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COVID-19

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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Severe Stiff-Person Syndrome After Covid: The First Video-Documented Covid Exacerbation And Viral Implications, Marinos C. Dalakas Mar 2024

Severe Stiff-Person Syndrome After Covid: The First Video-Documented Covid Exacerbation And Viral Implications, Marinos C. Dalakas

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: To describe a patient with mild GAD-positive stiff-leg syndrome (SLS) who developed severely disabling stiff-person syndrome (SPS) 1 week after mild COVID-19 and discuss the impact of viral implications.

METHODS: Video-documented serial clinical observations at baseline, after acute COVID-19, and after IVIG treatments.

RESULTS: A 39-year-old man with left-SLS was stable during a 2-year follow-up with low-dose antispasmodics, working fully and functioning normally, even able to run. One week after mild COVID-19, he started to experience generalized SPS symptomatology that steadily worsened the following 2-3 weeks, becoming unable to walk, requiring a walker, with significant thoracolumbar and bilateral leg …


Remote Delivery Of Allied And Behavioral Healthcare During Covid-19 For Children With Developmental Disabilities., Lisa D. Wiggins, Lin H. Tian, Sarah C. Tinker, Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, Carolyn G. Diguiseppi, Cy Nadler, Patrick S. Powell, Eric J. Moody, Maureen S. Durkin, M Danielle Fallin, A Blythe Ryerson, Joann M. Thierry, Britney Robinson, Karen Pazol Mar 2024

Remote Delivery Of Allied And Behavioral Healthcare During Covid-19 For Children With Developmental Disabilities., Lisa D. Wiggins, Lin H. Tian, Sarah C. Tinker, Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, Carolyn G. Diguiseppi, Cy Nadler, Patrick S. Powell, Eric J. Moody, Maureen S. Durkin, M Danielle Fallin, A Blythe Ryerson, Joann M. Thierry, Britney Robinson, Karen Pazol

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities (DD) transitioned to telehealth services due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objectives were to describe reductions in allied and behavioral healthcare services and receipt of caregiver training to deliver services at home because of COVID-19 for children with ASD and other DD, and factors associated with worse response to remote delivery of services for children with ASD.

METHOD: Prior to the pandemic, children 2 to 5 years of age were enrolled in a multi-site case-control study and completed a developmental assessment. Caregivers completed questionnaires on child behavior problems …


The Covid Cohort: Pem Fellowship Training During A Pandemic, Thuy L. Ngo, Derya Caglar, Lisa Yanek, Michelle Eckerle, Jerri A. Rose, Mellisa M. Tavarez, Frances Turcotte Benedict, Melissa Langhan Mar 2024

The Covid Cohort: Pem Fellowship Training During A Pandemic, Thuy L. Ngo, Derya Caglar, Lisa Yanek, Michelle Eckerle, Jerri A. Rose, Mellisa M. Tavarez, Frances Turcotte Benedict, Melissa Langhan

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to training programs abruptly stopping in-person learning and redesigning curricula. Trainees had decreased patient contact. Trainee well-being became even more vital with social isolation and fears of infecting loved ones increased. Our study evaluated impacts of COVID-19 on Pediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM) fellowship programs, including effects on fellows’ clinical and didactic experiences, and effects on fellows’ well-being.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, two surveys inquiring about the impact of COVID-19 on PEM fellowship training were developed using an iterative process: one for Program Directors (PDs) and one for fellows. Survey questions, which consisted of multiple …


Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Pre-Existing Covid-19 Vulnerability Factors In Lung Cancer Patients, Wendao Liu, Wenbo Li, Zhongming Zhao Mar 2024

Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Pre-Existing Covid-19 Vulnerability Factors In Lung Cancer Patients, Wendao Liu, Wenbo Li, Zhongming Zhao

Journal Articles

UNLABELLED: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cancer are major health threats, and individuals may develop both simultaneously. Recent studies have indicated that patients with cancer are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the associations remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we collected single-cell RNA-sequencing data from COVID-19, lung adenocarcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma patients, and normal lungs to perform an integrated analysis. We characterized altered cell populations, gene expression, and dysregulated intercellular communication in diseases. Our analysis identified pathologic conditions shared by COVID-19 and lung cancer, including upregulated TMPRSS2 expression in epithelial cells, stronger inflammatory …


