Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Psychological Burden Of Nmosd - A Mixed Method Study Of Patients And Caregivers, Darcy C. Esiason, Nicole Ciesinski, Chelsi N. Nurse, Wendy Erler, Tom Hattrich, Ankita Deshpande, C. Virginia O'Hayer

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system with common symptoms of rapid onset of eye pain, loss of vision, neck/back pain, paralysis, bowel and bladder dysfunction and heat sensitivity. The rare, unpredictable, and debilitating nature of NMOSD constitutes a unique psychological burden for patients and their caregivers, the specific nature and extent of which is not yet known. This mixed methods study, informed by both quantitative and qualitative data collected via self-report measures, focus groups, and in-depth interviews, aims to investigate and understand the psychological burden of patients with NMOSD and their caregiver/loved …

Examining Menstrual Health Experiences In Philadelphia, Pa: A Qualitative Investigation, Allison Casola, Oriana Pando, Lynette Medley, Brianna Kunes, Nya Mcglone, Olivia Rea

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: While menstruation is a physiologic process, it remains highly stigmatized. Despite the sheer number of menstruators, menstruation is a highly individualized experience, with wide variation in duration, symptoms, and management. This wide variability lends itself to large disparities in access to menstruation management products and subsequently the lived experience of menstruators.

OBJECTIVES: The research team sought to understand lived menstrual experiences, symptoms, management tactics, and commonly used and desired resources among 20 cisgendered women aged 18-45 years in Philadelphia.

DESIGN: This project was a qualitative research study.

METHODS: We used a collaborative, community-based participatory research approach with No More …

Targeting Of Mediator Kinases For Cancer Therapy And Resistance Prevention, Zachary Thomas Mack

Theses and Dissertations

Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers make up 70% of all breast cancer incidences in the US. Cell cycle progression of ER-positive breast cancer is highly dependent on cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4 and 6, the G1/S checkpoint kinases. Inhibitors of CDK4/6 have become a major addition to the clinical arsenal against ER-positive breast cancers. CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib (IBRANCETM) has been approved for the treatment of ER-positive breast cancers. However, palbociclib treatment eventually fails due to the development of resistance. Laboratory studies revealed several diverse mechanisms of palbociclib resistance, making universal re-sensitization difficult to achieve. However, prevention of the adaptive process that …

Adaptation In The Sensory Cortex Drives Bistable Switching During Auditory Stream Segregation, Nathan C. Higgins, Alexandra N. Scurry, Fang Jiang, David F. Little, Mounya Elhilali, Joel S. Snyder

Psychology Faculty Research

Current theories of perception emphasize the role of neural adaptation, inhibitory competition, and noise as key components that lead to switches in perception. Supporting evidence comes from neurophysiological findings of specific neural signatures in modality-specific and supramodal brain areas that appear to be critical to switches in perception. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study brain activity around the time of switches in perception while participants listened to a bistable auditory stream segregation stimulus, which can be heard as one integrated stream of tones or two segregated streams of tones. The auditory thalamus showed more activity around the time …

Effects Of Time-Restricted Exercise On Training Induced Adaptations In Mice, Graham R. Mcginnis, Michael Dial, Elias M. Malek, Greco Neblina, Austin Cooper

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Recent studies have shown that the time of day that exercise is performed can alter the physiological and molecular response. However, very few studies have investigated the longitudinal effects of time-of-day dependent training. Identification of an optimal exercise timing could lead to subsequent exercise prescriptions to elicit specific adaptations based on desired outcomes in healthy or disease populations.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if voluntary exercise performed at different times of day would alter the physiological response to training. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice (Jackson Labs) housed on a strict 12:12 light dark cycle performed …

Contributions Of Asymmetry And Instability To Transfer And Retention Following Locomotor Adaptation, Daniel L. Gregory

Doctoral Dissertations

Gait asymmetry resulting from neurological injury is more costly and less stable than healthy gait. Split-belt treadmills, which drive limbs at different speeds, lead to spatial and temporal gait asymmetries, and perturb walking balance, have been used to study locomotor adaptability and learning related to asymmetry and stability. This knowledge may be leveraged to design more effective rehabilitation protocols. In experiment 1, we asked how constraining stride-rates away from preferred during split-belt walking influences learning revealed in a retention test. We found that constraints to stride rate during asymmetric walking uncovered the capacity to leverage redundant degrees-of-freedom for walking control, …

