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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Improved Quantification Of Small Objects In Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Tomography, Subhadra Srinivasan, Brian W. Pogue, Hamid Dehghani, Shudong Jiang, Xiaomei Song, Keith D. Paulsen Nov 2004

Improved Quantification Of Small Objects In Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Tomography, Subhadra Srinivasan, Brian W. Pogue, Hamid Dehghani, Shudong Jiang, Xiaomei Song, Keith D. Paulsen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Diffuse optical tomography allows quantification of hemoglobin, oxygen saturation, and water in tissue, and the fidelity in this quantification is dependent on the accuracy of optical properties determined during image reconstruction. In this study, a three-step algorithm is proposed and validated that uses the standard Newton minimization with Levenberg-Marquardt regularization as the first step. The second step is a modification to the existing algorithm using a two-parameter regularization to allow lower damping in a region of interest as compared to background. This second stage allows the recovery of the actual size of an inclusion. A region-based reconstruction is the final …


Update On Diabetes Mellitus, Murray Korc Oct 2004

Update On Diabetes Mellitus, Murray Korc

Dartmouth Scholarship

Diabetes mellitus is a complex multi-system disorder that may be classified as autoimmune mediated type 1 diabetes, or as insulin resistance associated type 2 diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, there is selective loss of the beta cells within the endocrine islets, as a consequence of T-cell and cytokine mediated destruction of these cells, perhaps in conjunction with destruction of the peri-islet Schwann cells. In type 2 diabetes, the etiology of the resistance ranges from post-receptor defects in the insulin signaling pathway to excessive production of adipocyte derived cytokines that antagonize insulin action to mitochondrial defects that interfere with glucose disposal. …


Evaluating Markers For Selecting A Patient's Treatment, Xiao Song, Margaret S. Pepe Apr 2004

Evaluating Markers For Selecting A Patient's Treatment, Xiao Song, Margaret S. Pepe

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Selecting the best treatment for a patient's disease may be facilitated by evaluating clinical characteristics or biomarker measurements at diagnosis. We consider how to evaluate the potential of such measurements to impact on treatment selection algorithms. For example, magnetic resonance neurographic imaging is potentially useful for deciding whether a patient should be treated surgically for carpal tunnel syndrome or if he/she should receive less invasive conservative therapy. We propose a graphical display, the selection impact (SI) curve, that shows the population response rate as a function of treatment selection criteria based on the marker. The curve can be useful for …