Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Walking Index For Spinal Cord Injury (Wisci/Wisci Ii): Nature, Metric Properties, Use And Misuse., J. F. Ditunno, Jr, P. L. Ditunno, G. Scivoletto, M. Patrick, M. Dijkers, H. Barbeau, A. S. Burns, R. J. Marino, M. Schmidt-Read

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Faculty Papers

STUDY DESIGN: Literature review.

OBJECTIVE: To critically review all publications/internet sites that have described/used the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI II), as a measure of impairment of walking function after spinal cord injury (SCI), in order to identify its psychometric properties, clarify its nature, specify misuse and incorporate the findings in an updated guide.

METHOD: A systematic literature search was done of Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus and electronic sites using key words: WISCI or WISCI II, SCI, paraplegia/ tetraplegia/ quadriplegia and ambulation/gait/walking. Among 1235 citations retrieved, 154 relevant articles/sites were identified, …

Effect Of A Tai Chi Chuan Slow Walking Intervention On Balance And Mobility In Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis, Julianna Averill

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

In people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) balance impairments may lead to increased falls and mobility loss. In quiet stance, people with MS display greater postural sway than healthy controls. Tai Chi is a Chinese martial art that has decreased the risk of falling in frail elderly individuals (Wolf et al., 1996). The purpose of this study was to determine if a three week Tai Chi intervention would improve postural stability in people with MS. Seven participants (6F/1M, age 48.5 ± 10.8 years, height 1.66 ± 0.08m, mass 68.6 ± 19.8kg) attended nine one hour training sessions to practice two types …

Walkability Of Campus Communities Surrounding Wright State University, Andrew M. Ford

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

The purpose of this study was to assess the walkability of the community surrounding the Wright State University (WSU) campus using the Postsecondary Education Campus Walkability/Bikeability Semantic-Differential Assessment Instrument. Path safety, path quality and path temperature control were the three categories measured using twelve separate criteria. Thirty-four path segments were assessed in three distinct areas surrounding WSU campus; 29 segments were assessed during the day and five segments were assessed at night. The overall walkability score of the campus community was 66.2% or an average grade of C. No path segments scored above 85% and six path segments scored below …

Dog Ownership And Physical Activity: A Review Of The Evidence., Hayley E. Christian, Carri Westgarth, Adrian Bauman, Elizabeth Richards, Ryan E. Rhodes, Kelly R. Evenson, Joni A. Mayer, Roland J. Thorpe Jr

School of Nursing Faculty Publications

Background:

Dog walking is a strategy for increasing population levels of physical activity (PA). Numerous cross-sectional studies of the relationship between dog ownership and PA have been conducted. The purpose was to review studies comparing PA of dog owners (DO) to non-dog owners (NDO), summarize the prevalence of dog walking, and provide recommendations for research.

Methods:

A review of published studies (1990-2010) examining DO and NDO PA and the prevalence of dog walking was conducted (N=29). Studies estimating the relationship between dog ownership and PA were grouped to create a point-estimate using meta-analysis.

Results:

Most studies were conducted in the …

The Bodily Experience Of Cerebral Palsy: A Journey To Self-Awareness., Laura K Brunton, Doreen J Bartlett

Physical Therapy Publications

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to describe the lived bodily experience of cerebral palsy (CP).

METHOD: This was a descriptive phenomenological inquiry. Ten participants were interviewed about their bodily experiences of living with CP. Interviews were semi-structured around pain and fatigue. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify themes.

RESULTS: The bodily experience of CP centered on issues of fatigue and pain as a feeling of muscle soreness. An overwhelming amount of the discussion on fatigue emphasized the fatigue that occurs with walking and prolonged activity. Self-awareness of the individuals' own bodies and adapting activity to continue to …

The Big Blue Test: Effects Of 14 Minutes Of Physical Activity On Blood Glucose Levels, Sheri R. Colberg, Manuel J. Hernandez

Human Movement Sciences & Special Education Faculty Publications

[First paragraph] For most with diabetes, physical activity has a blood glucose lowering effect (1). Hypoglycemia (i.e., blood glucose < 65 mg/dL) resulting from exercise is a concern, particularly for insulin users (2).

Blood Glucose Responses To Type, Intensity, Duration, And Timing Of Exercise, Sheri R. Colberg, Manuel J. Hernandez, Fatima Shahzad

Human Movement Sciences & Special Education Faculty Publications

[First Paragraph] The Big Blue Test (BBT) is an annual initiative by the Diabetes Hands Foundation to raise awareness of the importance of physical activity in managing diabetes. Individuals with diabetes voluntarily exercise and record self-monitored blood glucose levels. During the 2012 BBT, 5,157 diabetic participants (~90% insulin users) anonymously entered exercise type, intensity, duration, time elapsed since last meal, and blood glucose readings before and after one or more bouts of exercise separately through www.BigBlueTest.org or an Iphone app.