Relationship Between On-Demand Telehealth Visits And Emergency Department And Hospital Surge During The Covid-19 Pandemic, B. H. Slovis, Xin Ji, Anna Marie Chang, John C. Kairys, Judd Hollander Feb 2024

Relationship Between On-Demand Telehealth Visits And Emergency Department And Hospital Surge During The Covid-19 Pandemic, B. H. Slovis, Xin Ji, Anna Marie Chang, John C. Kairys, Judd Hollander

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: The relationship between COVID-19-related telehealth calls could be used to predict emergency department visits and hospital surges 3 days later potentially facilitating staffing adjustments in advance of patient arrivals. The purpose of this research was to study the temporal association between frequencies of on demand telehealth calls and emergency department surges during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic.

METHODS: This cohort study examined patients who self-initiated synchronous audio-video on-demand telehealth calls between January 1, 2020 and June 30, 2022, and compared these to emergency department arrivals. The exposure in question was a synchronous audio-video on-demand telehealth …


Recurring Sars-Cov-2 Variants: An Update On Post-Pandemic, Co-Infections And Immune Response, Ashmit Verma, Anjali Manojkumar, Anupam Dhasmana, Manish K. Tripathi, Meena Jaggi, Subhash C. Chauhan, Deepak S. Chauhan, Murali M. Yallapu Feb 2024

Recurring Sars-Cov-2 Variants: An Update On Post-Pandemic, Co-Infections And Immune Response, Ashmit Verma, Anjali Manojkumar, Anupam Dhasmana, Manish K. Tripathi, Meena Jaggi, Subhash C. Chauhan, Deepak S. Chauhan, Murali M. Yallapu

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

The post-pandemic era following the global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has brought about persistent concerns regarding recurring coinfections. While significant strides in genome mapping, diagnostics, and vaccine development have controlled the pandemic and reduced fatalities, ongoing virus mutations necessitate a deeper exploration of the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 mutations and the host's immune response. Various vaccines, including RNA-based ones like Pfizer and Moderna, viral vector vaccines like Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca, and protein subunit vaccines like Novavax, have played critical roles in mitigating the impact of COVID-19. Understanding their strengths and limitations is crucial for tailoring future vaccines to …


Notes From The Field: Reemergence Of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infections In Children And Adolescents After The Covid-19 Pandemic, United States, 2018-2024., Chris Edens, Benjamin R. Clopper, Jourdan Devies, Alvaro Benitez, Erin R. Mckeever, Dylan Johns, Bernard Wolff, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer E. Schuster, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Peter G. Szilagyi, Fatimah S. Dawood, Lakshmi Radhakrishnan, Christina Quigley, Leila C. Sahni, Natasha Halasa, Laura S. Stewart, Meredith L. Mcmorrow, Brett Whitaker, Danielle M. Zerr, Vasanthi Avadhanula, John V. Williams, Marian G. Michaels, Aaron Kite-Powell, Janet A. Englund, Mary Allen Staat, Kathleen Hartnett, Heidi L. Moline, Adam L. Cohen, Maureen Diaz Feb 2024

Notes From The Field: Reemergence Of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infections In Children And Adolescents After The Covid-19 Pandemic, United States, 2018-2024., Chris Edens, Benjamin R. Clopper, Jourdan Devies, Alvaro Benitez, Erin R. Mckeever, Dylan Johns, Bernard Wolff, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer E. Schuster, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Peter G. Szilagyi, Fatimah S. Dawood, Lakshmi Radhakrishnan, Christina Quigley, Leila C. Sahni, Natasha Halasa, Laura S. Stewart, Meredith L. Mcmorrow, Brett Whitaker, Danielle M. Zerr, Vasanthi Avadhanula, John V. Williams, Marian G. Michaels, Aaron Kite-Powell, Janet A. Englund, Mary Allen Staat, Kathleen Hartnett, Heidi L. Moline, Adam L. Cohen, Maureen Diaz

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.


