Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Health Disparities Surrounding Air Quality And Asthma, Carolina B. Nadal Medina

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Introduction: Asthma is a prevalent disease in the US in both children and adults. Studies in the past have found disparities in asthma prevalence among different races in the United States as well as between gender. Objective: Compare asthma prevalence among racial and ethnic groups in the us, as well as gender, in the United States in both children and adults in the years of 2011 and 2014. Additionally, to see if there is a correlation between air quality, measured in PM2.5mm, and asthma prevalence in different racial groups and genders in both children and adults. Methods: Asthma prevalence data …

Relationship Between Parent Asthma Knowledge, Parental Control Of Child's Asthma, And Parent Qol, Glori Sommerer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The long-term responsibility of caring for a child with asthma can result in parents

experiencing a lower quality of life (QoL), especially if the child's asthma is not well

controlled. Asthma knowledge can enhance asthma control practices among parents.

However, research has not explored these variables together to determine whether

parental control of child's asthma mediates the relationship between parent asthma

knowledge and parent QoL. This quantitative research study explored whether parental

control of child's asthma mediated the relationship between parent asthma knowledge

and parent QoL. The theoretical foundation was asthma self-regulation theory, focused

on the importance of asthma knowledge …

Increasing Staff Knowledge On Obesity In Pediatric Patients With Asthma, Oluwakemi Taiwo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Asthma is a chronic life-long lung disease that contributes to morbidity and mortality around the world. The increased prevalence of asthma, particularly in children who are obese, inadequate assessment of obesity in pediatric patients, and a gap in staff knowledge regarding the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) body mass index (BMI) percentiles resulted in a need for strategies to minimize this health concern. The purpose of this staff education project was to increase staff’s knowledge about identifying asthma patients who are clinically obese using the CDC BMI percentiles. The framework for the project was based on Knowles’s adult …

The Relationship Between Asthma, Race & Fine Particulate Matter In The United States, Samantha Mcknight

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: To assess how environment and race may impact childhood asthma prevalence. Methods: I analyzed data from CDC WONDER (www.wonder.cdc.gov). I performed descriptive statistics on average fine particulate matter for various states, as well as descriptive statistics on childhood asthma prevalence for various states. I determined if there was a correlation between states with higher prevalence of childhood asthma and states with higher levels of fine particulate matter using Pearson correlation. I used ANOVA with post hoc test to determine childhood asthma prevalence based on race/ ethnicity in the various states.

Results: The mean fine particulate matter in the 49 …

Cardiovascular Fitness And Muscle Strength In Asthmatic Children, Kaitlynne Pak

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength performance of children with asthma versus without.

Methods: Participants include patients who were involved in the 2012 NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey (NNYFS) as published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The average cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength scores will be appreciated by analyzing the averages of time spent on treadmill, maximal heart rate, heart rate at end of exam, recovery time, maximal endurance time, cardiovascular fitness report, upper body strength and lower body strength using two-tailed T-tests between patients with asthma …

Increasing Medication Compliance In Pediatric Asthma Patients By Implementing A Home Medication Dosing Chart, Lindsey K. Shader

DNP Projects

Background: There are 6.2 million children under the age of 18 years who have an asthma diagnosis (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). Only 60% of children ages 7-17 years with persistent asthma maintain their prescribed inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) controller medication regimen (Arnold, Bixenstine, Cheng, & Tschudy, 2018). The purpose of this paper is to discuss a practice inquiry project that incorporated the implementation of an asthma medication dosing chart to increase compliance in pediatric asthma patients.

Method: The quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design evaluated the daily use of a medication dosing chart, which was to serve as a physical reminder …

Effectiveness Of A School-Based Asthma Education Program For 8-10-Year-Old Children, Laura Hunt

DNP Projects

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic condition to affect children in the United States Five million children throughout the United States and approximately 112, 000 children in Kentucky are living with the diagnosis of asthma (CDC, 2017; CHFS, 2017). Based on current rates 1 out of 10 elementary school-age students will likely have asthma (CDC, 2019). Educating elementary-age students about asthma and symptoms of an asthma exacerbation is very important and could save a life.

Methods: A school-based asthma education program targeting children in third and fourth grades was implemented at two elementary schools in Central Kentucky. The asthma …

Trends Of Sensitization To Aeroallergens In Patients With Allergic Rhinitis And Asthma Inthe City Of Bursa, South Marmara Sea Region Of Turkey, Dane Edi̇ger, Fatma Esra Günaydin, Müge Erbay, Ümmühan Şeker

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are the most common allergic disorders worldwide. Aeroallergens are critical causative factors in the pathogenesis of these disorders and sensitization to aeroallergens differs in various countries and regions. Identification of the most common aeroallergen sensitization is crucial in the diagnosis and management of AR and asthma. We examined the distribution of aeroallergen sensitizations detected by skin prick tests (SPTs) in adult patients with AR and/or asthma in the city of Bursa. Materials and methods: Five hundred forty-five patients who underwent a SPT and were diagnosed with rhinitis and/or asthma in the Uludağ University Faculty …