Development And Validation Of A Predictive Model Of Acute Glucose Response To Exercise In Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes, Bryan S. Gibson, Sheri R. Colberg, Paul Poirier, Denise Maria Martins Vancea, Jason Jones, Robin Marcus

Human Movement Sciences & Special Education Faculty Publications

Background: Our purpose was to develop and test a predictive model of the acute glucose response to exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Design and methods: Data from three previous exercise studies (56 subjects, 488 exercise sessions) were combined and used as a development dataset. A mixed-effects Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) was used to select predictors among 12 potential predictors. Tests of the relative importance of each predictor were conducted using the Lindemann Merenda and Gold (LMG) algorithm. Model structure was tested using likelihood ratio tests. Model accuracy in the development dataset was assessed by leave-one-out cross-validation. …

A Progressive Postresection Walking Program Significantly Improves Fatigue And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Pancreas And Periampullary Cancer Patients., Theresa Yeo, Sherry A Burrell, Patricia K Sauter, Eugene P Kennedy, Harish Lavu, Benjamin E Leiby, Charles Yeo

College of Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations

BACKGROUND: As patients with pancreas and periampullary cancer (PPC) experience improved survival rates and longevity, the focus shifts toward living life while surviving cancer. Fatigue is the most commonly reported symptom in all cancer patients. Exercise has been found to effectively decrease fatigue levels and improve physical functioning in cancer patients.

STUDY DESIGN: One hundred two patients with resected PPC consented to participate in this study and were randomized to either an intervention group (IG) or a usual care group (UCG). Subjects completed visual analog scales, the FACIT-Fatigue Scale and the Short Form-36v2 after surgery and again 3 to 6 …

School Program Planning To Increase Active Transport To School, Brenda Aguilar

McNair Poster Presentations

Studies have shown that active transport is known to increase physical activity of children, decrease traffic congestion and the production of greenhouse gasses. This study examines active transport to school (ATS) [walking, biking, or other self-powered wheels to school] among elementary students. Through the Nevada Moves Day program an increase proportion of elementary students who use ATS was expected.

This study was done at two elementary schools, one being the intervention school that participated in the Nevada Moves Day, and a control school, which did not participate. Data was collected over a three week period. Students using active transport and …

The Effects Of Shoe Traction And Obstacle Height On Lower Extremity Coordination Dynamics During Walking., Leslie Decker, Jeremy J. Houser, John M. Noble, Gregory M. Karst, Nicholas Stergiou

Journal Articles: Physical Therapy

This study aims to investigate the effects of shoe traction and obstacle height on lower extremity relative phase dynamics (analysis of intralimb coordination) during walking to better understand the mechanisms employed to avoid slippage following obstacle clearance. Ten participants walked at a self-selected pace during eight conditions: four obstacle heights (0%, 10%, 20%, and 40% of limb length) while wearing two pairs of shoes (low and high traction). A coordination analysis was used and phasing relationships between lower extremity segments were examined. The results demonstrated that significant behavioral changes were elicited under varied obstacle heights and frictional conditions. Both decreasing …

Exploratory Study Of Environmental Effects On Physical Activity And Overweight In Older Women: Research Update, Heather A. Whitcomb, Kosuke Tamura, Lauren Milius, Francine Laden, Steve Melly, Peter James, Robin Puett, Ellen Cromley, Eran Ben-Joseph, Philip J. Troped

GIS Day

Background: Physical inactivity and obesity are major public health issues. Recent studies have provided evidence that attributes of the built environment influence physical activity among adults and that factors such as greater urban sprawl are related to overweight and obesity. Few studies have developed objective individual-level measures of the built environment, a geographic scale that may be more relevant to certain types of physical activity, such as walking. In addition, further research is needed to assess the associations of both objective and perceived environmental factors with physical activity. In this 2-year exploratory study funded by the National Cancer Institute, we …

Using Built Environment Characteristics To Predict Walking For Exercise, Gina S. Lovasi, Anne V. Moudon, Amber L. Pearson, Philip M. Hurvitz, Eric B. Larson, David S. Siscovick, Ethan M. Berke

Dartmouth Scholarship

Environments conducive to walking may help people avoid sedentary lifestyles and associated diseases. Recent studies developed walkability models combining several built environment characteristics to optimally predict walking. Developing and testing such models with the same data could lead to overestimating one's ability to predict walking in an independent sample of the population. More accurate estimates of model fit can be obtained by splitting a single study population into training and validation sets (holdout approach) or through developing and evaluating models in different populations. We used these two approaches to test whether built environment characteristics near the home predict walking for …

Dependence In Prestroke Mobility Predicts Adverse Outcomes Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke, Mary I. Dallas, Shari Rone-Adams, John L. Echternach, Lawrence M. Bass, Dawn M. Bravata

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Background and Purpose - Stroke survivors are commonly dependent in activities of daily living; however, the relation between prestroke mobility impairment and poststroke outcomes is poorly understood. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between prestroke mobility impairment and 4 poststroke outcomes. The secondary objective was to evaluate the association between prestroke mobility impairment and a plan for physical therapy.