Pre-Infection Innate Immunity Attenuates Sars-Cov-2 Infection And Viral Load In Ipsc-Derived Alveolar Epithelial Type 2 Cells, Satish Kumar, Jose C. Granados, Miriam Aceves, Juan M. Peralta, Ana C. Leandro, John M. Thomas, Sarah Williams-Blangero, Joanne E. Curran, John Blangero Feb 2024

Pre-Infection Innate Immunity Attenuates Sars-Cov-2 Infection And Viral Load In Ipsc-Derived Alveolar Epithelial Type 2 Cells, Satish Kumar, Jose C. Granados, Miriam Aceves, Juan M. Peralta, Ana C. Leandro, John M. Thomas, Sarah Williams-Blangero, Joanne E. Curran, John Blangero

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

A large portion of the heterogeneity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility and severity of illness (SOI) remains poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated damage to alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AT2s) in the distal lung may directly contribute to disease severity and poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Our in vitro modeling of SARS-CoV-2 infection in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived AT2s from 10 different individuals showed interindividual variability in infection susceptibility and the postinfection cellular viral load. To understand the underlying mechanism of the AT2′s capacity to regulate SARS-CoV-2 infection and cellular viral load, a genome-wide differential …


Description Of Cryptococcosis Following Sars-Cov-2 Infection: A Disease Survey Through The Mycosis Study Group Education And Research Consortium (Msg-19), Jeremey Walker, Andrej Spec, Adriana M Rauseo, Et Al. Feb 2024

Description Of Cryptococcosis Following Sars-Cov-2 Infection: A Disease Survey Through The Mycosis Study Group Education And Research Consortium (Msg-19), Jeremey Walker, Andrej Spec, Adriana M Rauseo, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Invasive fungal infections have been described throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Cryptococcal disease after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported in several isolated case reports and 1 larger case series. We sought to describe cryptococcal infections following SARS-CoV-2 through establishing a database to investigate underlying risk factors, disease manifestations, and outcomes.

METHODS: We created a crowdsourced call for cases solicited through the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emerging Infectious Diseases Network, and infectious diseases Twitter groups. Data were collected in a web-based and secure REDCap …


Factors Influencing Music Therapists’ Retention Of Clinical Hours With Autistic Clients Over Telehealth During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nicole M. Richard Williams Feb 2024

Factors Influencing Music Therapists’ Retention Of Clinical Hours With Autistic Clients Over Telehealth During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nicole M. Richard Williams

Faculty Scholarship

The COVID-19 pandemic influenced music therapists to migrate services to online platforms, though some lost clinical hours during the pandemic when telehealth was not a viable option. This survey study aimed to ascertain factors that helped music-based therapists to continue serving autistic clients over telehealth during the pandemic. We surveyed 193 accredited music therapists located mainly in Canada and the United States. In addition to gathering data on general perceptions of telehealth music therapy and Neurologic Music Therapy® (NMT), one-way ANOVAs were applied to determine differences in percent-change loss of clinical hours for music therapists: 1) working in different employment …


Description Of Cryptococcosis Following Sars-Cov-2 Infection: A Disease Survey Through The Mycosis Study Group Education And Research Consortium (Msg-19), Jeremey Walker, Todd Mccarty, Gerald Mcgwin, Eloy E Ordaya, Paschalis Vergidis, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, Mehriban Mammadova, Andrej Spec, Adriana M Rauseo, John Perfect, Julia Messina, Gabriel Vilchez, Rachel Mcmullen, Carolynn T Jones, Peter G Pappas Feb 2024

Description Of Cryptococcosis Following Sars-Cov-2 Infection: A Disease Survey Through The Mycosis Study Group Education And Research Consortium (Msg-19), Jeremey Walker, Todd Mccarty, Gerald Mcgwin, Eloy E Ordaya, Paschalis Vergidis, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, Mehriban Mammadova, Andrej Spec, Adriana M Rauseo, John Perfect, Julia Messina, Gabriel Vilchez, Rachel Mcmullen, Carolynn T Jones, Peter G Pappas

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Invasive fungal infections have been described throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Cryptococcal disease after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported in several isolated case reports and 1 larger case series. We sought to describe cryptococcal infections following SARS-CoV-2 through establishing a database to investigate underlying risk factors, disease manifestations, and outcomes.

