aspirin (LDA) in nulliparous, singleton pregnancies for the prevention of preterm birth. We sought to investigate the cost-effectiveness of this therapy in low-income and middle-income countries.

Methods: In this post-hoc, prospective, cost-effectiveness study, we constructed a probabilistic decision tree model to compare the benefits and costs of LDA treatment compared with standard care using primary data and published results from the ASPIRIN trial. In …

Cost-Effectiveness Of Low-Dose Aspirin For The Prevention Of Preterm Birth: A Prospective Study Of The Global Network For Women's And Children's Health Research, Jackie K Patterson, Simon Neuwahl, Norman Goco, Janet Moore, Shivaprasad S Goudar, Richard Derman, Matthew Hoffman, Mrityunjay Metgud, Manjunath Somannavar, Avinash Kavi, Jean Okitawutshu, Adrien Lokangaka, Antoinette Tshefu, Carl L Bose, Abigail Mwapule, Musaku Mwenechanya, Elwyn Chomba, Waldemar A Carlo, Javier Chicuy, Lester Figueroa, Nancy F Krebs, Saleem Jessani, Sarah Saleem, Robert L Goldenberg, Kunal Kurhe, Prabir Das, Archana Patel, Patricia L Hibberd, Emmah Achieng, Paul Nyongesa, Fabian Esamai, Sherri Bucher, Edward A Liechty, Brian W Bresnahan, Marion Koso-Thomas, Elizabeth M Mcclure

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

Background: Premature birth is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity, and strategies to prevent preterm birth are few in number and resource intensive. In 2020, the ASPIRIN trial showed the efficacy of low-dose aspirin (LDA) in nulliparous, singleton pregnancies for the prevention of preterm birth. We sought to investigate the cost-effectiveness of this therapy in low-income and middle-income countries.

Methods: In this post-hoc, prospective, cost-effectiveness study, we constructed a probabilistic decision tree model to compare the benefits and costs of LDA treatment compared with standard care using primary data and published results from the ASPIRIN trial. In …

Areas For Improvement In Pre-Eclampsia Prevention: Aspirin Use In Indicated Pregnancies, Mariah Piazza, Krystal Carmichael, Keisha Reddick, Susan Greene

South Atlantic Division Research Day 2023

No abstract provided.

Can Aspirin Be Used As A Prophylactic Treatment In Migraine: A Double Blind Study In Upper Egypt, Mahmoud M. Hasan, Abd Elaziz S. Abd Elaziz, Mohammed A. Mohammed

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Migraine is the 2nd most prevalent neurological disease in the world. Women are approximately 3 times more likely than men to have migraine.

Aim To evaluate possible role of aspirin as a prophylactic treatment in patient with migraine

Patients and Methods: In this prospective study sixty seven patients presented by migraine with and without aura. All patients were subjected to both HURT and MIDAS questionnaire before the treatment and .after the first, second and third month of treatment.

Results: Sixty seven participants (31 male and 36 female).Their age ranged from 25-60 years old, divided into 3 groups received placebo, …

Addressing Disparity: A Waiting Room Intervention For Preeclampsia Prevention In African Americans, Morgan Semana

Nursing | Student Research Posters

No abstract provided.

Aspirin In The Primary Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease, Briana Stephanie Murar

Doctor of Medical Science (DMSc)

For decades, people have prophylactically used aspirin (ASA), or acetylsalicylic acid, to mitigate their risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The role of ASA as a means of secondary prevention for CVD is well established, however there are conflicting schools of thought as to whether or not it should be used as primary prophylaxis. While this indication has been studied for more than 30-years, questions remain pertaining to the risk of bleeding that is associated with ASA usage, which ranges from mild epistaxis to life threatening hemorrhage.1 Lifestyle and behavioral factors play a large role in a person’s CVD risk, however …

Associations Of Aspirin And Other Anti-Inflammatory Medications With Breast Cancer Risk By The Status Of Cox-2 Expression, Lusine Yaghjyan, A Heather Eliassen, Graham Colditz, Bernard Rosner, Pepper Schedin, Akemi Wijayabahu, Rulla M Tamimi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: We investigated the associations of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with breast cancer risk by the status of COX-2 protein expression.

METHODS: This study included 421 cases and 3,166 controls from a nested case-control study within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) cohorts. Information on medication use was first collected in 1980 (NHS) and 1989 (NHSII) and was updated biennially. Medication use was defined as none, past or current; average cumulative dose and frequency were calculated for all past or current users using data collected from all biannual questionnaires preceding the reference …

Low-Dose Aspirin For Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Is Associated With Lower Rates Of Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Joint Arthroplasty, Farideh Najafi, Joseph K. Kendal, Nicholas V. Peterson, Kerri-Anne Ciesielka, Camilo Restrepo, Javad Parvizi, Nicholas M. Bernthal

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Aspirin as a venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylactic agent has been shown to have antistaphylococcal and antibiofilm roles. Optimal acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) dosage would facilitate antimicrobial effects while avoiding over-aggressive inhibition of platelet antimicrobial function. Our purpose was to determine the periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rate after total joint arthroplasty in patients receiving low-dose ASA (81 mg twice a day), in comparison to high-dose ASA (325 mg twice a day).

