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Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Possibilities For Refinement And Reduction: Future Improvements Within Regulatory Testing, Martin L. Stephens, Kathleen Conlee, Gina Alvino, Andrew N. Rowan
Possibilities For Refinement And Reduction: Future Improvements Within Regulatory Testing, Martin L. Stephens, Kathleen Conlee, Gina Alvino, Andrew N. Rowan
Andrew N. Rowan, DPhil
Approaches and challenges to refining and reducing animal use in regulatory testing are reviewed. Regulatory testing accounts for the majority of animals reported in the most painful and/or distressful categories in the United States and Canada. Refinements in testing, including the use of humane endpoints, are of increasing concern. Traditional approaches to reduction (e.g., improving experimental design) are being supplemented with complementary approaches, such as the use of tier testing to eliminate some chemicals prior to in vivo testing. Technological advances in telemetry and noninvasive techniques will help decrease either the demand for animals in testing or animal suffering. Further …
Estimates For Worldwide Laboratory Animal Use In 2005, Katy Taylor, Nicky Gordon, Gill Langley, Wendy Higgins
Estimates For Worldwide Laboratory Animal Use In 2005, Katy Taylor, Nicky Gordon, Gill Langley, Wendy Higgins
Gill Langley, PhD
Animal experimentation continues to generate public and political concern worldwide. Relatively few countries collate and publish animal use statistics, yet this is a first and essential step toward public accountability and an informed debate, as well as being important for effective policy-making and regulation. The implementation of the Three Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments) should be expected to result in a decline in animal use, but without regular, accurate statistics, this cannot be monitored. Recent estimates of worldwide annual laboratory animal use are imprecise and unsubstantiated, ranging from 28–100 million. We collated data for 37 countries that …
Effects Of Stretch-Based Progressive Relaxation Training On The Secretion Of Salivary Immunoglobulin A In Orofacial Pain Patients, Jeffrey Sherman, Charles Carlson, James Mccubbin, John Wilson
Effects Of Stretch-Based Progressive Relaxation Training On The Secretion Of Salivary Immunoglobulin A In Orofacial Pain Patients, Jeffrey Sherman, Charles Carlson, James Mccubbin, John Wilson
James A. McCubbin
There is a growing body of evidence that psychologic stressors can affect physical health and proneness to disease through depletion of the body's immune system. Relatively little research, however, has investigated the potential immunoenhancing effect of stress-relieving strategies such as progressive muscle relaxation. This study explored the relationship between immune functioning and relaxation training with persons experiencing persistent facial pain. In a single experimental session, 21 subjects either received relaxation training or rested for an equivalent time period. Salivary immunoglobulin A, mood, pain, and tension levels were measured before and after relaxation and rest periods. Results indicated that a greater …
The Relationship Between Measurement Uncertainty And Reporting Interval, Tony Badrick, Robert C. Hawkins
The Relationship Between Measurement Uncertainty And Reporting Interval, Tony Badrick, Robert C. Hawkins
Tony Badrick
Background: Measurement uncertainty (MU) estimates can be used by clinicians in result interpretation for diagnosis and monitoring and by laboratories in assessing assay fitness for use and analytical troubleshooting. However, MU is not routinely used to assess the appropriateness of the analyte reporting interval.We describe the relationship between MU and the analyte reporting interval. Methods and results: The reporting interval R is the smallest unit of measurement chosen for clinical reporting. When choosing the appropriate value for R, it is necessary that the reference change values and expanded MU values can be meaningfully calculated. Expanded MU provides the tighter criterion …
A Queuing Model To Address Waiting Time Inconsistency In Solid-Organ Transplantation, David A. Stanford, Jung Min Lee, Natasha Chandok, Vivian C. Mcalister
A Queuing Model To Address Waiting Time Inconsistency In Solid-Organ Transplantation, David A. Stanford, Jung Min Lee, Natasha Chandok, Vivian C. Mcalister
Vivian C. McAlister
Organ transplantation is a vital therapy for the treatment of many patients. Due to blood compatibility rules, there has been a pattern in many jurisdictions for differing organ types where recipients of blood type O experience longer waiting times than those of other blood types, partly due to crosstransplantation of too many O organs to compatible donors of other blood types. In response to this, a recent development in some jurisdictions is a change in the rules to insist upon ABO-identical transplantation. The literature review herein enables us to conclude that unrestricted cross-transplantation has not achieved equity of access across …
Serum C-X-C Motif Chemokine 13 Is Elevated In Early And Established Rheumatoid Arthritis And Correlates With Rheumatoid Factor Levels, Jonathan D. Jones, B. Jonell Hamilton, Gregory J. Challener, Artur J. De Brum-Fernandes
Serum C-X-C Motif Chemokine 13 Is Elevated In Early And Established Rheumatoid Arthritis And Correlates With Rheumatoid Factor Levels, Jonathan D. Jones, B. Jonell Hamilton, Gregory J. Challener, Artur J. De Brum-Fernandes
Dartmouth Scholarship
We hypothesized that serum levels of C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13), a B-cell chemokine, would delineate a subset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients characterized by increased humoral immunity.