METHODS: We created a crowdsourced call for cases solicited through the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emerging Infectious Diseases Network, and infectious diseases Twitter groups. Data were collected in a web-based and secure REDCap …


Acute Neutrophilic Vasculitis (Leukocytoclasia) In 36 Covid-19 Autopsy Brains, Roy H. Rhodes, Gordon L. Love, Fernanda Da Silva Lameira, Maryam Sadough Shahmirzadi, Sharon E. Fox, Richard S. Vander Heide Feb 2024

Acute Neutrophilic Vasculitis (Leukocytoclasia) In 36 Covid-19 Autopsy Brains, Roy H. Rhodes, Gordon L. Love, Fernanda Da Silva Lameira, Maryam Sadough Shahmirzadi, Sharon E. Fox, Richard S. Vander Heide

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Hypercytokinemia, the renin-angiotensin system, hypoxia, immune dysregulation, and vasculopathy with evidence of immune-related damage are implicated in brain morbidity in COVID-19 along with a wide variety of genomic and environmental influences. There is relatively little evidence of direct SARS-CoV-2 brain infection in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Brain histopathology of 36 consecutive autopsies of patients who were RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 was studied along with findings from contemporary and pre-pandemic historical control groups. Immunostaining for serum and blood cell proteins and for complement components was employed. Microcirculatory wall complement deposition in the COVID-19 cohort was compared to historical control cases. Comparisons …


Economic Impacts Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Families Of Children With Autism And Other Developmental Disabilities., Olivia M. Pokoski, Hayley Crain, Carolyn Diguiseppi, Sarah M. Furnier, Eric J. Moody, Cy Nadler, Karen Pazol, Jessica Sanders, Lisa D. Wiggins, Maureen S. Durkin Feb 2024

Economic Impacts Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Families Of Children With Autism And Other Developmental Disabilities., Olivia M. Pokoski, Hayley Crain, Carolyn Diguiseppi, Sarah M. Furnier, Eric J. Moody, Cy Nadler, Karen Pazol, Jessica Sanders, Lisa D. Wiggins, Maureen S. Durkin

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: To control the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), many jurisdictions throughout the world enacted public health measures that had vast socio-economic implications. In emergency situations, families of children with developmental disabilities (DDs), including autism, may experience increased difficulty accessing therapies, economic hardship, and caregiver stress, with the potential to exacerbate autism symptoms. Yet, limited research exists on the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on families of children with autism or another DD compared to families of children from the general population.

OBJECTIVES: To assess impact of the COVID-19 pandemic related to parental employment and economic difficulties in …


Immunoglobulin Replacement Products Protect Against Sars-Cov-2 Infection In Vivo Despite Poor Neutralizing Activity, Ofer Zimmerman, Alexa Michelle Altman Doss, Baoling Ying, Chieh-Yu Liang, Samantha R. Mackin, Hannah G. Davis-Adams, Lucas J. Adams, Laura A. Vanblargan, Rita E. Chen, Suzanne M. Scheaffer, Pritesh Desai, Saravanan Raju, Tarisa L. Mantia, Caitlin C. O'Shaughnessy, Jennifer Marie Monroy, H. James Wedner, Christopher J. Rigell, Andrew L. Kau, Tiffany Biason Dy, Zhen Ren, Jackson S. Turner, Jane A. O'Halloran, Rachel M. Presti, Peggy L. Kendall, Daved H. Fremont, Ali H. Ellebedy, Michael S Diamond Feb 2024

