Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Assessing Intervention Effects In A School-Based Nutrition Intervention Trial: Which Analytic Model Is Most Powerful?, Jessica B. Janega, David M. Murray, Sherri P. Varnell, Jonathan L. Blitstein, Amanda Birnbaum, Leslie A. Lytle

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

This article compares four mixed-model analyses valid for group-randomized trials (GRTs) involving a nested cohort design with a single pretest and posttest. This study makes estimates of intraclass correlations (ICCs) available to investigators planning GRTs addressing dietary outcomes. It also provides formulae demonstrating the potential benefits to the standard error of the intervention effect (σΔ) from adjustments for both fixed and time-varying covariates and correlations over time. These estimates will allow other researchers to use these variables to plan their studies by estimating a priori detectable differences and sample size requirements for any of the four analytic options. These methods …

Case Of Inhaled Prostaglandin E1 Used To Improve Hypoxia In Ards, Shahla Siddiqui, Salwa Zubair, F Hameed Khan

Department of Anaesthesia

No abstract provided.

Cbct Panoramic Images Vs. Traditional Panoramic Radiographs, Sunny Young Hutchinson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this research was to compare the accuracy of angular measurements of the panoramic image of the Newtom 9000™ Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) with the Sirona™ Orthophos panoramic unit. The study was separated into three parts: phantom study, patient study, and archform study. The phantom study used fabricated phantom typodonts to compare angular measurements between the Newtom 9000™ panoramic image and the Sirona™ panoramic radiograph. Accuracies of the measurements were then determined by comparing the values to the actual phantom typodont. No marked differences in angular measurements were recorded for the phantom typodont using either of the …

Comparison Of Auto-Adjusting And Fixed Level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy In Patients With Mild To Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Hypopnoea Syndrome, Geraldine Nolan

Masters

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) is a potentially serious medical disorder associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It is estimated to affect 4% of males and 2% of females between the ages of forty and sixty. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first choice treatment for this condition and it is extremely effective at controlling OSAHS. However, not all patients can tolerate this therapy, in particular those within the mild to moderate category, and there are also many others who are unable to comply with the minimum usage requirements of at least four hours every night. A …

Anaesthesia For Surgical Correction Of Scoliosis With Spinal Cord Monitoring--A Case Series, M Q. Hoda, S U. Zafar

Department of Anaesthesia

Objective: To share our experience of anaesthetic management of scoliosis with intra-operative somatosensory evoked potential monitoring and wake up test.Methods: All the cases of scoliosis surgery scheduled during a period of two years in which SSEP and intra-operative wake-up test was planned were included in the study. The patient in which intra-operative wake-up test was not planned were excluded from this case series.Results: We managed a series of sixteen cases of scoliosis in our hospital. Eleven patients were female and five were male with the age ranging from six to twenty two years. SSEPs were monitored throughout the procedure and …

Cultural Value Orientations, Attributions, And Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors, Patricia M. Flynn

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Discrepancies in breast cancer screening behavior exist among various ethnic groups in the United States (Jacobs & Lauderdale, 2001), with Latino American women reporting particularly low screening rates in comparison to Anglo American women (ACS, 2002). Research indicates that behavior is in part influenced by aspects of culture and relevant psychological processes (Betancourt & Lopez, 1993; Betancourt & Fuentes, 2001). This study was designed to investigate the relations among cultural values, attributional processes, and breast cancer screening behavior among Anglo and Latino women. This study also investigated the influence of acculturation among Latino women in relation to the other study …

Prevalence Of Degenerative Joint Disease In A Pre-Orthodontic Adolescent Sample, Marie Mansour

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this research was to determine a prevalence of degenerative joint disease in our pre-orthodontic adolescent patients age ten through seventeen. The prevalence was assessed according to gender. Severity of DJD was established for each patient and a "red flag" for diagnosis was identified. The purpose was also to establish norms for joint space for patients with and without degenerative joint disease. Correlations to distal condyle position and angle classification were described. 123 consecutive patients, 77 female and 46 male T1 NewTom records were reviewed. Severity of DJD was classified according to none, mild, moderate, and severe. Sagittal …

Cone Beam Ct And Digital Radiography. A Comparative Study Of P/A Cephalometrics., Michael John Erickson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine if Rickett's posterio-anterior (P/A) cephalogram measurements could be obtained from Cone Beam Computerized Tomographic (CBCT) images taken on the NewTom QR-DVT 9000™.

Fifteen frontal cephalometric radiographs were chosen for good image quality, with no regard for patient age or gender. Each cephalogram was traced three times by the same operator using ZeroBase™ software. Landmarks were located and measured according to the Rickett's frontal analysis technique. Methods were devised for obtaining analogous measurements using CBCT images on the same group of patients.