Methods - This was a secondary analysis of the National Stroke Project data, a retrospective cohort of Medicare beneficiaries who were hospitalized with an acute ischemic stroke (1998 to 2001). Logistic-regression modeling was used to examine …

Walking Age Does Not Explain Term Versus Preterm Difference In Bone Geometry, Haifa Abou Samra, Bonny Specker

Ethel Austin Martin Program Publications

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the relationship between bone geometry and onset of walking in former term and preterm children.
STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 128 preschool children aged 3 to 5 years who underwent peripheral quantitative computerized tomography measures of bone size at the distal tibia. Linear models were developed, stratifying by sex, to determine whether bone differences between children born term and preterm were caused by differences in walking age.
RESULTS: Children with a history of preterm birth walked later than children born at term (12.4 +/- 0.5 versus 10.9 +/- 0.2 months; P = .004); however, …

Measuring The Influence Of Built Neighborhood Environments On Walking In Older Adults, Yvonne L. Michael, Tracey Beard, Dongseok Choi, Stephanie Farquhar, Nichole Carlson

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Examined the degree of association between perceived and objective characteristics of the neighborhood environment and the relation of each type of measurement to neighborhood walking in older adults. Participants included 105 adults aged 65-92 (mean age 75.1) from 10 neighborhoods in Portland, Oregon, participating in Senior Health and Physical Exercise (SHAPE), a randomized walking intervention. Neighborhoods were stratified by a "walking friendliness" ranking variable. This variable was derived for each neighborhood based on available social and environmental data that were hypothesized to correlate with walking and physical activity: high income, high older adult population density, high proportion of white residents, …

Test-Retest Reliability Of Temporal And Spatial Gait Characteristics Measured With An Instrumented Walkway System (Gaitrite)., Cornelis J T Van Uden, Marcus P Besser

Department of Physical Therapy Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of temporal and spatial gait measurements over a one-week period as measured using an instrumented walkway system (GAITRite). METHODS: Subjects were tested on two occasions one week apart. Measurements were made at preferred and fast walking speeds using the GAITRite system. Measurements tested included walking speed, step length, stride length, base of support, step time, stride time, swing time, stance time, single and double support times, and toe in-toe out angle. RESULTS: Twenty-one healthy subjects participated in this study. The group consisted of 12 men and 9 women, …

Test-Retest Reliability Of Temporal And Spatial Gait Characteristics Measured With An Instrumented Walkway System (Gaitrite®), Cornelius J.T. Van Uden, Marcus P. Besser

Department of Physical Therapy Faculty Papers

Background
The purpose of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of temporal and spatial gait measurements over a one-week period as measured using an instrumented walkway system (GAITRite®).

Methods
Subjects were tested on two occasions one week apart. Measurements were made at preferred and fast walking speeds using the GAITRite® system. Measurements tested included walking speed, step length, stride length, base of support, step time, stride time, swing time, stance time, single and double support times, and toe in-toe out angle.

Results
Twenty-one healthy subjects participated in this study. The group consisted of 12 men and 9 women, …

Public Posting As A Strategy To Increase Walking: A Worksite Intervention, Rayleen Earney, Timothy J. Bungum

Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Because most American adults do not meet recommended physical activity guidelines, the need for new and innovative strategies is apparent. The current study employed public posting in an attempt to increase walking behavior in a worksite setting. Pedometer generated data was publicly posted in a prominent location in the worksite. In our study that utilized a pre-experimental design, we found that walking steps were statistically higher during the intervention and in a post intervention period as compared to the baseline data. We conclude that the public posting of physical activity data has the potential to increase walking behavior.

Preliminary Validation Of A Mobility Obstacle Course For Persons With Mobility Impairment, Stephen F. Figoni, Christian Thompson, A. Katherine Froehlich, Dot E. Nary, Janet Marquis, Glen W. White

Kinesiology (Formerly Exercise and Sport Science)

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of a mobility obstacle course for women with mobility impairments. Participants included 72 adult women with permanent physical disabilities including arthritis, orthopedic conditions, paraplegia, and others. The 60-m course consisted of carpeted runways and turns, ramps, a doorway, a transfer, and object manipulation. Participants completed two trials, walking or wheeling through the course as quickly as possible, safely and without running. Total course time and peak heart rate data were correlated with SF-36 health survey subscales. Overall, peak heart rate was significantly (p < .05) correlated with physical functioning (r = -.328), limitations due to physical functioning (r = .261), and pain (r = .296). Total course time was significantly correlated with physical functioning. These findings indicate very high reliability and preliminary evidence of validity.