Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Mutual Impacts Of Toughening On Crises And Losses, Richard A. Dienstbier

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

It is usually expected that if we are overwhelmed by an episode of crisis or loss that we may temporarily cope ineffectively, whereas when weare exposed to a sequence of challenges and stressors that are managable, we learn gradually to become better able to cope with such events. The "toughness" concept relates to analogous processes at the physiological level. The concept is based upon a wide variety of research with both animals and humans that is reviewed in detail elsewhere (Dienslbier, 1989). The focus of this chapter will instead be upon how toughness influences both physiological and psychological responses to …

Localization Of Cis-Acting Sequences In The Latency-Related Promoter Of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Which Are Regulated By Neuronal Cell Type Factors And Immediate Early Genes, A. C. Bratanich, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) establishes a latent infection in sensory ganglionic neurons of cattle. During a latent infection, a single latency-related (LR) transcript is expressed. This observation suggested that DNA sequences in the LR promoter are positively regulated by neural cell type factors. The regulation of the LR gene was examined in neural cells as well as nonneural cells in transient assays. A 258-bp XbaI-SphI fragment from the LR promoter cis activated the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase promoter in rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells and differentiated human (HCNIA) neurons. In contrast, cis activation was not …

One-Trial Backward Excitatory Fear Conditioning Transfers Across Contexts, Rick A. Bevins, John J. B. Ayres

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

One path to human phobia may be one-trial backward fear conditioning. Human phobias transfer readily across contexts. However, animal studies of one-trial backward fear conditioning have yet to demonstrate such transfer. The present study sought to do so. It used a lick-suppression procedure with 84 naive male albino rats. Two conditioning contexts, designated O and V, were crossed factorially with two test contexts, O and V. Within each cell of the factorial design, rats received in the conditioning context either a single 12 sec tone backward paired with a single 4 sec 1 mA shock or the same tone explicitly …

Sibling Confl Ict In Early Adolescence, Marcela Raffaelli

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study examined sibling conflict and relationship qualities in early adolescence. One hundred four 10- to 15-year-olds (mean age 11.7 years) completed questionnaires assessing the quality of their relationship with their closest sibling, and were interviewed about a recent, specific conflict with that sibling. Analysis suggests that sibling conflict fulfills several functions in early adolescence, including reinforcing family and relationship rules and delineating interpersonal boundaries. Few differences attributable to age or gender constellation of the sibling dyad emerged, and rivalry did not appear to be a primary impetus to conflict during this age period. Instead, sibling conflict appears to create …

Effects Of Expectancy On Assessing Covariation In Data: “Prior Belief” Versus “Meaning”, Dorritt Billman, Brian H. Bornstein, Jeffrey Richards

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

A large number of researchers have addressed the question of how prior beliefs affect assessment of covariation in new data. Some have suggested that prior beliefs disrupt covariation assessment (Nisbett & Ross, 1980), while others have claimed they help (Wright & Murphy, 1984). Research in this tradition has not consistently distinguished meaningfulness of the data from expectations about the particular relationship between the variables to be assessed. We collected covariance judgments on meaningful variable pairs where subjects had a prior belief in a positive relation, had a prior belief in a negative relation, had a prior belief that the variables …

Selective Associations: A Methodological Critique, Rick A. Bevins

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

A crossover design must be used and a crossover data pattern must result if selective associations are to be inferred. In addition, three other methodological criteria must be met. (1) Only the nature of the reinforcer should be varied, (2) nonassociative explanations must be ruled out, and (3) the differences in behavior controlled by the conditioned stimuli (CSs) must be caused by a learning difference and not a performance difference. Experimental evidence typically cited as demonstrating the existence of selective associations was reviewed here and found to fall short of meeting the criteria stated herein. I conclude that interpretations invoking …

Rats’ Location During Conditioned Suppression Training, Rick A. Bevins, John J. B. Ayres

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Freezing is often cited as the interfering behavior responsible for barpress conditioned-suppression. However, auditory cues that precede shock can evoke more freezing than can visual cues despite producing similar suppression. In two experiments, we sought to resolve this paradox by measuring rats’ location in the box in addition to recording freezing during conditioned-suppression training to tones and lights. Tone evoked more freezing than light but similar suppression. During both cues, rats left the bar and dipper areas and moved to the lower middle and rear of the box. When the bar was then removed and the dipper entry sealed, the …

Improved Recovery Of A Radlolabeled Peptide With An Albumin-Treated Reversed-Phase Hplc Column, David S. Hage, Robert L. Taylor, Pai C. Kao

David Hage Publications

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is an important tool in the purification of radiolabeled peptides and proteins for immunoassay. However, for some proteins and peptides it is difficult to achieve reproducible behavior in RP-HPLC because of the low recovery of these compounds. Factors that can be varied to improve recovery include the strength or pH of the mobile phase, the chain length and spacing of groups on the reversed-phase support, and the flow rate or steepness of the elution gradient (1-5). ... In summary, we obtained better recovery and more reproducible chromatographic behavior for labeled 1-34 PTHrP with an albumin-pretreated …