Immunoglobulin Replacement Products Protect Against Sars-Cov-2 Infection In Vivo Despite Poor Neutralizing Activity, Ofer Zimmerman, Alexa Michelle Altman Doss, Baoling Ying, Chieh-Yu Liang, Samantha R. Mackin, Hannah G. Davis-Adams, Lucas J. Adams, Laura A. Vanblargan, Rita E. Chen, Suzanne M. Scheaffer, Pritesh Desai, Saravanan Raju, Tarisa L. Mantia, Caitlin C. O'Shaughnessy, Jennifer Marie Monroy, H. James Wedner, Christopher J. Rigell, Andrew L. Kau, Tiffany Biason Dy, Zhen Ren, Jackson S. Turner, Jane A. O'Halloran, Rachel M. Presti, Peggy L. Kendall, Daved H. Fremont, Ali H. Ellebedy, Michael S Diamond

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Immunoglobulin (IG) replacement products are used routinely in patients with immune deficiency and other immune dysregulation disorders who have poor responses to vaccination and require passive immunity conferred by commercial antibody products. The binding, neutralizing, and protective activity of intravenously administered IG against SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants remains unknown. Here, we tested 198 different IG products manufactured from December 2019 to August 2022. We show that prepandemic IG had no appreciable cross-reactivity or neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2. Anti-spike antibody titers and neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 D614G increased gradually after the pandemic started and reached levels comparable to vaccinated healthy donors …


How Does Covid-19 Vaccination Affect Long-Covid Symptoms?, Ali Akbar Asadi-Pooya, Meshkat Nemati, Mina Shahisavandi, Hamid Nemati, Afrooz Karimi, Anahita Jafari, Sara Nasiri, Seyyed Saeed Mohammadi, Zahra Rahimian, Hossein Bayat, Ali Akbari, Amir Emami, Owrang Eilami Feb 2024

How Does Covid-19 Vaccination Affect Long-Covid Symptoms?, Ali Akbar Asadi-Pooya, Meshkat Nemati, Mina Shahisavandi, Hamid Nemati, Afrooz Karimi, Anahita Jafari, Sara Nasiri, Seyyed Saeed Mohammadi, Zahra Rahimian, Hossein Bayat, Ali Akbari, Amir Emami, Owrang Eilami

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to identify the association between COVID-19 vaccination and prolonged post-COVID symptoms (long-COVID) in adults who reported suffering from this condition.

METHODS: This was a retrospective follow-up study of adults with long-COVID syndrome. The data were collected during a phone call to the participants in January-February 2022. We inquired about their current health status and also their vaccination status if they agreed to participate.

RESULTS: In total, 1236 people were studied; 543 individuals reported suffering from long long- COVID (43.9%). Chi square test showed that 15 out of 51 people (29.4%) with no vaccination and 528 …


Covid‐19 Infection Is Associated With Poor Outcomes In Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Daniela Renedo, Audrey C. Leasure, Rebecca Young, Cyprien A. Rivier, Brooke Alhanti, Brian Mac Grory, Steven R. Messe, Mathew J. Reeves, Ameer E. Hassan, Lee Schwamm Feb 2024

Covid‐19 Infection Is Associated With Poor Outcomes In Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Daniela Renedo, Audrey C. Leasure, Rebecca Young, Cyprien A. Rivier, Brooke Alhanti, Brian Mac Grory, Steven R. Messe, Mathew J. Reeves, Ameer E. Hassan, Lee Schwamm

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Background

Patients with ischemic stroke and concomitant COVID‐19 infection have worse outcomes than those without this infection, but the impact of COVID‐19 on hemorrhagic stroke remains unclear. We aimed to assess if COVID‐19 worsens outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods and Results

We conducted an observational study of ICH outcomes using Get With The Guidelines Stroke data. We compared patients with ICH who were COVID‐19 positive and negative during the pandemic (March 2020–February 2021) and prepandemic (March 2019–February 2020). Main outcomes were poor functional outcome (defined as a modified Rankin scale score of 4 to 6 at discharge), mortality, and …


Immune Response To Sars-Cov-2 Variants After Immunization With Different Vaccines In Mexico, Erika Garay, Sean P J Whelan, Rebecca M Dubois, Sara M O'Rourke, Angel Eduardo Salgado-Escobar, José Esteban Muñoz-Medina, Carlos F Arias, Susana López Feb 2024

