Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Predictors Of Treatment Admissions For Hallucinogen Use In The United States, Saral R. Desai, Hayden Sando, Edward Lin

Tower Health Research Day

No abstract provided.

Machine Learning To Predict Boarding From Ed Greet Notes, Michael Makutonin, Brian Desnoyers, Larry A. Nathanson, Andrew C. Meltzer

GW Research Showcase 2021-2024

No abstract provided.

Short-Term Effects Of Carbon Monoxide On Morbidity Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease With Comorbidities In Beijing, Zhiwei Li, Feng Lu, Mengmeng Liu, Moning Guo, Lixin Tao, Tianqi Wang, Mengyang Liu, Xiuhua Guo, Xiangtong Liu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The association between CO and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been widely reported; however, the association among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or hypertension has remained largely unknown in China. Over-dispersed generalized additive model was adopted to quantity the associations between CO and COPD with T2DM or hypertension. Based on principal diagnosis, COPD cases were identified according to the International Classification of Diseases (J44), and a history of T2DM and hypertension was coded as E12 and I10-15, O10-15, P29, respectively. A total of 459,258 COPD cases were recorded from 2014 to 2019. Each interquartile range uptick in …

Understanding Occupational Therapy Admissions Decisions Related To Diversity, Bridget J. Hahn, Hillary Napier, June Park, Abigail Woollacott, Rachel Lee, Linda M. Olson

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

The vast majority of occupational therapy (OT) practitioners are white, leaving gaps between the representation of our profession and those we serve. Admission practices determine the future of the profession. This cross-sectional study aimed to understand how admission requirements, particularly the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and interview, influenced OT graduate students' application decisions, specifically those who identified as a first-generation college student (FGCS), underrepresented minority, English as a second language, or receiving public assistance. Methods included an online survey distributed to current OT graduate students. The survey consisted of background information, closed-ended questions on influence of application requirements, open-ended questions …

Effect Of Dedicated Admission Medication Reconciliation On Patient Care In 100-Bed Acute Care Hospital, Judy Mcmanus

Student Scholarly Projects

Practice Problem: Medication reconciliations are often completed inadequately or inaccurately when patients are admitted to the hospital. Findings at the study site identified an average of two pharmacy interventions necessary per admitted patient to correct home medication lists after completion of the medication reconciliation.

PICOT: The PICOT question that guided this project was “In adult patients admitted to a 100-bed acute care hospital (P), how does use of the MATCH toolkit for medication reconciliation process steps (I), compared to the current process of home medication reconciliation completed by the physician prior to nursing or pharmacy team review (C) affect accuracy …

Complications And Hospital Admissions Among Pregnant Women With Substance Abuse, Melissa A. Nehls, Jamila Iqbal Ranavaya, Sydney Smith-Graham, Micah Ray, Aryana Misaghi, Jennie Yoost, Kelly Cummings

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Introduction

In recent times, there has been an increase in drug abuse in the general population and in women of reproductive age. Our objectives were to identify, classify, and describe the spectrum of complications, the average number of admissions, and the length of hospital stay among pregnant women with substance abuse. The aim was to understand complication prevalence better to improve management in this ever-growing population.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted of pregnant women ages 18-45 with a history of substance abuse from 2013-2018 in the tri-state area of West Virginia, Ohio, and Kentucky. We collected the following …

Spiritual Care Competency Of Critical Care Nurses: A Literature Review, Julia O. Rohm

Bachelors of Science in Nursing

While caring for their patients, nurses often encounter spiritual needs. In a study with 241 hospice, palliative care, and holistic nurses, “all respondents (100%) indicated they had encountered a patient with spiritual needs throughout their nursing clinical practice” (Lukovsky et al., 2021, p. 32). Despite the prevalence of spiritual needs, many nurses feel unable to confront spiritual issues among their patients. According to a survey conducted among 4054 nurses from the UK, “almost 93% of the nurses surveyed believed spiritual care should be addressed, yet only 5.3% felt always able to meet the spiritual need of patients on a regular …