Diarrhea Associated With Enterococcus Durans In Calves, Douglas G. Rogers, David H. Zeman, E. Denis Erickson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Enterococci in the alimentary tract of animals are believed to be commensal bacteria.3 However, Enterococcus durans has been associated with diarrhea in foals, piglets, and puppies. The possibility that E. durans is associated with diarrhea in calves has not been established, although grampositive cocci adhered to villi, occasionally together with Cryptosporidia, have been seen histologically in the small intestine of diarrheic calves. This report describes the association of E. durans and diarrhea in 4 calves.

The Ear’S Versus The Eye’S Potential To Assess Characteristics Of Numeric Data: Are We Too Visuocentric?, John H. Flowers, Terry A. Hauer

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

A single experiment studied how effectively information about the central tendency, variability, and shape of numeric data distributions could be conveyed to statistically knowledgeable subjects. The data were summarized by visual histograms, auditory histograms that coded numeric value as pitch on the musical scale, and five-note auditory analogues of a box-whisker display that coded the minimum, quartile, and maximum scores as musical notes. Regression and multidimensional scaling analysis of judgments of dissimilarity between distributions showed that auditory depiction provides a highly effective means of conveying information about distributional characteristics. Auditory depicition may be a useful alternative to traditional visual graphics.

Intact Parathyroid Hormone: Performance And Clinical Utility Of An Automated Assay Based On High-Performance Immunoaffinity Chromatography And Chemiluminescence Detection, David S. Hage, Bob Taylor, Pai C. Kao

David Hage Publications

The performance and clinical utility of an automated assay of intact parathyroid hormone (parathyrin, PTH) are evaluated. The method is based on the extraction of PTH from plasma by an HPLC column containing immobilized anti-(44-68 PTH) antibodies. The PTH retained is detected with a postcolumn reactor and use of anti-(1--34 PTH) chemiluminescent-labeled antibodies. The total cycle time of the assay is 6.5 mm per injection after a 1-h incubation.The lower limit of detection for PTH in a 66-pL plasma sample was 0.5 pmol/L based on peak heights and 0.2 pmol/L based on peak areas. Mean analytical recovery for PTH added …

Serological Cross-Reactions Between Escherichia Coli 0157 And Other Species Of The Genus Escherichia, Eugene W. Rice, Evangeline G. Sowers, Clifford H. Johnson, Michele E. Dunnigan, Nancy A. Strockbine, Stephen C. Edberg

Public Health Resources

The antigenic relatedness of Escherichia coli 0157 and four sorbitol-negative species of the genus Escherichia was examined. Isolates of Escherichia hermannii, E. fergusonii, E. vulneris, and E. blattae were tested in the tube agglutination assay by using polyclonal antisera and in the slide agglutination assay by using latex reagents. Only four isolates (17%) of E. hermannii exhibited serological cross-reactivity.

An Introduction To The Five-Factor Model And Its Applications, Robert R. Mccrae, Oliver P. John

Public Health Resources

The five-factor model of personality is a hierarchical organization of personality traits in terms of five basic dimensions: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience. Research using both natural language adjectives and theoretically based personality questionnaires supports the comprehensiveness of the model and its applicability across observers and cultures. This article summarizes the history of the model and its supporting evidence; discusses conceptions of the nature of the factors; and outlines an agenda for theorizing about the origins and operation of the factors. We argue that the model should prove useful both for individual assessment and for the elucidation …

Reproductive Characteristics Of Rodent Assemblages In Cultivated Regions Of Central Argentina, James N. Mills, Barbara A. Ellis, Kelly T. Mckee, Julio I. Maiztegui, James E. Childs

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

Small mammals were trapped for 2 years at 16 localities on the central-Argentine pampa. Six species (Akodon azarae, Calomys musculinus, C. laucha, Bolomys obscurus, Oligory-zomys flavescens and Mus musculus) accounted for >95% of captures. The major breeding season, as assessed by pregnancies, was September or October through April or May. Mild weather in late autumn and winter of the second season resulted in a relatively longer breeding season during the 2nd year of the study. Females of all six species comprised significantly 50% of captures during the height of the breeding season. For most species, there was …

Altered Expression Of Adenovirus 12 Dna-Binding Protein But Not Dna Polymerase During Abortive Infection Of Hamster Cells, Lynne A. Lucher, Benjawan Khuntirat, Jiansheng Zhao, Peter C. Angeletti