Motor Learning By Observing The Movements Of A Computer-Animated, Human-Like Actor And A Non-Limb Observational Video, Mudia Iyayi

Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference

Our project is looking at the phenomenon of observational motor learning using a two-joint robotic manipulandum (robotic arm). When someone learns a new motor skill (i.e. throwing a football to a wide receiver) the brain must make and map an internal model of the forces required for that movement. The plasticity of the brain in constructing these representations is termed “motor learning” and can occur through physical practice or—for the purposes of our investigation—observation. Previous studies have used videos of human actors learning new skills to drive motor learning in the observer, however, it is not known what components of …

Adaption, Retention, And Readaptation Strategies For Unfamiliar Leka (Lower-Extremity Knee Angles), Leea M. Perry

Honors Capstones

This capstone aimed to look into individuals’ abilities to adapt, retain, and readapt a newly-provided, typically over-exaggerated, goal knee angle for their right leg based upon feedback received and accuracy of examined gait pattern. Research was carried out using individuals aged 18-25, looking at the potential of “learning” per say, a new pattern for their rather instinctual previously formed habits for walking. Knee angle, both baseline and individuals’ attempts at goal angle, were measured with a knee brace worn throughout data collection. Participants for this study were blind in terms of what their goal LEKA (lower-extremity knee angle) was. The …

The Lived Experience Of Older Adults With Visual Impairments And Their Integration Into Social And Recreational Activities In The Long-Term Care Setting: A Phenomenological Study, Julie Ann Conboy Russo

Theses & Dissertations

The prevalence of vision loss in the elderly is high. Visual impairment in long-term care (LTC) settings may be a barrier to fully interacting in therapeutic recreational and social activities. Living with visual barriers may hamper safety (i.e., fear of falling and navigating in unfamiliar settings); cognitive ability; and participation in activities leading to isolation, depression, and loss of self-esteem. Decreased stimulation may affect one’s overall happiness and quality of life. A qualitative phenomenological design was followed to capture the lived experience of older adults with visual impairments living in LTC settings and their integration into social and recreational activities …

Epistemic Beliefs: Relationship To Future Expectancies And Quality Of Life In Cancer Patients., Paul K J Han, Elizabeth Scharnetzki, Eric Anderson, John Dipalazzo, Tania D Strout, Caitlin Gutheil, F Lee Lucas, Emily A Edelman, Jens Rueter

Faculty Research 2022

CONTEXT: Expectations about the future (future expectancies) are important determinants of psychological well-being among cancer patients, but the strategies patients use to maintain positive and cope with negative expectancies are incompletely understood.

OBJECTIVES: To obtain preliminary evidence on the potential role of one strategy for managing future expectancies: the adoption of "epistemic beliefs" in fundamental limits to medical knowledge.

METHODS: A sample of 1307 primarily advanced-stage cancer patients participating in a genomic tumor testing study in community oncology practices completed measures of epistemic beliefs, positive future expectancies, and mental and physical health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Descriptive and linear regression …

Psychometric Properties And Validation Of The Polish Adaptation Of The Trait Sport-Confidence Inventory(Tsci-Pl), Zuzanna Gazdowska, Dariusz Parzelski, Robin Vealey

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The purpose of the study was to validate and adapt the Trait Sport-Confidence Inventory (TSCI-PL) for use in Poland. Robin Vealey created the original tool (TSCI), which consisted of 13 self-assessment items. The phases of the adaptation procedures are described in this paper. Material/Methods: 353 amateur and professional Polish athletes took part in the study. The participants filled in the TSCI-PL, SSCQ-PL and MSEI questionnaires as well as a short demographic survey. Results: Reliability of the TSCI-PL as well as the discriminatory power of the items turned out to be high. The internal validity of the TSCI-PL was confirmed …

The Impact Of Creative Arts On Meaning Reconstruction And Loss Adaptation In Widowed Adults, Dani Baker-Cole