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study between 2008 and 2020. Eligible patients were older than 18 years, underwent primary total joint arthroplasty, both total knee arthroplasty and total hip …

Evidence-Based Role Of Aspirin In Giant Cell Arteritis: A Literature Review, Anum Qureshi, Fatima Halilu, Sam W. Serafi, Howard Hauptman, Tristan Flack

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), or temporal arteritis, is a medium to large vessel vasculitis seen in the elderly. Its presentation varies from fever of unknown origin to cranial ischemic complications including complete vision loss. The early initiation of steroids is key to preventing complications of GCA. Here we discuss the role of aspirin in the treatment of GCA, both as an antithrombotic agent and its increasingly utilized antiinflammatory properties. The aim of this review article is to examine the evidence behind the rationale of aspirin use as an adjunct to steroids for the prevention of cranial ischemic complications.

Prophylactic Measure In Women With Early Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, And Hyperhomocysteinemia, Abd El-Hamid E. Shahin, Mohamed S. Gad, Samia M. Ghonim

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective This work aims to evaluate prophylactic measures against early recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hyperhomocysteinemia. Background PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in females; hyperhomocysteinemia is frequently associated with PCO. Mild-to-moderate hyperhomocysteinemia increases the risk of RPL through augmentation of hypercoagulable state of pregnancy and thrombosis in maternal and fetal circulation. Patients and methods The study was a randomized prospective comparative study. Patients in this study were 60 patients aged between 20 and 35 years with PCOS that was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria if at least two of the …

Perioperative Effect Of Acetylsalicylic Acid Stoppage Duration Before Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, Ahmed A El-Badie Emara, Islam I. Moheb, Mohamed G. Hagag, Mohamed S. Amar

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective To assess the effect of timing of preoperative cessation of aspirin therapy on perioperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Background Aspirin is used for primary or secondary prevention of thrombotic complications. It inhibits platelet function and so there is an increased risk of hemorrhage among patients undergoing CABG. Aspirin discontinuation time before CABG surgery has been a controversy for years. We aimed at assessing the effect of timing of preoperative cessation of aspirin therapy on perioperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing CABG surgery. Patients and methods Sixty patients having coronary artery …

Does Aspirin Reduce Risk For Future Cardiovascular Events In Women With Diabetes?, Olivia Hillier, Amna Zeb, Pamela Marcovitz

Posters

INTRODUCTION
The use of low dose aspirin (LDA) in primary prevention of cardiovascular events (CVE) is no longer recommended due to lack of benefit in prevention of primary outcome and increased bleeding risks. It’s postulated that LDA could still be of benefit in those with very high vascular risk including diabetes mellitus (DM) as it confers a higher risk for future CVE in women as compared to men. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine if use of low dose ASA is beneficial to lower CVE in women with multiple risk factors.

The Efficacy Of Low-Dose Aspirin In Pregnancy Among Women In Malaria-Endemic Countries, Melissa Bauserman, Sequoia I Leuba, Jennifer Hemingway-Foday, Tracy L Nolen, Janet Moore, Elizabeth M Mcclure, Adrien Lokangaka, Antoinette Tsehfu, Jackie Patterson, Edward A Liechty, Fabian Esamai, Waldemar A Carlo, Elwyn Chomba, Robert L Goldenberg, Sarah Saleem, Saleem Jessani, Marion Koso-Thomas, Matthew Hoffman, Richard Derman, Steven R Meshnick, Carl L Bose

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Background: Low dose aspirin (LDA) is an effective strategy to reduce preterm birth. However, LDA might have differential effects globally, based on the etiology of preterm birth. In some regions, malaria in pregnancy could be an important modifier of LDA on birth outcomes and anemia.

Methods: This is a sub-study of the ASPIRIN trial, a multi-national, randomized, placebo controlled trial evaluating LDA effect on preterm birth. We enrolled a convenience sample of women in the ASPIRIN trial from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Kenya and Zambia. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect malaria. We calculated crude prevalence …

Efficacy And Safety Of Direct Oral Anticoagulants With And Without Aspirin: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Talal Almas, Adeena Musheer, Arooba Ejaz, Fahd Niaz Shaikh, Anousheh Awais Paracha, Fizza Raza, Maryam Sarwar Khan, Fahad Masood, Faiza Siddiqui, Muhammad Hasnain Mankani

Medical College Documents

Background: Various anticoagulant therapies are prescribed to patients under physicians' discretion and recently Direct Oral Anticoagulants(DOAC) have been under trials to evaluate their safety and efficacy. In addition to this, the regimen of DOACs and Aspirin is of keen interest as researchers continue to find an optimal regimen to treat blood clots in patients. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies that asses the safety and efficacy of DOAC with and without Aspirin.
Methods: We queried MEDLINE and Cochrane CENTRAL from their inception to April 2021, for published and randomized controlled …