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Replication of human adenovirus type 12 DNA is blocked in abortively infected baby hamster kidney cells. The activity and accumulation of adenovirus 12 DNA polymerase is equivalent in infected hamster and human cell extracts. However, the accumulation of adenovirus type 12 DNA-binding protein is approximately 120-fold lower in extracts from infected hamster cells when compared to infected permissive human cells. This difference in accumulation is not because of replication of viral DNA during productive infection, since this difference is observed in the presence of hydroxyurea. The DNA-binding protein from infected hamster cells retains the ability to bind denatured DNA-cellulose. An …

Mechanism Of Magainin 2a Induced Permeabilization Of Phospholipid Vesicles, Earl Grant, Troy J. Beeler, Kenneth M. P. Taylor, Kenneth Gable, Mark A. Roseman

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

The magainins, peptide antibiotics secreted by the frog Xenopus laevis, have previously been shown to permeabilize phospholipid vesicles. To elucidate the mechanism of permeabilization, we have conducted detailed kinetic studies of magainin 2 amide (mgn2a)hduced release of 6-carboxyfluorescein from vesicles of phosphatidylserine. The results show that dye release occurs in (at least) two stages-an initial rapid phase, with t_1/2 ≈ 3 s, followed by a much slower phase that approaches zero leakage rate before all the dye is released. Light-scattering studies showed that mgn2a does not cause gross changes in vesicle structure. The peptide was found to rapidly …

Mycobacterium Bovis Infection In North American Elk (Cervus Elaphus), Charles O. Thoen, William J. Quinn, Lyle D. Miller, Larry L. Stackhouse, Bradford F. Newcomb, James M. Ferrell

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

A naturally occurring outbreak of Mycobacterium bovid infection in captive wild elk (wapiti) in Montana was confirmed by mycobacteriologic examination. Twenty-eight of 143 elk responded to M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin injected intradermally in the cervical region (SCT). The results of comparative cervical tuberculin skin tests conducted within 9 days of SCT revealed greater responses to M. bovis PPD tuberculin than to M. avium PPD tuberculin in 23 of 28 elk responding. At necropsy, several grossly visible tuberculous lesions were observed in the parenchyma of the lung, thoracic lymph nodes, and submandibular lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of appropriately …

Coprolite Analysis: A Biological Perspective On Archaeology, Karl J. Reinhard, Baughn M. Bryant Jr

Karl Reinhard Publications

The most remarkable dietary remains recoverable from archaeological contexts are coprolites. Coprolites are desiccated or mineralized feces that are preserved in sheltered and open sites in arid regions, primarily in the New World. These dietary remains are remarkable from several perspectives. They typically contain a variety of macroscopic and microscopic remains that form interrelated data sets for the reconstruction of diets. Because contexts containing coprolites are typified by excellent preservation, the remains coprolites contain tend to be in better states of preservation than dietary remains recovered from nonfecal deposits. Coprolites also contain the well-preserved remains of intestinal parasites and pathogens …

Parasitology As An Interpretive Tool In Archaeology, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Parasitological studies of archaeological sites can be used to interpret past beh avior and living conditions. During the 1980s problem-oriented research into prehistoric- and h istorical-period parasitism developed and resulted in thefield of archaeoparasitology. A rchaeoparasitology attempts to integrate parasite data into archaeological theory and interpretation. Within the last decade,four major archaeoparasitologicallaboratories emerged. They developed interpretive frameworks that apply parasitological data to a remarkable variety of prehistoric beh aviors. Parasite remains can be used to reconstruct aspects of diet. health . and other behaviors such as transhumance and trade. Finally. analysis of the distribution of parasite remains can be used …

Vertebral Pathology In Prehistoric And Historic Skeletons From Northeastern Nebraska, Karin L. Sandness, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Vertebral pathology has long been a useful criterion for anthropologists in the assessment of activity patterns, stress, and general health of extinct peoples. This method of analysis, however, has never been applied to the peoples of the Nebraska Great Plains. This study is the first to concentrate on the indigenous Native Americans of this region, examining the spinal pathology present in the prehistoric and historic skeletal remains. Pathology present in the form of spondylolysis, Schmorl's nodes, osteophytosis (degenerative disc disease), and osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease), provides evidence to suggest differing activity patterns and levels of stress in Plains groups before …

Dan Canyon Burial: A Piii Burial In Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Steve Dominguez, Karl Reinhard, Kari L. Sandness, Cherie A. Edwards, Dennis Danielson, F. A. Calabrese, Chris Kincaid

Karl Reinhard Publications

The Dan Canyon burial was discovered at a time when the philosophy, ethics, and legislation concerning the study of human remains are in a state of flux. A number of important sensitive issues germane to managers, archeologists, and American Indians are discussed in the introduction. The subsequent analysis provides a detailed scientific account of these remains and a glimpse of a segment of a people's past lifeway while remaining sensitive to the wishes of the American Indians.

The burial and associated grave goods of site 42SA21339 were exposed by wave action in a location frequented by boaters at the Glen …