Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Increasing Referrals To School Counselors By Integrating An Evidence-Based Program For Educators Identifying Adolescents At Risk For Suicide In A Rural High School, Wendy Holloway

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Background: Addressing suicide in America's youth is imperative. Teachers play an essential role in identifying and intervening with adolescents experiencing psychological distress leading to suicide. Teachers and staff lack professional development addressing the identification of students in psychological distress.

Purpose: This project aimed to increase referrals to school counselors by integrating an evidence-based program for educators identifying adolescents at risk for suicide in a rural high school.

Design Method: This was a quantitative quality improvement project with a pre-/post-test design. Additionally, referrals to the school guidance counselors before implementing the program and after the completion of the program were …

A Quality Improvement Initiative: Combination Oral Contraception And Counseling For Sexually Active Adolescent Girls 12-18 Years Old, Angelica Del Toro

Cohort IX

According to the 2016 “U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use” and the “U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use,” published by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO), sexually active adolescents benefit from oral contraception and counseling from their primary care practitioners, as they already have an existing relationship. As a family nurse practitioner, I could provide an initial assessment and prescribe the appropriate contraceptive instead of referring them to a gynecologist.

I learned this in my practice during a 10-day reflective practice log. After a literature review and several supporting articles, I received …

Substance Use Disorder And Risk Behaviors Among Secondary School Adolescents In A Rural Area In Egypt, Hala M. Shaheen, Safaa A. Amin, Samar M. Abu Elsoud

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective The aim was to sssess prevalence of substance use and the associated risky behaviors among adolescents. Background Adolescents often engage in risky behaviors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, using drugs, and early unprotected sex. When adolescents take one risk, they also tend to take other risks. Participants and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the context of time frame of 19 months. Sample size was 140 secondary schools adolescents, from two schools in a rural village academic year 2017–2018. Participants were randomly selected and assessed for substance use and risky behaviors using a predesigned questionnaire. Results Prevalence of …

Temporal Trends In Suicidal Ideation And Attempts Among Us Adolescents By Sex And Race/Ethnicity, 1991-2019, Yunyu Xiao, Julie Cerel, J. John Mann

Social Work Faculty Publications

Importance: Disparities by sex and racial/ethnic group in suicide death rates are present in US adolescents. Whether disparities in suicide death extend to groups targeted for suicide prevention efforts, namely, those with suicidal ideation or nonfatal suicide attempts, is unknown.

Objective: To examine differences in temporal trends between suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in US adolescents from 1991 through 2019 by sex and race/ethnicity subgroups.

Design, Setting, and Participants: A cross-sectional analysis of the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, weighted to represent US adolescents from 1991 to 2019, included 183 563 US high-school students in grades 9 to 12. Data …

Inequalities In Early Marriage, Childbearing And Sexual Debut Among Adolescents In Sub-Saharan Africa, Dessalegn Y. Melesse, Réka M. Cane, Aveneni Mangombe, Macellina Y. Ijadunola, Adom Manu, Eniola Bamgboye, Abdu Mohiddin, Rornald M. Kananura, Elsie Akwara, Elsabé Du Plessis

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) is a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, inequalities in ASRH have received less attention than many other public health priority areas, in part due to limited data. In this study, we examine inequalities in key ASRH indicators.

Methods: We analyzed national household surveys from 37 countries in SSA, conducted during 1990–2018, to exam- ine trends and inequalities in adolescent behaviors related to early marriage, childbearing and sexual debut among adolescents using data from respondents 15–24 years. Survival analyses were conducted on each survey to obtain estimates for …

Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Opioid Use For Adolescents At Us Emergency Departments, Michael T. Phan, Daniel M. Tomaszewski, Cody Arbuckle, Sun Yang, Candice D. Donaldson, Michelle A. Fortier, Brooke Jenkins, Erik Linstead, Zeev N. Kain