The Discrepancy Between Admission And Discharge Diagnoses: Underlying Factors And Potential Clinical Outcomes In A Low Socioeconomic Country, Samar Fatima, Sara Shamim, Amna Subhan Butt, Safia Awan, Simra Riffat, Muhammed Tariq

Section of Internal Medicine

Objective: The discrepancy between admission and discharge diagnosis can lead to possible adverse patient outcomes. There are gaps in integrated studies, and less is understood about its characteristics and effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the frequency, characteristics, and outcomes of diagnostic discrepancies at admission and discharge.
Design and data sources: This retrospective study reviewed the admitting and discharge diagnoses of adult patients admitted at Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Internal Medicine Department between October 2018 and February 2019. The frequency and outcomes of discrepancies in patient diagnoses were noted among Emergency Department (ED) physician versus admitting physician, …

Diabetes Education In The Emergency Department: Decreasing Repeat Visits And Admissions, Keith Hatfield

MSN Capstone Projects

Parkland Memorial Hospital (PMH) has many patients with diabetes under its care (Parkland Health & Hospital System, 2019a). Lewis et al. (2015) found that most patients with diabetes seeking care in a large urban ED lacked the basic diabetes survival knowledge needed to stay healthy. Poor diabetes control leads to complications and illness, which leads to repeat ED visits and inpatient admissions. A further literature review supported providing patients with additional diabetes education to reduce admissions.

This project will train the ED Registered Nurses (RN) to provide additional diabetes education at discharge and provide the patient with educational materials to …

Unexpected Ground-Glass Opacities On Abdominopelvic Ct Of A Patient With A Negative Sars-Cov-2 Antigen Test Result And No Respiratory Symptoms Upon Admission, Carol Soler-Luna, Domingo Reynoso-Saldana, Monica I. Burgos, Cesar H. Gutierrez

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

One of the biggest challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to be the detection of asymptomatic and presymptomatic persons infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 who do not have symptoms of COVID-19 may transmit the virus to others and may have subclinical lung abnormalities. Some hospitals use SARSCoV-2 antigen tests for pre-admission screening testing because they are relatively inexpensive, have a rapid turnaround time, and can be performed at the point of care; however, antigen tests are generally less sensitive than nucleic acid amplification tests with reverse transcription polymerase chain …

Linguistic Analysis Of Empathy In Medical School Admission Essays., Mary Yaden, David Yaden, Anneke Buffone, Johannes Eichstaedt, Patrick Crutchley, Laura Smith, Jonathan Cass, Clara Callahan, Susan Rosenthal, Lyle Ungar, Andrew Schwartz, Mohammadreza Hojat

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether words used in medical school admissions essays can predict physician empathy.

Methods: A computational form of linguistic analysis was used for the content analysis of medical school admissions essays. Words in medical school admissions essays were computationally grouped into 20 'topics' which were then correlated with scores on the Jefferson Scale of Empathy. The study sample included 1,805 matriculants (between 2008-2015) at a single medical college in the North East of the United States who wrote an admissions essay and completed the Jefferson Scale of Empathy at matriculation.

Results: After correcting for multiple …

Applicant Selection To A Regional Medical Training Program: A Structural Analysis Of Interviewer Assessments, Terry D. Stratton, Paula K. Arnett, Anthony D. Weaver, J. Bodie Stevens, Carol L. Elam

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: For regional campuses with specific program foci, assessing applicant fit necessarily extends beyond academic and professional factors. Based on assessments of applicants to a regional Rural Physician Leadership Program (RPLP), this study explores the relationship of academic and socio-demographic factors with interviewers’ ratings of: (1) likelihood of eventually practicing in a rural area of the state; and (2) overall acceptability to medical school.

