Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Positive Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index And The Risk Of Osteoporosis: Results From The Koges_Health Examinee (Hexa) Cohort Study, Hye Sun Kim, Cheongmin Sohn, Minji Kwon, Woori Na, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Mi Kyung Kim

Faculty Publications

Previous studies have found that diet’s inflammatory potential is related to various diseases. However, little is known about its relationship with osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and osteoporosis risk in a large-scale prospective cohort study in Korea. This prospective cohort study included 159,846 participants (men 57,740; women 102,106) from South Korea with a mean follow-up of 7.9 years. The DII was calculated through a validated semi-quantitative FFQ (SQFFQ), and information on osteoporosis was self-reported by the participants. Analyses were performed by using a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model. …

Description Of Self-Regulation In Health Behavior Change Using Ecological Momentary Assessments, Melissa Anne Brown

Theses and Dissertations

Despite the known associations between unhealthy behaviors and disease, reduced quality of life, and morbidity, individuals struggle to initiate and maintain health behavior change. Self-regulation is a process that includes activities in which people engage to achieve a goal. Poor self-regulation (i.e., inability to set specific, achievable goals; impaired planning skills; limited emotional control) may contribute to unhealthy behaviors across the lifespan. Self-regulation as a concept is inconsistently applied and inadequately understood. The purpose of this secondary analysis of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) data was to develop an in-depth description of self-regulation, as conceptualized in Ryan’s Integrated Theory of Health …

The Potential Use Of Phytoestrogen Containing The Herb, Pueraria Mirifica, For Bone Healing In Osteoporotic Monkeys, Donlaporn Kittivanichkul, Nan Choisunirachon, Kumpanart Soontornvipart, Suchinda Malaivijitnond

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Within the last decade, the positive effects of Pueraria mirifica on osteoporosis have been established in rats and monkeys. However, the effect of P. mirifica on bone healing has not been elucidated. In this study, post-menopausal osteoporotic monkeys were subjected to an iliac crest biopsy, divided into two groups (5 animals/group), and fed daily with standard monkey diet alone (PMP0 group) or mixed with 1,000 mg/kg body weight of P. mirifica powder (PMP1000 group) for 16 months. The progression of the bone healing was continuously assessed by X-ray radiography, and three individuals from each group were selected for a computed …

Percutaneous Vertebroplasty In The Treatment Of Thoracolumbar Fractures, Ahmed I. Zayda, Mahmoud M. Hadhoud, Mohammed N. Ali El Agreed

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective The objective was to determine the effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) through cement injection in relief of pain in case of painful osteoporotic and pathological thoracolumbar fractures. Background Vertebroplasty is a percutaneous polymethylmethacrylate cement injection inside the vertebral body through the pedicle and used mainly in the treatment of painful osteoporotic and pathological spinal fractures. Patients and methods A total of 20 patients in this study had thoracolumbar fractures (15 of them had osteoporotic fractures and five of them had pathological fractures). Patients were submitted into one of the three age groups. Group 1: less than 60 years, group …

Inheritance Patterns, Challenges, And Outcomes Of Fracture Management In Osteopetrosis Patients. Case Series And Review Of Pertinent Literature, Obada Hussein Hasan, Aly Zaheer Pathan, Hammad Naqvi, Pervaiz Hashmi, Riaz Hussain Lakdawala

Department of Surgery

Background: Osteopetrosis (OP) is a group of rare inheritable genetic disorders which show increased bone radiodensity on radiography. As no cure exists, careful symptomatic treatment is the mainstay in management due to brittle bone and frequent complications. We would like to present a case series of OP patients, their management, a review of literature about this rare disease and its genetic and inheritance patterns.
Materials and methods: Retrospective case series of 6 patients with OP seen at our institution from 2010 to January 2018. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for articles using the following keywords: Osteopetrosis, Radiology, Fracture and …

Comparison Of Osteoporosis Pharmacotherapy Fracture Rates: Analysis Of A Marketscan® Claims Database Cohort, Alan W. Reynolds, Guodong Liu, Paul T. Kocis, Jenna N. Skowronski, Douglas L. Leslie, Edward J. Fox

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

Background: Several different classes of medications have been shown to be efficacious at preventing fractures in patients with osteoporosis. No study has compared real world efficacy at preventing fractures between all currently approved medications.

Objectives: To directly compare the efficacy of all currently available osteoporosis medications by using a large population claims database.