Immune Response To Sars-Cov-2 Variants After Immunization With Different Vaccines In Mexico, Erika Garay, Sean P J Whelan, Rebecca M Dubois, Sara M O'Rourke, Angel Eduardo Salgado-Escobar, José Esteban Muñoz-Medina, Carlos F Arias, Susana López

2020-Current year OA Pubs

There is limited information on the antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in subjects from developing countries with populations having a high incidence of co-morbidities. Here, we analysed the immunogenicity of homologous schemes using the ChAdOx1-S, Sputnik V, or BNT162b2 vaccines and the effect of a booster dose with ChAdOx1-S in middle-aged adults who were seropositive or seronegative to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein before vaccination. The study was conducted post-vaccination with a follow-up of 4 months for antibody titre using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and pseudovirus (PV) neutralization assays (PNAs). All three vaccines elicited a superior …


Modality And Terminology Changes For Behavioral Health Service Delivery During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review, Kimberly S. Elliot, Eman H. Nabulsi, Nicholas Sims-Rhodes, Vandy C. Dubre, Emily Barena, Nelly Yuen, Michael Morris, Sarah Sass, Bridget Kennedy, Karan P. Singh Feb 2024

Modality And Terminology Changes For Behavioral Health Service Delivery During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review, Kimberly S. Elliot, Eman H. Nabulsi, Nicholas Sims-Rhodes, Vandy C. Dubre, Emily Barena, Nelly Yuen, Michael Morris, Sarah Sass, Bridget Kennedy, Karan P. Singh

Healthcare Policy, Economics and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted healthcare professionals to implement service delivery adaptations to remain in compliance with safety regulations. Though many adaptations in service delivery were reported throughout the literature, a wide variety of terminology and definitions were used. Methods: To address this, we conducted a PRISMA review to identify service delivery adaptations across behavioral healthcare services in the United States from March 2020 to May 2022 and to identify variations in terminology used to describe these adaptations. We identified 445 initial articles for our review across eight databases using predetermined keywords. Using a two-round screening process, authors used a …


Profiles Of Activity Engagement And Depression Trajectories As Covid-19 Restrictions Were Relaxed, Jonathan L. Chia, Andree Hartanto, William Tov Feb 2024

Profiles Of Activity Engagement And Depression Trajectories As Covid-19 Restrictions Were Relaxed, Jonathan L. Chia, Andree Hartanto, William Tov

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Given elevated depression rates since the onset of the pandemic and potential downstream implications, this research examined the association between activity engagement and depression among middle-aged and older adults postlockdown. This study aimed to (a) identify activity engagement profiles among middle-aged and older adults, (b) understand factors associated with profile memberships, and (c) compare depression trajectories across profiles as COVID-19 restrictions eased over 16 months in Singapore. This longitudinal study involved 6,568 middle-aged and older adults. Latent growth analysis was first conducted to obtain estimates of depression trajectories for each individual. Latent profile analysis was then conducted to identify different …


Mucosal Boosting Enhances Vaccine Protection Against Sars-Cov-2 In Macaques, Katherine Mcmahan, Adrianus C M Boon, Et Al. Feb 2024

Mucosal Boosting Enhances Vaccine Protection Against Sars-Cov-2 In Macaques, Katherine Mcmahan, Adrianus C M Boon, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

A limitation of current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is that they provide minimal protection against infection with current Omicron subvariants


A Dual-Angle Exploration Towards Understanding Lapses In Covid-19 Social Responsibility, Sean T. H. Lee, Jerome J. X. Mah, Angela K. Y. Leung Feb 2024

A Dual-Angle Exploration Towards Understanding Lapses In Covid-19 Social Responsibility, Sean T. H. Lee, Jerome J. X. Mah, Angela K. Y. Leung