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Racial/ethnic disparities in the use of opioids to treat pain disorders have been previously reported in the emergency department (ED). Further research is needed to better evaluate the impact race/ethnicity may have on the use of opioids in adolescents for the management of pain disorders in the ED.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study using data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2006 to 2016. Multivariate models were used to evaluate the role of race/ethnicity in the receipt of opioid agonists while in the ED. All ED visits with patients aged 11–21 years old were analyzed. …

Serum Micronutrient Status, Sleep Quality And Neurobehavioral Function Among Early Adolescents, Xiaopeng Ji, Charlene W. Compher, Sharon Y. Irving, Jinyoung Kim, David F. Dinges, Jianghong Liu

Nursing Faculty Publications

Objective: To examine associations between serum micronutrients and neurobehavioral function and the mediating role of sleep quality in early adolescents. Design: In this cross-sectional study, peripheral blood samples were analyzed for iron and zinc levels. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery were used to assess sleep quality and neurobehavioral function, respectively. The generalized linear regressions (bootstrap) were performed to estimate the associations. Setting: Jintan, China Participants: 226 adolescents (106 females) from the Jintan Child Cohort study. Results: Adolescents with low iron (< 75 ug/dl) (OR=1.29, p=0.04) and low zinc (< 70 ug/dl) (OR=1.58, p0.05). Conclusion: Iron and zinc deficiencies may possibly be associated with poor sleep and neurobehavioral function among early adolescents. Poor sleep may partially mediate the relationship between micronutrients and neurobehavioral function.

Mental Health And The Impact Of Friendship, Ian Adkins

WRIT: Journal of First-Year Writing

Mental health issues are a very large problem in the United States today. For a long time, mental health issues were ignored and not even seen as something worth looking into or studying, let alone being a real medical condition. When they finally started to come to light, they were only associated with adults. In the United States, children’s mental health issues were largely ignored. It has only been recently that mental health in adolescents is being addressed, and phycologist and scientists are finding important information about how friendships can impact the way these at-risk adolescents deal with mental health …

Development Of An Ehealth Harm Reduction Resource To Address Opioid Use Among Youth In Rural Northern California, Carolyn Perrotti Lake

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects

Problem: Opioid use and misuse is a leading cause of injury and death among adolescents and young adults in the United States, with a three-fold increase in opioid overdoses since 2000 (Carney et al., 2018; Hudgins et al., 2019). Opioid misuse correlates with misuse of other substances, which exponentially increases health risks over time. The most effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) among adolescence is through effective prevention interventions that either prevent the development of the OUD or enable timely diagnosis and treatment in order to prevent poor health outcomes.

Context: The use of eHealth technology, which has …

Age At First Alcohol Use And Weapon Carrying Among Adolescents: Findings From The 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, Philip Baiden, Nusrat Jahan, Henry K. Onyeaka, Shawndaya Thrasher, Savarra Tadeo, Erin Findley

Social Work Graduate Research

Background
Although studies have investigated the association between alcohol use and violent behaviors such as weapon carrying, few studies have examined the association between age at first alcohol use and weapon-carrying among adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between age at first alcohol use and weapon carrying among adolescents.

Methods
Data for this study came from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. An analytic sample of 13,442 adolescents aged 14–18 years old (51% female) was analyzed using binary logistic regression. The outcome variable investigated in this study was weapon carrying during the past 30 days, …

The Relationships Between Stress, Psychosocial Resources, And Mental Health And Adherence Outcomes Among Perinatally Hiv-Infected Adolescents In South Africa, Thabani Nyoni

Brown School Theses and Dissertations

Adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV (APHs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) constitute a significant population group that is experiencing poor HIV treatment outcomes (CIPHER Global Cohort Collaboration, 2018). Compared to younger children and older adults within the SSA sub-region, APHs experience poorer health outcomes, including retention in care, virologic treatment failure, and mortality rates (Anderson et al., 2019). Among countries in the SSA sub-region, South Africa has 360,000 adolescents living with HIV (ages 10-19), a disproportionate burden, accounting for 20% of the global adolescents living with HIV (UNAIDS, 2019a). The public health costs of suboptimal antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence in …

Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavior Therapy: An Implementation To Treat Trauma-Related Symptoms Of A Teenage African American Male, Willie Borkai

Professional Impact Project: Implementation of Evidence Based Practices by Clinical Mental Health Counseling Graduate Students

Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavior Therapy (TF-CBT) is a widely used evidence-based treatment model for trauma-exposed children and adolescents. TF-CBT was implemented to treat a teenager with behavioral issues and lack of communication with family. This client was fit for TF-CBT as his trauma was stemmed from traumatic events from his biological father. The client has undergone some of the components of TF-CBT and has a better understanding of the impact of these traumatic events. No outcomes of the intervention. The client is still undergoing treatment.

You Are What You Think: The Impacts Of Body Weight Perception In Young Adolescent Women, Olivia Ceja

DNP Qualifying Manuscripts

While research suggests a multifactorial array of contributors to adolescent obesity including lack of physical activity, dietary behaviors, psychosocial factors including the perception of being overweight and body dissatisfaction have been more recently associated with unhealthy weights, unhealthy behaviors and amplified risk of obesity. At an all girl’s private college preparatory middle and high school in Los Angeles, amid a competitive and rigorous academic environment, students face additional pressure to succeed and strive for perfection. Although body weight perception can be used to identify students who are at risk for eating disorders at the middle and high school levels, the …

Mental Health Resources For The Pediatric And Adolescent Populations In The Rural Setting, Devon Shafer, Kyle Aldridge, Amy Lilly

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a mainstay of treatment for problems such as anxiety and depression. However, access to this form of psychotherapy treatment is limited in rural areas, especially in pediatrics. The purpose of this project was to increase access to CBT through the use of smart phone CBT applications for patients at one rural midwest pediatric clinic. An extensive literature review revealed that mobile cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) applications can be an effective option for adjunct therapy when provider access is limited. Two CBT mobile applications were selected for the project and training was provided to clinic providers. …

Home And Neighborhood Physical Activity Location Availability Among African American Adolescent Girls Living In Low-Income, Urban Communities: Associations With Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Nicole O'Reilly

Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Based on the ecological model of active living, the neighborhood environment may relate to individual physical activity (PA) behaviors. The purposes of this study were to (1) generate a replicable neighborhood-level physical activity location availability score (PALAS) from data variables associated with physical activity among adolescents and adults, and apply this score to Baltimore City, Maryland, and (2) determine if relationships exist between PA and PA location availability. Geographic information systems (GISs) were used to create the PALAS. Using linear regression models, we examined relations between objectively measured PA among low-income, urban, predominantly African American adolescent girls (n = …

Child Maltreatment And Neglect In The United Arab Emirates And Relationship With Low Self-Esteem And Symptoms Of Depression, Syed M. Shah, Gul Nowshad, Fatima Al Dhaheri, Mariam H. Al-Shamsi, Alfan M. Al-Ketbi, Alaa Galadari, Priyam Joshi, Heba Bendak, Michal Grivna, Danilo Arnone

Department of Family Medicine

Objectives: To our knowledge, this study is the first in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to investigate the prevalence of child maltreatment in relation to depressive symptoms and self-esteem.
Study design: Exposure to physical maltreatment, emotional abuse and neglect was evaluated in 518 adolescents (86% response rate) randomly selected from schools in Al Ain in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to measure self-esteem and depressive symptoms by using multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results: The mean age of study participants was 14.3 years. Emotional abuse was the most frequent form …

Knowledge And Beliefs Of Adolescents About Acne: Baseline And Post-Intervention Assessments Using An Interactive Educational Tool, Mohammed Mehanna, May Saab