Methods: The Truven Health Analytics MarketScan® database from 2008 - 2012 was used to identify all patients who started a new osteoporosis medication. Patients who experienced a fracture after at least 12 months of treatment were identified and risk factors for fracture for all patients were recorded. …

Osteoporosis And Its Perspective In Pakistan: A Review Of Evidence And Issues For Addressing Fragility Fractures, Aysha Habib Khan, Lena Jafri, Sibtain Ahmed, Shahryar Noordin

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Despite major advances in osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment, low rates of investigating and treating osteoporosis in patients with fragility fracture are reported in Pakistan. Cost of therapies, time and cost of resources for diagnosis, concerns about medications and lack of clarity regarding the onus of responsibility to undertake this care, are some of the barriers to osteoporosis identification and treatment. Data from our part of the world on osteoporosis as well as on fragility fractures is sparse. This review addresses the current screening and diagnostic strategies for osteoporosis and reviews the existing literature to highlight the issues prevalent in our …

Validation Of A Revised Food Frequency Questionnaire In A Population Of Elderly Men And Women With Fragility Fractures And Correlation With Bone Mineral Density And Biochemical Markers, Laura Graeff-Armas

Theses & Dissertations

Assessing food intake is important to estimate nutrient intake and counsel patients regarding their diet patterns and supplement use. The purpose of this study was to revise a validated Block Calcium/Vitamin D Screener to include protein for use in elderly patients with a history of fragility fracture. The Block Calcium/Vitamin D Screener food list was refined by adding protein foods and culling the calcium and vitamin D food items based on 2003-2006 NHANES survey. A nutrient database for the revised FFQ was developed from the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Nutrient Database. Validation of the revised …

Comparison Of Osteoporosis Knowledge, Beliefs, Attitudes, And Behavior Among College Students Of Various Racial/Ethnic Groups, Lauri Deruiter-Willems

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

Osteoporosis is known as a pediatric disease with geriatric consequences. The need forbone health, awareness of controllable risk factors and prevention of osteoporosis begins duringone’s youth (Campbell, 2012; Cannada, 2016; Evenson & Sanders, 2016; Edmonds, Turner, &Usdan, 2012; Ford et al., 2011; Gammage et al., 2009; Gammage et al., 2012). Currently, mosthealth information and health campaigns focus on older adults. To promote measurableimprovements in reducing the number of cases of osteoporosis, the focus for change needs tostart as early as teenage and young adult age. In addition to the general population trends, ratesspecifically associated with the nonwhite U.S. population are …

Serum Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha In Osteopenic And Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Females: A Cross-Sectional Study In Pakistan, Rafat Murad, Zahra Shezad, Saara Ahmed, Mussarat Ashraf, Murad Qadir, Rehana Rehman

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Objective: To compare biochemical parameters serum tumour necrosis factor alpha, calcium, magnesium, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and vitamin D in postmenopausal women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2015 to July 2016 at Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, and comprised postmenopausal women. Bone mineral density done by dual energy X-ray absorptiometryscan categorised subjects by World Health Organisation classification into normal (T score > -1) osteopenic (T score between -1 and -2.5) and osteoporotic (T score < -2.5). Biochemical parameters like tumour necrosis alpha, calcium, magnesium, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and vitamin D were measured by solid phase enzyme amplified sensitivity immunoassay method. SPSS 16 was used to analyse the data.
Results: Of the 146 women, 34(23%) were normal, 93(67%) were osteopenic and 19(13%) were osteoporotic. There was significant difference in mean body mass …

Osteoblast And Osteoclast Bioactivity Responses To Growth Factors And Inhibitors, Dana Walid Al Hashimi

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Bone healing, regeneration, maintenance, and bone defect repair is dependent on the regenerative capacity of Osteoblasts. Bone resorption, osteoporosis, peri implantitis and bone loss are caused by the activity of Osteoclasts. It is the balance in activity between bone regeneration by Osteoblasts and bone resorption by Osteoclasts which determines if bone regeneration or bone loss occurs. Osteoblast and Osteoclast cells respond to growth factors and bioactive inhibitors within the local environment, and the concentrations of these molecules may help determine if bone loss or bone regeneration occurs. To develop new therapies which can promote bone regeneration and avoid bone resorption: …

The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly Of Calcium Supplementation: A Review Of Calcium Intake On Human Health., Kelvin Li, Xia-Fang Wang, Ding-You Li, Yuan-Cheng Chen, Lan-Juan Zhao, Xiao-Gang Liu, Yan-Fang Guo, Jie Shen, Xu Lin, Jeffrey Deng, Rou Zhou, Hong-Wen Deng

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Calcium is an important integrative component of the human body and critical for human health. It has been well established that calcium intake is helpful in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, which has become one of the most serious public health problems across the world. However, community-dwelling adults with and without osteoporosis are rarely concerned or even not aware of the potential side effects of high or inappropriate doses of calcium intake. Some recent studies have revealed that excessive calcium intake might increase the risks of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this article was to review the health benefits, …

Osteoporosis Education: An Insight Into Risk Factors & Prevention, Alan Lee

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

In longitudinal studies of women residing in northern latitudes (i.e. Vermont), bone loss was most pronounced during winter months when sun exposure and weight-bearing activities are more limited. Although information about screening and treatments for osteoporosis are widely available to patients, there appears to be a gap in education about risk factors that predispose one to this silent yet deadly disease as well as strategies for prevention according to several community interviews that I conducted. In response to my conversations about osteoporosis, I decided to focus my intervention on educating the community about osteoporosis risk factors, recommended weight-bearing exercises, and …