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

In counseling, helping grieving clients find meaning after significant loss is a unique, multidimensional, and lengthy process. This is particularly true in Western societies, where antithetical linear grief models, supported by hegemonic expectations to move on after loss, add exhausting pressure to speed up an individual’s natural grieving process. For that reason, this study examined how creative arts interventions such as using traditional art media and expressive writing, combined with postmodern, nonlinear, culturally sensitive bereavement models, help individuals explore their loss narrative to make meaning and adapt to loss. Specifically, this study examined the impact of a switch from traditional …

Means Of Training And Monitoring And Methods Of Endurance Development Of Female Handball Players, Shoislom Kallibaevich Pavlov

Eurasian Journal of Sport Science

Purpose: Development and control of endurance of handball players by studying modern innovative tools and methods of endurance development, as well as improving the effectiveness of endurance training.

Methods: The following techniques are used to train endurance: The technique of evenly performed exercises is used in the training of general endurance. This method is used during training to prepare for maximum continuous training, which is performed regularly with a pulse of no more than 130 beats per minute. In most cases, recovery performed in an evenly executed exercise style can be considered insufficient. Alternating exercise styles are used to improve …

Fusion And Beyond: Satellite Cell Contributions To Loading-Induced Skeletal Muscle Adaptation, Kevin A. Murach, Christopher S. Fry, Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden, John J. Mccarthy, Charlotte A. Peterson

Center for Muscle Biology Faculty Publications

Satellite cells support adult skeletal muscle fiber adaptations to loading in numerous ways. The fusion of satellite cells, driven by cell-autonomous and/or extrinsic factors, contributes new myonuclei to muscle fibers, associates with load-induced hypertrophy, and may support focal membrane damage repair and long-term myonuclear transcriptional output. Recent studies have also revealed that satellite cells communicate within their niche to mediate muscle remodeling in response to resistance exercise, regulating the activity of numerous cell types through various mechanisms such as secretory signaling and cell–cell contact. Muscular adaptation to resistance and endurance activity can be initiated and sustained for a period of …

Climate Impacts Associated With Reduced Diet Diversity In Children Across Nineteen Countries, Meredith T. Niles, Benjamin F. Emery, Serge Wiltshire, Molly E. Brown, Brendan Fisher, Taylor H. Ricketts

College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty Publications

It is widely anticipated that climate change will negatively affect both food security and diet diversity. Diet diversity is especially critical for children as it correlates with macro and micronutrient intake important for child development. Despite these anticipated links, little empirical evidence has demonstrated a relationship between diet diversity and climate change, especially across large datasets spanning multiple global regions and with more recent climate data. Here we use survey data from 19 countries and more than 107 000 children, coupled with 30 years of precipitation and temperature data, to explore the relationship of climate to child diet diversity while …

Administrative Law In A Time Of Crisis: Comparing National Responses To Covid-19, Cary Coglianese, Neysun A. Mahboubi

All Faculty Scholarship

Beginning in early 2020, countries around the world successively and then together faced the same rapidly emerging threats from the COVID-19 virus. The shared experience of this global pandemic affords scholars and policymakers a comparative lens through which to view how differences in countries’ governance structures and administrative responses affected their ability to manage the various crisis posed by the pandemic. This article introduces a special series of essays in the Administrative Law Review written by leading administrative law experts across the globe. Case studies focus on China, Chile, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States, as …

Heart Grows Fonder, Jasmine Saini

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

This painting was inspired by one patient’s mindfulness practice that he developed to cope with depression of a recent loved one’s death. Similar to my family of green thumbs, this patient found catharsis in cultivating his late wife’s garden of fruits and vegetables after her death. Through mental health practices such as meditation and exercise, a person has a chance to process and heal from difficult circumstances.