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin condition affecting teenagers around the globe. Lack of knowledge and false beliefs about acne are factors contributing to non-adherence to acne treatment that would result in treatment failure. Since acne is a highly prevalent skin condition in Lebanon, educating Lebanese adolescents about acne is vital to achieve a better treatment outcome. The aim of the present study is to assess the baseline knowledge of a sample of Lebanese adolescents using a self-administered questionnaire, and increase the level through an educational intervention (interactive audio-visual presentation). The knowledge score was assessed before and after the …

Adherence To Mediterranean Diet Among Adolescents Attending Public Schools In North Lebanon, Rosy Mitri, Fouad Ziade

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a model of a healthy diet and healthy lifestyle. Adherence to the MD has been correlated with a reduction in many metabolic disorders including cancers. The factors associated with adolescents’ adherence to the MD in North Lebanon using the KIDMED index have never been explored. The objective of this study was to examine the factors associated with the Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence among a sample of Lebanese adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the city of Tripoli, North Lebanon. A total of 298 students, aged 11-18 years, were randomly selected from public schools in …

Effectiveness Of An Online Intervention Combating Mental Health Stigma On Adolescent Help-Seeking Behaviors, Chelsea Krayecki

Counselor Education Capstones

Mental health stigma has been shown to be a barrier to seeking help for mental health concerns. This is especially true for adolescents due to important developmental characteristics. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2021), depression is one of the major causes of mental health concerns and disability among adolescents. In addition, the WHO (2021) also states that mental health conditions account for 16% of global burden of illness in people ages 10-19-years-old. The current pandemic has only increased these concerns, as social, emotional, and mental well-being has been impacted by the pandemic (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, …

Recommendations For Perioperative Care Of Adolescents At Risk For Suicide, Rachelle Huber Dustin Rn, Bsn, Blaine A. Winters Dnp, Acnp-Bc

Student Works

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death for the adolescent population, and as such, should be addressed when adolescents have any contact with the healthcare system, including perioperative appointments. Although some surgical facilities screen patients with a history of suicide attempt or severe mental health conditions, many adolescents who have died by suicide do not have official mental health diagnoses or history of previous suicide attempt. Because of the impact surgery can have on mental health, each adolescent should be screened for suicide risk during pre-surgical consult appointments to assess suicide risk and take proper precautions, as needed. …

Study Of The Perception And Practices Among Adolescents Regarding The Consumption Of Ultra-Processed Foods And Its Association With Lifestyle Diseases., Rajesh Sm

Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Smart Brain Of India Vs. Tricky Drugs, Rashmii K.S.

Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Long-Term Impacts Of Acute Stressor Exposure On Locus Coeruleus Function And Anxiety-Like Behavior In Rats, Olga Borodovitsyna

Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations

Stress is a physiological state characterized by behavioral arousal that occurs during exposure to harmful or threatening stimuli, and usually facilitates an adaptive behavioral response. The persistence of stress sometimes causes it to become maladaptive, potentially contributing to disease development, including physiological complications with altered neuroendocrine signaling and impaired function of organ systems, and psychological conditions including depression and anxiety. Anxiety disorders in particular are associated with a history of stress and are the most common class of mental disorders, with a lifetime prevalence of 33.7% in the general population. The locus coeruleus (LC) is a major node in the …

Improving Adolescent Risk Assessment And Provider Follow-Up In Primary Care, Darby R. Disselkoen

Doctoral Projects

Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to improve preventive care for adolescent patients by implementing standardized, routine screening for risk-taking behaviors and improving provider response to identified risks using the Rapid Assessment for Adolescent Preventive Services tool and resources for providers to reference during discussions about risk.

Methods: Quality improvement methodology was utilized at a midwestern pediatric primary care office to implement a practice workflow for staff to follow during annual, adolescent wellchild exams beginning at age thirteen.

Results: Analysis of project results demonstrated a significant increase in routine screening for adolescent risk behaviors compared to the …

Neuropsychological Assessment And Self-Reported Behavioral Outcomes In Children And Adolescents With Turner Syndrome, Fiona Fimmel, Roopa Kanakatti Shankar

GW Research Showcase 2021-2024

No abstract provided.