Promoting Bone Health Through Weight-Bearing, Resistance Training, And Balance Exercises, Kinjal Thakor

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

Osteoporosis and low bone density affect 54 million Americans. Advanced age, female gender, an underweight BMI, lack of estrogen, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle all increase one’s risk of developing osteoporosis or experiencing bone fractures from minor trauma. In addition, residents of northern states, like Vermont, experience an increased risk of bone loss over time due to limited exposure to sunlight and decreased physical activity over winter months. Although screening, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, general exercise, and treatment are largely discussed, patients are unaware of the specific exercise routines that can be done to strengthen their bones. In response, I …

Comparing Prevalence Of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw (Mronj) Due To Denosumab And Bisphosphonates As A Side Effect Of Osteoporosis Treatment, Kendra Apland

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

As the baby boomer generation continues to age, the diagnosis of osteoporosis and its side effects will continue to increase. Denosumab and bisphosphonates (BPs) are some of the most common medication classes used to treat osteopenia and osteoporosis, but it is believed that both medications have the possible side effect of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). The purpose of this paper is to uncover if MRONJ is a side effect of osteoporosis treatment and which medication carries the highest incidence rate. Through a review of several electronic databases and several peer reviewed research articles, a wide range of reported …

Image Analysis Of Periapical Radiograph For Bone Mineral Density Prediction, Rini Widyaningrum, Sri Lestari, Ferry Jie

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease. Parameter from any bone site in the body has possibility to be developed as a predictor of osteoporosis. The alteration in the mandible trabecular bone is visible in periapical radiographs. The aim of this study was to correlate the area parameter and the integrated density of periapical radiograph with bone mineral density. Image analysis of periapical radiograph i.e. measurement of area parameter and integrated density was done on Region of Interest (ROI) by using canny edge detection method. Result of this study showed that the area parameter has asignificant (α < 0.05) negative correlation with the bone mass density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (r = -0.371) and T-score of the lumbar spine (r = -0.383). The linear regression test showed that the area parameter only can be used to predict T-score of the lumbar spine (F=5.822, α < 0.05). The integrated density showed a significant (α < 0.05) negative correlation with T-score of hip (r = -0.332) and T-score of lumbar spine (r = -0.377). It can be concluded that the area parameter can be used as one of input parameters for computer-aided system of osteoporosis early detection by using periapical radiograph.

A Profiling Analysis Of Contributions Of Cigarette Smoking, Dietary Calcium Intakes, And Physical Activity To Fragility Fracture In The Elderly, Thuy T. Pham, Diep N. Nguyen, Eryk Dutkiewicz, Jacqueline R. Center, John A. Eisman, Tuan V. Nguyen

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Fragility fracture and bone mineral density (BMD) are influenced by common and modifiable lifestyle factors. In this study, we sought to define the contribution of lifestyle factors to fracture risk by using a profiling approach. The study involved 1683 women and 1010 men (50+ years old, followed up for up to 20 years). The incidence of new fractures was ascertained by X-ray reports. A “lifestyle risk score” (LRS) was derived as the weighted sum of effects of dietary calcium intake, physical activity index, and cigarette smoking. Each individual had a unique LRS, with higher scores being associated with a healthier …

Understanding Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (Dexa) Bone Scan Results And Treatments, Jennifer C. Morris

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

Patients come into the St. Albans NOTCH primary care office for a follow-up to their DEXA scan to learn about what their results mean and discuss any questions/concerns. This brochure will help to standardize the information presented by providers about the results.

Reduced Mortality And Subsequent Fracture Risk Associated With Oral Bisphosphonate Recommendation In A Fracture Liaison Service Setting: A Prospective Cohort Study, Tineke A. Van Geel, Dana Bliuc, Piet P. Geusens, Jacqueline R. Center, Geert-Jan Dinant, Thach Tran, Joop P. Van Den Bergh, Alastair R. Mclellan, John A. Eisman

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Objective: Osteoporotic fragility fractures, that are common in men and women, signal increased risk of future fractures and of premature mortality. Less than one-third of postmenopausal women and fewer men are prescribed active treatments to reduce fracture risk. Therefore, in this study the association of oral bisphosphonate recommendation with subsequent fracture and mortality over eight years in a fracture liaison service setting was analysed.

Materials and methods: In this prospective cohort study, 5011 men and women aged >50 years, who sustained a clinical fracture, accepted the invitation to attend the fracture liaison service of the West Glasgow health service between …

Using Calcaneal Heel Ultrasounds To Screen For Osteoporosis At Alaska Health Fairs, Heather Guess

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Osteoporosis is a major health problem. The Alaska Department of Health and Social Services reports national rates of osteoporosis at 13-18% of women and 3-6% of men over age 50, but current evidence suggests that osteoporosis rates in Alaska are more equal between sexes. Known risk factors for osteoporosis that are very common among Alaskans include arthritis and low vitamin D and calcium levels. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of the hip and lumbar spine as the gold standard of screening for osteoporosis; however, DXA scans are expensive, not portable, and not …