Internal Fit Of Lithium Disilicate And Resin Nano-Ceramic Endocrowns With Different Preparation Designs, Heba Darwish, Tarek Salah Morsi, Ayman Galal El Dimeery

Future Dental Journal

Purpose: Investigation of different central cavity designs on internal fit of endocrowns fabricated from two materials. Materials and methods: Forty maxillary premolars were endodontically treated and divided into 8 groups [n ¼ 5]: LS10, LS6, LD10, LD6, ES10, ES6, ED10 and ED6 (“L” restored with Lava™ Ultimate [resin nano ceramic], “E” restored with IPS e.max® CAD [lithium disilicate], “S” shallow depth [3 mm], “D” extended depth [5 mm], “6”-degree and “10”-degree axial wall divergence). All restorations were fabricated using CEREC CAD/CAM system. Samples were tested for internal fit using CBCT imaging (Next Generation i-CAT scanner) before and after adaptation. Data …

Understanding The Impact Of Social Distancing On Older Adults And Senior Organizations To Better Adapt Towards A New Normal, Salina Jivan

San Marcos, Summer 2020

COVID-19 brought about social distancing mandates that posed as a new barrier to meaningful social participation in the community. The purpose of this project was to understand the impact of social distancing on older adults and senior organizations to better inform the role of OT in helping seniors adapt towards a new normal within the community. A qualitative study and needs assessment were performed through phone interviews with seniors and organizations that support them from around the United States. Themes highlighted seniors desire for social contact and cautious return to the community once mandates are lifted. Both seniors and organizations …

A Systematic Review Of Interventions For Family Caregivers Who Care For Patients With Advanced Cancer At Home., Soojung Ahn, Rafael D. Romo, Cathy L. Campbell

Nursing | Faculty Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: To examine the characteristics of interventions to support family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer.

METHODS: Five databases (CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) were searched for English language articles of intervention studies utilizing randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental designs, reporting caregiver-related outcomes of interventions for family caregivers caring for patients with advanced cancer at home.

RESULTS: A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on these studies, the types of interventions were categorized into psychosocial, educational, or both. The characteristics of interventions varied. Most interventions demonstrated statistically significant results of reducing psychological …

Nutrient Timing: A Garage Door Of Opportunity?, Shawn M. Arent, Harry P. Cintineo, Bridget A. Mcfadden, Alexa Jenny Chandler, Michelle Angelique Arent

Faculty Publications

Nutrient timing involves manipulation of nutrient consumption at specific times in and around exercise bouts in an effort to improve performance, recovery, and adaptation. Its historical perspective centered on ingestion during exercise and grew to include pre- and post-training periods. As research continued, translational focus remained primarily on the impact and outcomes related to nutrient consumption during one specific time period to the exclusion of all others. Additionally, there seemed to be increasing emphasis on outcomes related to hypertrophy and strength at the expense of other potentially more impactful performance measures. As consumption of nutrients does not occur at only …

The Trait Repertoire Enabling Cyanobacteria To Bloom Assessed Through Comparative Genomic Complexity And Metatranscriptomics, Huansheng Cao, Yohei Shimura, Morgan M. Steffen, Zhou Yang, Jingrang Lu, Allen Joel, Landon Jenkins, Masanobu Kawachi, Yanbin Yin, Ferran Garcia-Pichel

Food for Health: Publications

Water bloom development due to eutrophication constitutes a case of niche specialization among planktonic cyanobacteria, but the genomic repertoire allowing bloom formation in only some species has not been fully characterized. We posited that the habitat relevance of a trait begets its underlying genomic complexity, so that traits within the repertoire would be differentially more complex in species successfully thriving in that habitat than in close species that cannot. To test this for the case of bloom-forming cyanobacteria, we curated 17 potentially relevant query metabolic pathways and five core pathways selected according to existing ecophysiological literature. The available 113 genomes …

Molecular Mechanisms Of Antimicrobial Resistance In Multi-Drug Resistant Enterococci, Ayesha Khan

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Antibiotic resistance is a major global public health threat. Enterococci are recalcitrant, nosocomial pathogens that can be intrinsically resistant to valuable antibiotics, like beta-lactams, or evolve resistance to all existing antimicrobials. The LiaFSR system regulates resistance to cell membrane (CM) stressors like daptomycin (DAP), a front-line drug for multi-drug resistant infections. DAP resistance (DAP-R) in E. faecalis is mediated by CM phospholipid alterations. Emergence of DAP-R often leads to b-lactam resensitization, a phenomenon called the seesaw effect. The molecular mechanism of DAP-R and the seesaw effect are unknown. Here we show that LiaX is a surface exposed protein whose C-terminal …

Home Assessment Modifications For Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder And Sensory Processing Disorder, Danielle Stelbasky

OTD Capstone Projects

Based off of the identified needs of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, the goals of this project were to investigate and implement modifications in homes due to specific challenges these individuals face. Coinciding with Tucker's House Agency mission and vision, and incorporating the PEO model as a guideline, Tucker's House staff and EC student created projects to enhance occupational performance in individuals with ASD by reducing environmental barriers in their home.