A Qualitative Analysis Of Caregiver Goals For Urban Children With And Without Asthma, Megan M. Carlson

Theses and Dissertations

Pediatric asthma is a major public health concern that disproportionately affects children of color and youth living in low-income, urban areas. The implications for public health, child health, and family functioning necessitates our understanding and addressing experiences by families who are facing barriers within their socio-demographic context in addition to the stressors associated with managing pediatric asthma. The current study applied qualitative methods to interviews with caregivers of children with and without asthma in an effort to more deeply connect with caregivers’ experiences and yield richer information about the intersection of identities as Black caregivers living in an urban setting …

Asthma In Scotland: Prescribing Trends Since The National Review Of Asthma Deaths (Nrad), Quentin Kenner

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Asthma in Scotland: prescribing trends since the National Review of Asthma Deaths (NRAD)

Purpose: Asthma remains prevalent worldwide with implications for morbidity and mortality. In Scotland, 1 in 14 people are currently being treated for asthma. Asthma burden prompted the creation of the National Review of Asthma Deaths (NRAD), which identified contributing factors. Since the NRAD, guidelines have changed and therapeutic indicators have been developed with an increased emphasis on controller medications. Few publications describe how the NRAD study affected prescribing and if inequalities among the asthmatic population exist. This study aimed to determine whether patients were receiving appropriate treatment …

Immunopathogenesis In Fungal Asthma, Matthew Stephen Godwin

All ETDs from UAB

Asthma patients are increasingly presenting with asthma that is more difficult to control and treat than in years past. A subset of these patients who are sensitive to fungal species are described as having severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS). Given the severity of disease, there is ever increasing interest in identifying the immune processes underlying SAFS disease pathology and the development of novel therapeutics to improve management. While sensitivity to multiple fungal species has been described in SAFS, none is more common than Aspergillus fumigatus. Here, we describe two previously unrecognized contributors to the amelioration of disease pathology in …

The Relationship Between Asthma And Electronic Cigarette Use Among Youth And Young Adults: Mediation And Moderation Approaches, Abdullah M M Alanazi

All ETDs from UAB

Asthma is associated with a higher likelihood of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, which may increase the risk of pulmonary complications. Therefore, we sought to identify factors that influence e-cigarette use that may inform future behavior interventions targeting e-cigarette use prevention. In this dissertation, we used mediation and moderation to model the relationship of health beliefs, psychosocial and behavioral factors that may affect the relationship between e-cigarette use and asthma. We used national samples from public datasets, and a clinical sample recruited from healthcare facilities in Alabama. The results of this study are reported in three different papers. In the first …

An Educational Intervention To Improve Healthcare Provider Confidence And Utilization Of The Teach-Back Method When Providing Patient Education On Inhaler Technique, Caitlin Crowley

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects

Background: Patients with asthma and COPD often do not use prescribed inhalers correctly. This impacts the safety and effectiveness of the medication and potentially leads to increased symptoms, exacerbations, and hospitalizations. Inhaler technique should be assessed regularly; however, many patients do not receive initial education on devices or follow up evaluation to ensure correct use. Many healthcare providers (HCPs) are not properly educated on how to use inhalers, and a correlation exists between poor patient inhaler technique and improper training by HCPs. Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project is to increase HCPs ability and confidence to …

Obesity And Obstructive Airways Disease: Clinical Correlates And Therapeutic Considerations, John Magagna, Cali Loblundo, Raymond B. Penn, Deepak A. Deshpande, Ajay P. Nayak

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

Obese patients are more likely to suffer from severe asthma symptoms and less likely to be able to control them. In obese patients, there is evidence that shows decreased efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids and beta-2 adrenergic agonists, the core treatment options for achieving and maintaining asthma control. This may be due to mechanical reasons like decreased ventilation and medication delivery, but there are many more pathologies of obesity that interact with pathways of both asthma pathology and asthma control. This review explores the epidemiological significance of obesity, many physiological changes in patients with obesity, the physiological interactions of asthma and …

Improving The Inhaler, Bradley Freid, Jesse Evensky, Kabir Malkani, Alex Reibstein, Gregory C. Kane, Md

Phase 1

Background: Inhaled drugs play a critical role in caring for patients with respiratory disease such as COPD and asthma. It is understood that many of the patients that use inhalers to deliver these drugs to their lungs use them entirely improperly or in a sub-optimal manner. Improving the inhaler design for increased effectiveness and ease of use was the focus of this project.

Methods: A pulmonary critical care attending was interviewed regarding patient inhaler use. The attending provided information about proper inhaler use and also described patient errors in using the inhaler that were observed. Inhalers that are currently in …