Methods: The study population consisted of 163 first-time RPLP applicants interviewed independently from 2009-2016 by two faculty members at both main and regional medical campuses. Path analysis was used to calculate direct, indirect, and total effects …

Lived Experiences With Inauthenticity Of The Physician Assistant Program Admission Essay: A Phenomenological Study, Pollyanna Kabara

CUP Ed.D. Dissertations

Inauthenticity occurs in the physician assistant program admission process when students plagiarize content of the admission essay. This qualitative research study focused on the experiences of physician assistant admission committee members with the admission process, including the experiences of physician assistant admission committee members with the authenticity of the admission process. The experience with the components of the admission process were discussed through eight interviews with physician assistant admission committee members from accredited physician assistant programs in the United States. Phenomenology was the research method used to evaluate the experience the admission committee members have had with the components of …

Use Of An Evidence Based Verbal Health Literacy Screening Tool In An Inpatient Setting., Dakota Lawler

Doctor of Nursing Practice Papers

Patients who are categorized as having low health literacy have been shown to utilize emergency services more frequently, have increased hospitalizations, and have poorer health outcomes, yet very few medical facilities screen for these at risk patients. The purpose of the process change was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing an evidence based verbal health literacy screening tool into the admission process on a progressive care unit at an urban hospital. After an education session on the screening process, nurses were set to administer the Expanded Brief Health Literacy Screening (EBHLS) to patients admitted to the floor. At the end …

Main And Regional Campus Assessments Of Applicants To A Rural Physician Leadership Program: A Generalizability Analysis, Terry D. Stratton, Clarence Kreiter, Carol L. Elam

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

While the selection of qualified applicants often relies, in part, on scores generated from a medical school pre-admission interview (MSPI), the growth of regional medical campuses (RMCs) – many with specialized rural tracks, programs, or missions – has challenged schools to accommodate a wider range of stakeholder input. This study examines the reliabilities of main (urban) and regional (rural) campus interviewers’ assessments of applicants to a Rural Physician Leadership Program (RPLP) located in the southeastern United States.

Data from RPLP applicants completing MSPIs on two campuses from 2009-2017 (n = 232) were examined in a generalizability analysis. In two separate …

Predictors Of Admission For Stroke Or Transient Ischemic Attack Patients, Jessica Janice Tucker

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Approximately 11% of patients diagnosed with a stroke or a transient ischemic attack are readmitted to the hospital, creating a cost burden of nearly $2 billion per year for Medicare beneficiaries. Because researchers and policy makers consider hospital readmission for patients with strokes or transient ischemic attack to be an indicator for the delivery of quality care, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has imposed financial penalties of up to 3% of a hospital's Medicare reimbursement in 1 year for excessive readmissions, potentially impacting the financial sustainability of various healthcare organizations. The ecological systems theory allows for the understanding …

Hospital Admission From The Emergency Department For Patients Diagnosed With Heart Failure, Tammy Young

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Approximately 25% of those hospitalized with congestive heart failure are readmitted within 30 days after discharge. Because researchers and policy makers consider hospital readmission within 30 days for patients with heart failure to be a quality of care issue, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has imposed financial penalties of up to 3% of a hospital's Medicare revenue for 1 year for excessive readmissions, potentially impacting the financial sustainability of some organizations. The purpose of the study was to address the research gap regarding the outcome quality measure of hospital admissions from the emergency department (ED) and 2 each …

Acute Effects Of Fine Particulate Matter (Pm2.5) On Hospital Admissions For Cardiovascular Disease In Beijing, China: A Time-Series Study, Endawoke Amsalu, Tianqi Wang, Haibin Li, Yue Liu, Anxin Wang, Xiangtong Liu, Lixin Tao, Yanxia Luo, Feng Zhang, Xinghua Yang, Xia Li, Wei Wang, Xiuhua Guo

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

Air pollution and cardiovascular disease are increasing problems in China. However, the short-term association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not well documented. The purpose of this study is to estimate the short-term effects of PM2.5 on CVD admissions in Beijing, China.

