Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Comorbidity Of Drug And Alcohol Consumption In Relation To Mental Health Disorders, Sydney Dawson

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The constantly increasing use of drugs and alcohol in young adults has created great controversy in the medical community on the long-term effects of these substances. The average brain development of adolescence and young adults is not complete until the age of 25, though drug and alcohol intake occur across the United States at younger ages each year. Impulsive behavior and underdeveloped neural pathways create a strong pull for addiction formulations and the development of severe mental-health problems. This paper reviews the positive and negative effects of illicit drugs and alcohol intake and their comorbidity with mental health disorders. There …

Methamphetamine-Induced Changes In Myocardial Gene Transcription Are Sex-Dependent, Hasitha Chavva, Daniel A. Brazeau, James Denvir, Donald A. Primerano, Jun Fan, Sarah L. Seeley, Boyd R. Rorabaugh

Pharmaceutical Science and Research

Background: Prior work demonstrated that female rats (but not their male littermates) exposed to methamphetamine become hypersensitive to myocardial ischemic injury. Importantly, this sex-dependent effect persists following 30 days of subsequent abstinence from the drug, suggesting that it may be mediated by long term changes in gene expression that are not rapidly reversed following discontinuation of methamphetamine use. The goal of the present study was to determine whether methamphetamine induces sex-dependent changes in myocardial gene expression and whether these changes persist following subsequent abstinence from methamphetamine.

Results: Methamphetamine induced changes in the myocardial transcriptome were significantly greater in female hearts …

Association Of Electronic Prescription In Controlled Substances Used, Archana Suwal, Jemima Akinyi Okonjo

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: Controlled substances have been described as pharmaceuticals or illegal medicines that act primarily on the central nervous system and could cause physical and mental dependence, eventually leading to addiction. Prescription opioids were a significant contributor to the opioid epidemic, accounting for more than 70,000 opioid-related overdose deaths, including illicit and prescription opioids, between 2018 and 2019. The Electronic Prescriptions for Controlled Substances (EPCS) initiative recently aimed to reduce rates of prescription opioid addiction, abuse, diversion, and death. The system for controlled substances had become more widely used as providers and governments trying to combat the opioid problem. Because …

Hiv-1 Tat And Morphine Differentially Disrupt Pyramidal Cell Structure And Function And Spatial Learning In Hippocampal Area Ca1: Continuous Versus Interrupted Morphine Exposure, William D. Marks, Jason J. Paris, Aaron J. Barbour, Jean Moon

Faculty and Student Publications

About half the people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have neurocognitive deficits that often include memory impairment and hippocampal deficits, which can be exacerbated by opioid abuse. To explore the effects of opioids and HIV on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron structure and function, we induced HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) expression in transgenic mice for 14 d and co-administered time-release morphine or vehicle subcutaneous implants during the final 5 d (days 9–14) to establish steady-state morphine levels. Morphine was withheld from some ex vivo slices during recordings to begin to assess the initial pharmacokinetic consequences of opioid withdrawal. Tat …

Modified Quechers In Blood Sample Preparation For Drug Abuse Determination By Lc-Ms/Ms, Bundhita Boonchaleaw, Nat Tansrisawad, Udomsak Hoonwijit

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) becomes a common technique in the routine forensic toxicological analysis because of its accurate result. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) are the sample preparation methods having disadvantages from time-consuming and using a high quantity of harmful substances. Therefore, modified QuEChERS has been developed for routine toxicological laboratory for simpler sample preparation that could save time and decrease the use of toxic solvent for routine laboratory.Objective: To validate the modified QuEChERS technique for the blood sample preparation and to determine drug abuse in the blood sample using LC-MS/MS.Methods: Amphetamine, methadone, midazolam, morphine and …