Antiplatelet Use In Ischemic Stroke, Marharyta Kamarova, Sheharyar Baig, Hamish Patel, Kimberley Monks, Mohammad Wasay, Ali Ali, Jessica Redgrave, Arshad Majid, Simon M. Bell

Section of Neurology

Objective: A literature review of antiplatelet agents for primary and secondary stroke prevention, including mechanism of action, cost, and reasons for lack of benefit.
Data sources: Articles were gathered from MEDLINE, Cochrane Reviews, and PubMed databases (1980-2021). Abstracts from scientific meetings were considered. Search terms included ischemic stroke, aspirin, clopidogrel, dipyridamole, ticagrelor, cilostazol, prasugrel, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors.
Study selection and data extraction: English-language original and review articles were evaluated. Guidelines from multiple countries were reviewed. Articles were evaluated independently by 2 authors.
Data synthesis: An abundance of evidence supports aspirin and clopidogrel use for secondary stroke prevention. In the acute …

A Role For Cox Inhibition In The Prevention Of Progression Of Barrett’S Esophagus To Esophageal Adenocarcinoma, John Speakman

Theses and Graduate Projects

Background: Barrett’s esophagus is the most significant predictor of the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The current treatment recommendation is a proton pump inhibitor to control acid reflux, yet there remains a significant number of individuals who progress to cancer. More can be done to prevent this progression.

Purpose: To this end, this paper seeks to answer the following PICO question: P: Patients with Barrett’s esophagus not yet esophageal adenocarcinoma; I: Standard PPI treatment with the addition of Aspirin; C: Standard PPI treatment only; O: Prevention of progression of Barrett’s esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Methods: A comprehensive literature …

Insights From Monitoring Aspirin Adherence: A Medication Adherence Cascade Tool, Heather L. Wheat, Elliane Irani, Richard Josephson, Mary A. Dolansky

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Adherence to recommended medications is a key issue in the care of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and barriers to adherence are well established during the medication adherence cascade, the processes of prescribing, obtaining, taking, and maintaining medication use. Aspirin avoids many of the barriers in the medication adherence cascade as it does not require a prescription (prescribing) and is inexpensive, easily accessible (obtaining), prescribed once-daily (taking) as an over-the-counter medication and is generally perceived by patients as safe (maintaining). The purpose of this paper is to report aspirin adherence and propose the Medication Adherence Cascade Tool to assist …

An Investigation Into Over The Counter Painkiller Use, Shane M. Cusack, Angeline D. Lagali, Andreia Stavrianos

International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

This study comprises a survey to examine the use, risks, and awareness of over-the-counter (OTC) pain medication. The survey was a paper-based survey extended to the general public in Cork, Ireland from February 24^th 2020 to March 14^th 2020. A Microsoft Excel template (16.34 2020) was used to analyse the results of the 106 valid responses that were received. Responses showed that 105/106 individuals had taken an OTC painkiller in their lifetime. Paracetamol was the most used OTC painkiller with 98.1% of people having taken it in the past. The overall majority of individuals were aware of …

Full Issue: The International Undergraduate Journal Of Health Sciences, Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2021

International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

The full June 2021 issue (Volume 1, Issue 1) of the International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

Research Visualization Of Different Treatment Modalities To Treat Covid-19 Infection: Bibliometric Analysis Of Pubmed Database, Abeel Naseer, Muhammad Shoaib, Nusrat Ali, Imtiaz Ahmad

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper designed to examine research published in PubMed indexed journals of different treatment modalities to treat COVID -19 infection employing bibliometric analysis technique from 2020 to 2021. The purpose was to consolidate the published scholarly work in the PubMed database on different treatment modalities including vaccine, oxygen supplementation, dexamethasone or steroids, aspirin, heparin, remdesivir, zinc, vitamin c or ascorbic acid, oxygen, anti-malarial like chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin or macrolides. We employed a bibliometric analysis technique and found a total of 3043 published documents. The study findings depicted that vaccine and COVID-19 top was at the top of the …

Effect Of Aspirin On Cancer Incidence And Mortality In Older Adults, John J Mcneil, Yin Cao, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of daily low-dose aspirin (100 mg) in older adults, showed an increase in all-cause mortality, primarily due to cancer. In contrast, prior randomized controlled trials, mainly involving younger individuals, demonstrated a delayed cancer benefit with aspirin. We now report a detailed analysis of cancer incidence and mortality.

METHODS: 19 114 Australian and US community-dwelling participants aged 70 years and older (US minorities 65 years and older) without cardiovascular disease, dementia, or physical disability were randomly assigned and followed for a median of 4.7 years. Fatal and nonfatal …

Preventive Care: Controversies, Challenges And Upcoming Changes In Guidelines, Randa Sifri, Md

Department of Family & Community Medicine Presentations and Grand Rounds

Objectives

• Organizations who make guidelines
• Current guidelines for average-risk adults, with a focus on guidelines with differing recommendations and challenges to implementation/operational issues
• Preview of upcoming changes in guidelines
• Cases to illustrate some of the common questions that come up in delivering office-based preventive care
• Some disclaimers