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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Relative Bias In Diet History Measurements: A Quality Control Technique For Dietary Intervention Trials, Gina S. Martin, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Kenneth G. Russell
Relative Bias In Diet History Measurements: A Quality Control Technique For Dietary Intervention Trials, Gina S. Martin, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Kenneth G. Russell
Dr Marijka Batterham
Objective: Investigation of relative bias in diet history measurement during dietary intervention trials. Design: Retrospective analysis of human dietary data from two randomised controlled trials examining modified fat diets in the prevention and treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Setting: Wollongong, Australia. Subjects: Thirty-five overweight, otherwise healthy subjects in trial 1 and 56 subjects with diabetes in trial 2. Interventions: Diet history interviews and three-day weighed food records administered at one-month intervals in trial 1 and three-month intervals in trial 2. Results: In a cross-sectional bias analysis, graphs of the association between bias and mean dietary intake showed that bias …
Interviewer Bias In Medical Student Selection: (With Updated Correction), Barbara Griffin, Ian Wilson
Interviewer Bias In Medical Student Selection: (With Updated Correction), Barbara Griffin, Ian Wilson
Ian G Wilson
Objective: To investigate whether interviewer personality, sex or being of the same sex as the interviewee, and training account for variance between interviewers’ ratings in a medical student selection interview. Design, setting and participants: In 2006 and 2007, data were collected from cohorts of each year’s interviewers (by survey) and interviewees (by interview) participating in a multiple mini-interview (MMI) process to select students for an undergraduate medical degree in Australia. MMI scores were analysed and, to account for the nested nature of the data, multilevel modelling was used. Main outcome measures: Interviewer ratings; variance in interviewee scores. Results: In 2006, …
Opinion: Bias Is Unavoidable, Lisa Cosgrove
Opinion: Bias Is Unavoidable, Lisa Cosgrove
Counseling and School Psychology Faculty Publication Series
It is part of the human condition to have implicit biases—and remain blissfully ignorant of them. Academic researchers, scientists, and clinicians are no exception; they are as marvelously flawed as everyone else. But it is not the cognitive bias that’s the problem. Rather, the denial that there is a problem is where the issues arise. Indeed, our capacity for self-deception was beautifully captured in the title of a recent book addressing researchers’ self-justificatory strategies, Mistakes Were Made (But Not by Me).
Relative Bias In Diet History Measurements: A Quality Control Technique For Dietary Intervention Trials, Gina S. Martin, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Kenneth G. Russell
Relative Bias In Diet History Measurements: A Quality Control Technique For Dietary Intervention Trials, Gina S. Martin, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Kenneth G. Russell
L. C. Tapsell
Objective: Investigation of relative bias in diet history measurement during dietary intervention trials. Design: Retrospective analysis of human dietary data from two randomised controlled trials examining modified fat diets in the prevention and treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Setting: Wollongong, Australia. Subjects: Thirty-five overweight, otherwise healthy subjects in trial 1 and 56 subjects with diabetes in trial 2. Interventions: Diet history interviews and three-day weighed food records administered at one-month intervals in trial 1 and three-month intervals in trial 2. Results: In a cross-sectional bias analysis, graphs of the association between bias and mean dietary intake showed that bias …
Over- And Underreporting Of Energy Intake By Patients With Metabolic Syndrome Using An Automated Dietary Assessment Website, Y. Probst, Linda C. Tapsell
Over- And Underreporting Of Energy Intake By Patients With Metabolic Syndrome Using An Automated Dietary Assessment Website, Y. Probst, Linda C. Tapsell
L. C. Tapsell
Under- and overreporting of dietary intake in a face-to-face context is related to age, gender and body mass index. The use of computer technology in dietetic practice is restricted to analysis of nutrient data rather than assessment of the diet. DietAdvice, a website developed to allow patients with metabolic syndrome to self-report their dietary intake, has been developed in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. Patients are recruited by their general practitioner, and use the website, and the data are electronically fed to a dietitian for an individualised dietary prescription. The aim of the present study is to …
Bias During The Evaluation Of Animal Studies, Andrew Knight
Bias During The Evaluation Of Animal Studies, Andrew Knight
Morality and Ethics of Animal Experimentation Collection
My recent book entitled The Costs and Benefits of Animal Experiments seeks to answer a key question within animal ethics, namely: is animal experimentation ethically justifiable? Or, more precisely, is it justifiable within the utilitarian cost:benefit framework that fundamentally underpins most regulations governing animal experimentation? To answer this question I reviewed more than 500 scientific publications describing animal studies, animal welfare impacts, and alternative research, toxicity testing and educational methodologies. To minimise bias I focused primarily on large-scale systematic reviews that had examined the human clinical and toxicological utility of animal studies. Despite this, Dr. Susanne Prankel recently reviewed my …
Equal Discussion Of Significant Findings? Not Confirmation Bias, But A Focus On The Most Significant Findings, Sandra C. Jones, Christopher A. Magee
Equal Discussion Of Significant Findings? Not Confirmation Bias, But A Focus On The Most Significant Findings, Sandra C. Jones, Christopher A. Magee
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Letter to the editor published in Alcohol and Alcoholism Vol. 47, No. 1, p. 80, 2012
Publication Bias, The File Drawer Problem, And How Innovative Publication Models Can Help, D Apthorp
Publication Bias, The File Drawer Problem, And How Innovative Publication Models Can Help, D Apthorp
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
One of the topics that has come up frequently in the discussions on open science has been the "filedrawer problem", otherwise known as publication bias (Rosenthal, 1979 Psychological Bulletin 86(3), 638-641). Traditional publishing practices have tended to favour positive results that reject the null hypothesis, leading some researchers to suggest that, in the extreme case, "most published results are false" (Ioannidis, 2005 PLoS Medicine 2(8), e124). What does this mean for vision science, and how can an open science framework help address this problem? I will suggest that innovative publishing initiatives such as PsychFileDrawer.org and the Reproducibility Project can harness …