Measurements obtained using CBCT correlated well with those obtained using the …

Flash Artifact Suppression In Two-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging, Richard Yung Chiao, Gregory Ray Bashford, Mark Peter Feilen, Cynthia Andrews Owen

Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory

Flash artifacts in ultrasound flow images are suppressed to achieve enhanced flow discrimination. Flash artifacts typically occur as region of elevated signal strength (brightness or equivalent color) within an image. A flash suppression algorithm included the steps of estimating the flash within an image and then suppressing the estimated flash. The mechanism for flash suppression is spatial filtering. An extension of this basic method used information from adjacent frames to estimate the flash and/or to smooth the resulting image sequence. Temporal information from adjacent frames is used as an adjunct to improve performance.

Research In Home-Care Telemedicine: Challenges In Patient Recruitment, Usha Subramanian, Faith Hopp, Julie Lowery, Peter Woodbridge, David Smith

Social Work Faculty Publications

This study reports challenges in recruiting patients for a randomized controHed trial of home-care telemedicinae. Descriptive statistics on patient eligibility for home-care telemedidne services and patient refusals for participation are provided. Frequency counts of reasons for study exclusion and participant refusal and Chi-square tests to compare race and age-related differences are given. Of 302 home-care patients reviewed, 197 (65.2%) did not meet inclusion criteria. The most common reasons for study exclusion were patients either needing <2 visits per month (n = 59, 30%) or >3 skilled nurse visits per week (n = 46, 23.4%). Of the eligible patients (n = 105), 79 …

Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema: Case Report, S M. Abbas, M Q. Hoda

Department of Anaesthesia

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Ketorolac On Postoperative Pain Relief In Dental Extraction Cases--A Comparative Study With Pethidine, S M. Abbas, R S. Kamal, G Afshan

Department of Anaesthesia

Objective: To compare the analgesic efficacy and side effects of ketorolac with pethidine in a day care procedure.STUDY Design: Single dose, double blind, case matched study.Methods: Sixty patients were divided into group A and group B, who received either ketorolac 30 mg or Pethidine 0.8 mg/kg ( both IN ) respectively at the time of induction of general anaesthesia. Patients were assessed in recovery room for pain according to visual analogue scale and any side effects. Amount of rescue analgesia required by both groups were also recorded. Odds Ratio and and Chi Square test were used for statistical analysis.Results: Statistical …

Diagnostic Surgical Pathology: The Importance Of Second Opinion In A Developing Country, Z. Ahmed, N. Yaqoob, S. Muzaffar, N. Kayani, Shahid Pervez, S. H. Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: To review the cases sent to the section of histopathology, Aga Khan Universty (AKU) for second opinion and see whether there are significant differences in the original outside diagnosis and the subsequent diagnosis submitted by us.

Methods: A retrospective study of all consecutive cases for second opinion in the form of paraffin blocks from 1st Novemver 2001 to 31st July 2002. The primary submitted diagnosis in each case was compared with the subsequent AKU diagnosis.

Results: The study included a total of 381 cases. However, in 45 cases (11.81%), initial histopathological diagnosis was not provided. Out of the remaining …

Effect Of Anti-Tgfß1 And Pycnogenol® On Scar Formation In Rats, Pilseong Kim

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Wound healing is a complex biologic process that involves chemotaxis and division of cells, neovascularization, synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, and remodeling of the repaired tissues. Of equal importance is the restoration of normal tissue structure and function without scar formation. The aim of this study was to find out the clinical effects of anti-TGFß1 and Pycnogenol® on scarless wound healing on rat skin.

An acute incision wound model was used with 20 healthy rats. Four incisions were made on each rat's skin and 4 different variables were applied by local infiltration. The four variables were anti-TGFß1, Pycnogenol®, PBS, and …

Chemical And Biological Warfare Preparing To Meet The Threat, S Sophie, S U. Haq, M R. Khan

Department of Anaesthesia

No abstract provided.

Qtc Is Associated With Obesity And Physical Activity Level For African American Females, C. Jayne Brahler

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular or ischemic disease mortality. Obesity as a cause for acquired LQTS in otherwise healthy individuals is rapidly gaining the attention of the scientific community. African American people have a higher incidence of obesity compared to Caucasians, yet race-specific information is not available for their prevalence of LQTS. Chronic physical activity can help reduce the incidence of obesity, yet little is known about the effects of chronic physical activity on acquired LQTS. Subjects in this study were a volunteer sample of African American mothers (21-53 yr, n = 44) and …

Detection Of Bacteria To Dental Tissue By Low-Light Imaging, G-Hong Robert Hsu

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Bacteria have been shown to play an important role in the development of pulp and periradicular disease. The source of the infective bacteria is most often the oral cavity. Previous studies have detected bacteria in teeth that are structurally intact that seemingly have no communication intraorally. Anachoresis has been proposed as a mechanism for localizing circulating bacteria to such teeth. In several previous bacteriologic anachoresis studies, bacteria have been found to localize in inflamed dental tissues. The criticism most commonly associated with these investigations has been the potential contribution of contaminant bacteria resulting in false positive findings.