Methods

In total, 460,938 electronic hospitalization summary reports for CVD between 2013 and 2017 were obtained. A generalized additive model using a quasi-Poisson distribution was used to investigate the association between exposure to PM2.5 and hospitalizations for total and cause-specific CVD, including coronary heart disease (CHD), atrial fibrillation (AF), and heart failure (HF) …

Strategies To Improve Timeliness For Cleaning Inpatient Rooms Following Patient Discharge, Lora Dixon, Mark Parker, Ruth Hanselman, Suneela Nayak, Amy Sparks

Operations Transformation

STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE TIME FRAME FOR CLEANING INPATIENT ROOMS BY ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

In an inpatient rehab hospital, it was noted that Environmental Services (EVS) was delayed in cleaning rooms between patient discharges and admissions. This resulted in the frequent use of a “stat clean” order that allows only 50% of the normal cleaning time , forcing patients to wait and impacting patient flow.

A root cause analysis demonstrated lack of communication between the rehab hospital and the contracted cleaning services. A number of counter measures were initiated with the goal that cleaning would be started within 20 minutes of …

Geriatric Emergency Department Innovations: Transitional Care Nurses And Hospital Use, Ula Hwang, Scott M. Dresden, Mark S. Rosenberg, Melissa M. Garrido, George Loo, Jeremy Sze, Stephanie Gravenor, Lynne D. Richardson, Gedi Wise Investigators

NYMC Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of an emergency department (ED)-based transitional care nurse (TCN) on hospital use. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort. SETTING: Three U.S. (NY, IL, NJ) EDs from January 1, 2013, to June 30, 2015. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 65 and older in the ED (N = 57,287). INTERVENTION: The intervention was first TCN contact. Controls never saw a TCN during the study period. MEASUREMENTS: We examined sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with TCN use and outcomes. The primary outcome was inpatient admission during the index ED visit (admission on Day 0). Secondary outcomes included cumulative 30-day admission (any admission …

Intensive Care In Oncology: Admission And Outcomes In Adult Patients With Cancer, Surya John

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Background: Historically, patients with cancer have been perceived as poor candidates for ICU admission. General ICU admission criteria lists cancer patients as low priority in ICU admission depriving them of the care they rightfully deserve. The purpose of this literary synthesis was to examine ICU admission criteria, risk factors, and outcomes of ICU admission in relation to hematological and solid tumor cancers and discuss ways that practitioners and nurses can educate patients with cancer and their families on appropriateness of ICU care.

Methods: A total of 768 articles were found in a literature search including all literature from 2005 to …

Daily Surveillance With Early Warning Scores Help Predicthospital Mortality In Medical Wards, Mi̇ne Durusu Tanriöver, Burçi̇n Halaçli, Bi̇lgi̇n Sai̇t, Serpi̇l Öcal, Arzu Topeli̇

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To analyze the potency of a modified early warning score (EWS) to help predict hospital mortality when used for surveillance in nonacute medical wards. Materials and methods: Patients in internal medicine wards were prospectively recruited. First, highest, and last scores; and mean daily score recordings and values were recorded. Nurses calculated scores for each patient upon admission and every 4 h. The last score was the score before death, discharge, or transfer to another ward. The highest scores in total and for each single parameter were used for analysis. Results: Fifty-nine percent of 182 recruited patients had recordings eligible …

Outcome Analysis And Quality Improvement For Inter-Hospital Transfers Of Pediatric, Carma Lynn Tobiassen

Doctoral Projects

Pediatric patients who initially present to a community hospital setting can be adequately cared for the majority of the time, in the emergency department (ED), on the pediatric ward (PEDS), and the post anesthesia care unit (PACU). When a pediatric patient is in need of specialized care or is decompensating and becomes critically ill, initial medical stabilization is required and the identification of a critical care bed and admitting physician are needed in a timely manner. Inter-hospital transfers (IHT) of pediatric patients are frequent occurrences, as more and more areas are consolidating their resources and Pediatric Intensive Care beds are …

Gamsat: A 10-Year Retrospective Overview, With Detailed Analysis Of Candidates¿ Performance In 2014, Annette Mercer, Brendan Crotty, Louise Alldridge, Luc Le, Veronica Vele