Kinematic And Acoustic Adaptation To A Bite Block During Syllable Production, Allison Marie Barney

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the current study was to gain a better understanding of speech adaptation by examining kinematic and acoustic adaptation to bite block perturbation over time. Fifteen native American English speakers (7 female, 8 male) with no history of speech, language, or hearing deficits participated in the study. Custom bite blocks were created for speakers which created a 10mm interincisal gap when inserted. Speakers produced five repetitions of the sentence, I say ahraw /ərɑ/ (as part of a larger set) prior to bite block insertion, immediately following bite block insertion, 2-mintues post insertion, 4-minutes post insertion, 6-minutes post insertion, …

Artificial Intelligence: A Diffusion Of Innovation View Of The Manufacturing And Health-Care Industries, William T. Rupp

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Evidence Of Increased Hypoxia Signaling In Fetal Liver From Maternal Nutrient Restriction In Mice., Bethany N Radford, Victor K M Han

Paediatrics Publications

BACKGROUND: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a pregnancy condition where fetal growth is reduced, and offspring from IUGR pregnancies are at increased risk for type II diabetes as adults. The liver is susceptible to fetal undernutrition experienced by IUGR infants and animal models of growth restriction. This study aimed to examine hepatic expression changes in a maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) mouse model of IUGR to understand fetal adaptations that influence adult metabolism.

METHODS: Liver samples of male offspring from MNR (70% of ad libitum starting at E6.5) or control pregnancies were obtained at E18.5 and differential expression was assessed by …

The Managemed Screening As A Tool For Discharge Planning, Manpreet Nijjar

OT Student Capstones

The ManageMed Screen was used as a tool for discharge planning from a post-acute rehab setting to reduce readmission rates. The goal was to identify barriers to medication adherence. Medication adherence is best explained as the extent to which patients follow the given instructions for prescribed medication.

Myd88 Regulates A Prolonged Adaptation Response To Environmental Dust Exposure-Induced Lung Disease, Amber N. Johnson, Jack R. Harkema, Amy J. Nelson, John D. Dickinson, Julianna Kalil, Michael J. Duryee, Geoffrey M. Thiele, Balawant Kumar, Amar B. Singh, Rohit Gaurav, Sarah C. Glover, Ying Tang, Debra J. Romberger, Tammy Kielian, Jill A. Poole

Journal Articles: Internal Medicine

BACKGROUND: Environmental organic dust exposures enriched in Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists can reduce allergic asthma development but are associated with occupational asthma and chronic bronchitis. The TLR adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor88 (MyD88) is fundamental in regulating acute inflammatory responses to organic dust extract (ODE), yet its role in repetitive exposures is unknown and could inform future strategies.

METHODS: Wild-type (WT) and MyD88 knockout (KO) mice were exposed intranasally to ODE or saline daily for 3 weeks (repetitive exposure). Repetitively exposed animals were also subsequently rested with no treatments for 4 weeks followed by single rechallenge with saline/ODE.

RESULTS: Repetitive …

Increased Fascicle Length But Not Patellar Tendon Stiffness After Accentuated Eccentric-Load Strength Training In Already-Trained Men, Simon Walker, Joanne Trezise, Guy Gregory Haff, Robert U. Newton, Keijo Häkkinen, Anthony J. Blazevich

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020, The Author(s). Purpose: This study examined whether additional external load during the eccentric phase of lower limb strength training exercises led to greater adaptations in knee extensor strength, muscle architecture, and patellar tendon properties than traditional concentric–eccentric training in already-trained men. Methods: Twenty-eight men accustomed to strength training were randomized to undertake 10 weeks of supervised traditional (TRAD) or accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) or continue their habitual unsupervised (CON) strength training. TRAD and AEL trained 2∙week−1 with a six-repetition maximum (RM) session and a ten-RM session. TRAD used the same external load in both concentric and eccentric phases, …