Low-light image analysis …

Chronic Medical Illness : The Counselor's Role, Diana J. Cira

Graduate Research Papers

In the next few decades, the number of chronically medically ill individuals in the United States will increase dramatically. To implement necessary interventions to improve their care, the United States health care system must make changes in the approaches used for these individuals. Counselors can play a critical role in these changes. By incorporating counselors in the care of individuals with chronic medical illnesses, the health care system will be better able to provide interventions that aid in effectively coping with the illnesses and the many psychosocial ramifications of the illnesses.

Tandem Mass Spectrometry In Newborn Screening, Sandra Banta-Wright, Robert Steiner

Faculty Publications - College of Nursing

Since 1961 newborn screening for errors of metabolism (EM) has improved the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of newborns with an EM. Recently, advances in laboratory technology with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has increased the identification of newborns with an EM. With a single dried filter paper blood spot (Guthrie R, Susi A. A simple phenylalanine method for detecting PKU in large populations of newborn infants. Pediatrics. 1963;32:338-343). MS/MS can identify more than 30 disorders of metabolism This review will explore MS/MS to provide a better understanding of the development and application of this technology to newborn screening for perinatal and …

Effect Of Four-Day Psyllium Supplementation On Bowel Preparation For Colonoscopy:A Prospective Double Blind Randomized Trial [Isrctn76623768], Walter A. Salwen, Marc D. Basson

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Patients with new onset constipation or presumed hemorrhoid bleeding frequently require the use of both fiber supplements and diagnostic colonoscopy. We sought to determine whether preliminary fiber supplementation would alter the tolerability or efficacy of a standard bowel preparation for colonoscopy

Methods

A prospective, double blind, randomized trial was designed to compare a short course of a psyllium-based supplement versus placebo prior to a colon lavage. Patients were given an unlabeled canister of powder, and instructed to take 1 tablespoon with 8 oz of water bid for 4 days before colonoscopy. A 4-liter polyethylene based glycol lavage was …

Creencias De Profesores Y Estudiantes De La Facultad De Optometría De La Universidad De La Salle Acerca De La Clase Académica, Juan Carlos Méndez Parra, Carmen Sofía Cepeda

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

La presente investigación indagó en las creencias de profesores y estudiantes de la Facultad de Optometría de la Universidad de Salle acerca de la clase. Hace parte de la investigación institucional “Creencias de profesores y estudiantes de la Universidad de la Salle acerca de la clase académica”.dirigida por el Dr. Alberto Pardo Novoa. Se realizó una comprensión del fenómeno clase académica desde la visión de profesores y estudiantes de los diferentes ciclos de formación del programa de Optometría que sirviera para retroalimentar la labor docente y disponer de elementos para implementar acciones de calificación docente en la facultad de Optometría. …

Translation Research: From Accurate Diagnosis To Appropriate Treatment, Craig P. Webb, Harvey I. Pass

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

This review article focuses on the various aspects of translational research, where research on human subjects can ultimately enhance the diagnosis and treatment of future patients. While we will use specific examples relating to the asbestos related cancer mesothelioma, it should be stressed that the general approach outlined throughout this review is readily applicable to other diseases with an underlying molecular basis. Through the integration of molecular-based technologies, systematic tissue procurement and medical informatics, we now have the ability to identify clinically applicable "genotype"-"phenotype" associations across cohorts of patients that can rapidly be translated into useful diagnostic and treatment …

Determinación De La Variabilidad De La Sensibilidad Al Contraste Con El Fact En Pacientes Miopes Antes Y Después De La Cirugía Refractiva Con Multiscan, En Optilaser, Yolanda López Aguirre

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el efecto de la cirugía en los pacientes operados en cuanto a la calidad visual, medida por medio del FACT (Functional Acuity Contrast Test), para sugerir el uso del test FACT como prueba de rutina para estos pacientes. Fue un estudio descriptivo con mediciones transversales previas, al mes y a los dos meses de la cirugía. Con 17 pacientes realizo la valoración de 32 ojos, encontrando diferencias entre las mediciones iniciales y al mes la sensibilidad al contraste en la frecuencia espacial 12.0 (p 0.00) y 18.0 (p 0.0104). La curva construida con medianas …