Dr Luc Tu Le

Background: The Graduate Australian Medical Schools Admission Test (GAMSAT) is undertaken annually in centres around Australia and a small number of overseas locations. Most Australian graduate entry medical schools also use Grade Point Average and interview score for selection. The aim of this study was to review the performance of the GAMSAT over the last 10 years; the study provides an analysis of the impact of candidates’ gender, age, language background, level of academic qualification and background discipline on performance; and details on the performance of higher-scoring candidates. These analyses were undertaken on the 2014 data; and trends in the …

Using Computer Simulation To Study Hospital Admission And Discharge Processes, Edwin S. Kim

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

Hospitals around the country are struggling to provide timely access to inpatient beds. We use discrete event simulation to study the inpatient admission and discharge processes in US hospitals. Demand for inpatient beds comes from two sources: the Emergency Department (ED) and elective surgeries (NonED). Bed request and discharge rates vary from hour to hour; furthermore, weekday demand is different from weekend demand. We use empirically collected data from national and local (Massachusetts) sources on different-sized community and referral hospitals, demand rates for ED and NonED patients, patient length of stay (LOS), and bed turnover times to calibrate our discrete …

Students Coached For An Admission Test Perform Less Well Throughout A Medical Course, B Griffin, N D. Yeomans, I G. Wilson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background:  Undertaking commercial coaching to improve one's chance of selection into medical school is widespread. Although its effect on selection test performance appears to be relatively minimal, its impact on the predictive validity of the tests is unknown.

Aims To examine whether commercial coaching for the Undergraduate Medical and Health Sciences Admissions Test (UMAT) changes its ability to predict the subsequent academic performance of medical students.

Methods:  The first two cohorts to enrol in a new Australian medical school provided information at the time of their selection interview about whether or not they had undertaken a commercial coaching course to …

Does Practice Make Perfect? The Effect Of Coaching And Retesting On Selection Tests Used For Admission To An Australian Medical School, Barbara Griffin, David Harding, Ian Wilson, Neville Yeomans

Ian G Wilson

Objective: To assess the practice effects from coaching on the Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test (UMAT), and the effect of both coaching and repeat testing on the Multiple Mini Interview (MMI). Design, setting and participants: Observational study based on a self-report survey of a cohort of 287 applicants for entry in 2008 to the new School of Medicine at the University of Western Sydney. Participants were asked about whether they had attended UMAT coaching or previous medical school interviews, and about their perceptions of the relative value of UMAT coaching, attending other interviews or having a “practice run” …

"American Examples For German Universities: Admitting Women Before World War I", Charles E. Mcclelland

History Faculty Publications

Women were not allowed to enroll a regular students in Prussian universities until 1909, although most other German states had already changed this policy. This chapter analyzes the terms of controversy swirling around the issue, and how American university policies ultimately helped bring about the change.

Admission Systems To Dental School In Europe: A Closer Look At Flanders, Tine Buyse, Filip Lievens, L. Martens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Dental education in Europe faces enormous challenges. One deals with the admission to dental school. Although admission procedures vary considerably across Europe, a characteristic of some systems is that the same procedure is used across students who will ultimately pursue different majors (medical or dental). This is based on the assumptions that there is no significant difference in these students' scores and that the requirements for medicine and dentistry are equal. This study examines these assumptions in the admission exam 'Medical and Dental Studies' in Flanders. Students who pass may choose whether they start medical or dental education. Over an …

Admission Criteria And Subsequent Academic Performance Of General Nursing Diploma Students, Parveen Azam Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between admission criteria used to select students and their subsequent academic performance in general nursing diploma Programme in the province of Sindh.

METHODS: Using a descriptive co-relational study design, data was collected retrospectively from records of the entire nursing student population of the batch of 2004. Using multiple linear regression analysis method, three regression models were developed to identify the group of variables that could predict academic performance of the students in the three-year general nursing diploma programme.

RESULTS: Results identified a significant relationship between admission criteria and subsequent academic performance of the students in …