Mental Health Of Children And Adolescents Amidst Covid-19 And Past Pandemics: A Rapid Systematic Review, Salima Meherali, Neelam Punjani, Samantha Louie-Poon, Komal Abdul Rahim, Jai K. Das, Rehana A. Salam, Zohra S. Lassi

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: The COVID‑19 pandemic and associated public health measures have disrupted the lives of people around the world. It is already evident that the direct and indirect psychological and social effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic are insidious and affect the mental health of young children and adolescents now and will in the future. The aim and objectives of this knowledge-synthesis study were to identify the impact of the pandemic on children's and adolescent's mental health and to evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions employed during previous and the current pandemic to promote children's and adolescents' mental health.
Methodology: We conducted …

Characterizing The Development And Trajectories Of Nicotine Dependence Among A Cohort Of Adolescent Waterpipe And Cigarette Smokers, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nicotine dependence (ND) is the fundamental reason that people persist in using tobacco products, which kill more than eight million people every year globally. So far, ND research has primarily focused on cigarettes, yet for many youths worldwide, tobacco use, and addiction is maintained by means other than the cigarette including waterpipe (WP) smoking (a.k.a. hookah). It is important to better understand the WP-associated ND trajectories given its unique use features that can influence ND development such as its time-consuming preparation and consumption, intermittent use, and strong sensory and social cues. Hence, using data from 8 waves (2015-2020) of the …

Prevalence Of Covid-19 In Adolescents And Youth Compared With Older Adults In States Experiencing Surges, Barbara Rumain, Moshe Schneiderman, Allan Geliebter

Touro Scholarly Works

Purpose

There has been considerable controversy regarding susceptibility of adolescents (10–19 years) and youth (15–24 years) to COVID-19. However, a number of studies have reported that adolescents are significantly less susceptible than older adults. Summer 2020 provided an opportunity to examine data on prevalence since after months of lockdowns, with the easing of restrictions, people were mingling, leading to surges in cases.

Methods

We examined data from Departments of Health websites in six U.S. states experiencing surges in cases to determine prevalence of COVID-19, and two prevalence-related measures, in adolescents and youth as compared to older adults. The two other …

Examining Criteria For Defining Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms In Children And Adolescents, Grant L. Iverson, Justin E. Karr, Bruce Maxwell, Ross Zafonte, Paul D. Berkner, Nathan E. Cook

Psychology Faculty Publications

Researchers operationalize persistent post-concussion symptoms in children and adolescents using varied definitions. Many pre-existing conditions, personal characteristics, and current health issues can affect symptom endorsement rates in the absence of, or in combination with, a recent concussion, and the use of varied definitions can lead to differences in conclusions about persistent symptoms and recovery across studies. This study examined how endorsement rates varied by 14 different operational definitions of persistent post-concussion symptoms for uninjured boys and girls with and without pre-existing or current health problems. This cross-sectional study included a large sample (age range: 11–18) of girls (n = …

Menstrual Management In Adolescent Transgender Males, Julia Eisenberg, Sarah Felleman, Benjamin Bear, Mph, Arielle Effron, Md, Anne Kazak, Phd, Abpp, Anthony Alioto, Phd, Evan Graber, Do, Vanessa Short, Phd, Mph, Meghan Gannon, Phd, Msph, Beth Schwartz, Md

Phase 1

Introduction: Gender dysphoria is associated with increased rates of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. There is anecdotal evidence that menstruation increases the occurrence of gender dysphoria in adolescent transgender males. We hypothesize that menses are distressing to transgender males and this population would benefit from menstrual management.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all transgender male patients seen in the Nemours Gender Wellness Program (GWP) and limited our population to those who have reached menarche. Data was extracted from the encounters at the GWP clinic and recorded in REDCap. We compared self-reported symptoms of gender dysphoria …