Salud Ocupacional Una Visión Histórica Y General, Ingrid Astrid Jiménez Barbosa

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

El concepto de Salud Ocupacional ha ido evolucionando a través de los tiempos. Desde la comunidad primitiva durante la época del paleolítico y el neolítico, pasando por Egipto hacia el año 4000 a.c hasta la edad media, cuando aparecen estudiosos en materia de Salud Ocupacional como Ellen Bog (1473), quien efectúa una investigación sobre vapores que pueden ser peligrosos para la salud de los trabajadores. George Agrícola (1556), trata la problemática de los trabajadores de las minas y Bernardino Ramazinni en 1700, escribe un tratado completo sobre las enfermedades profesionales tituladoDe Morfis Artificum Diatribayes\, este autor es considerado por su …

How Many Slides? Documented Cytotechnologist Workload, Sophie K, Thompson, Eileen Mason

Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

(First paragraph) This paper relays workload information obtained as part of an ergonomics survey.1 Data were obtained on the number of slides evaluated daily, workplace setting, hours worked, and demographic information.

Incidencia De Uso De Los Videojuegos En Alteraciones Visuales Ergonómicas, En Niños De 9 A 14 Años, Paola Liliana Murcia Vargas

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

La optometría tiene un campo de acción muy importante en la prevención visual. La aparición continua de nuevas tecnologías trae consigo cambios en los hábitos de las personas. Este estudio se realizó sobre las alteraciones visuales ergonómicas que posiblemente se presentan en la población infantil, debido al uso prolongado de videojuegos. Las destrezas visuales necesarias para el uso de videojuegos están: Agudeza visual en visión lejana y próxima, visión binocular, acomodación y coordinación ojo – mano. En lo postural, un exceso en el tiempo de uso de los videojuegos, puede producir problemas en el cuello, hombros, columna vertebral, piernas y …

Ortoptest Una Nueva Visión Para El Futuro, Ingrid Astrid Jiménez Barbosa, Viviana Morales, Viviana Barón, Juan Sebastián Bejarano, Katherine González, Oscar González

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

Este fue un proyecto realizado por cinco estudiantes de octavo semestre de la Facultad de Optometría de la Universidad de la Salle. Ortoptest es un aparato en forma de cubo que en cada una de sus caras dispone de test para un mejor diagnóstico. Estos son: Ishihara´s (14 laminas acrílicas), luces de Worth, rejillas de Amsler y test bicromado rojo-verde (para visión próxima). Dentro del cubo se encuentra un sistema de iluminación halógena de 25w, tiene una base giratoria que hace más fácil y rápido el desarrollo de los test agilizando el tiempo de consulta. Se realizó un estudio de …

Tomografía Confocal De Nervio Óptico, Zaida Lorena Peña Ovalle

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

El HRT (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph) es una tecnología oftálmica de punta que reproduce al escanear una imagen topográfica y reflectiva del disco óptico y la capa de fibras nerviosas adyacentes.Una imagen tridimensional (3D) proporciona datos objetivos, cuantitativos, precisos que permite la detención de daño glaucomatoso temprano.

Degeneración Lattice, Alberto Rojas Bocanegra

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de degeneración periférica de retina Lattice y su relación con estados refractivos y rupturas retinales. Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal con exploración de asociación, mediante análisis de casos y controles. Se examinaron 680 ojos en el Instituto de Investigaciones Optométricas e Instituto de Córnea. El estado refractivo se determinó mediante técnica estática y el estado retinal mediante oftalmoscopia indirecta con indentación escleral. Resultados: La prevalencia de degeneración periférica de retina Lattice fue de 5.1%. Conclusión: La degeneración Lattice se asocia con miopía y rupturas retinales.

Proyecto De Reforma Al Sistema De Seguridad Social En Salud, Gina Sorel Rubio Rincón, Piedad Marcela Valderrama Díaz

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

La expedición de la Ley 100 de 1993 otorgó muchos beneficios a la población colombiana, sin embargo, la implementación de la misma tuvo muchos inconvenientes, los cuales se reflejaron tanto en los temas de aseguramiento, como en los casos de corrupción, principalmente en las A.R.S. y en los temas de salud pública, pues reaparecieron enfermedades como la malaria, el sarampión y la fiebre amarilla; es así, como se llegó a la elaboración y radicación de proyectos ante el Senado de la República, los cuales plantean: creación del Plan de Salud Pública colectiva en reemplazo del Plan de Atención Básica, universalidad …