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Breaking infection chains requires not just behaviours that allow individuals to stay healthy and uninfected (i.e. health protective behaviours) but also for those who are possibly infected to protect others from their harboured infection risk (i.e. socially responsible behaviours). However, socially responsible behaviours entail costs without clear, immediate benefits to the individual, such that public health-risking lapses occur from time to time. In this important yet understudied area, the current exploratory study sought to identify possible psychological factors that may affect people's likelihood of engaging in socially responsible behaviours. Assuming that self-perceived infection should provide an impetus to engage in …


Serological Assays For Differentiating Natural Covid-19 Infection From Vaccine Induced Immunity, Samuel M S Cheng, Gaya K Amarasinghe, Et Al. Feb 2024

Serological Assays For Differentiating Natural Covid-19 Infection From Vaccine Induced Immunity, Samuel M S Cheng, Gaya K Amarasinghe, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Natural SARS-CoV-2 infection may elicit antibodies to a range of viral proteins including non-structural protein ORF8. RNA, adenovirus vectored and sub-unit vaccines expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike would be only expected to elicit S-antibodies and antibodies to distinct domains of nucleocapsid (N) protein may reliably differentiate infection from vaccine-elicited antibody. However, inactivated whole virus vaccines may potentially elicit antibody to wider range of viral proteins, including N protein. We hypothesized that antibody to ORF8 protein will discriminate natural infection from vaccination irrespective of vaccine type.

METHODS: We optimized and validated the anti-ORF8 and anti-N C-terminal domain (NCTD) ELISA assays using sera …


Building Research Capacity In Low- And Middle-Income Countries And Pandemic Preparedness: Lessons Learned And Future Directions, Peter H. Kilmarx, Karen A. Goralesk, Erum Khan, John F. Lindo, Nancy Gore Saravia Jan 2024

Building Research Capacity In Low- And Middle-Income Countries And Pandemic Preparedness: Lessons Learned And Future Directions, Peter H. Kilmarx, Karen A. Goralesk, Erum Khan, John F. Lindo, Nancy Gore Saravia

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Research capacity is a critical component of pandemic preparedness, as highlighted by the challenges faced during the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Recent global initiatives, such as the Research & Development Task Force of the Global Health Security Agenda and the World Health Assembly's resolution on strengthening clinical trials, emphasize the need for robust research capabilities. This Perspective discusses the experiences of leaders in infectious disease research and capacity building in low- and middle-income countries, focusing on Colombia, Jamaica, and Pakistan. These case studies underscore the importance of collaborative efforts, interdisciplinary training, and global partnerships in pandemic response. The experiences …


Virgin Coconut Oil (Vco) Supplementation Relieves Symptoms And Inflammation Among Covid-19 Positive Adults: A Single-Blind Randomized Trial, Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa, Jacus S. Nacis, Fabian M. Dayrit, Keith V. Tanda Jan 2024

Virgin Coconut Oil (Vco) Supplementation Relieves Symptoms And Inflammation Among Covid-19 Positive Adults: A Single-Blind Randomized Trial, Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa, Jacus S. Nacis, Fabian M. Dayrit, Keith V. Tanda

Chemistry Faculty Publications

A clinical study conducted in 2020 showed that virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been found effective in the rapid relief of COVID-19 symptoms and normalization of the C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration among probable and suspected cases of COVID-19. This present study aimed to validate those results and to evaluate the effects of VCO among COVID-19 patients through a 28-day randomized, single-blind trial conducted among 76 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain report)-confirmed adults, with VCO given as a COVID-19 adjunct therapy. The results showed that VCO recipients were free from symptoms and had normal CRP concentrations by day 14. In comparison, …


Cross-Sectional And Descriptive Study On The Challenges And Awareness Of Hispanic Parents Regarding Their Adolescents’ Mental Health During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jihye Kim, Robin Scott Jan 2024

Cross-Sectional And Descriptive Study On The Challenges And Awareness Of Hispanic Parents Regarding Their Adolescents’ Mental Health During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jihye Kim, Robin Scott

Faculty and Research Publications

Research has shown that during the COVID-19 pandemic, approximately 20% of children and adolescents in the United States experienced mental health issues that became a significant social concern. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the majority of adolescents maintain positive emotions despite the crisis. This cross-sectional and descriptive study delves into the emotional states of adolescents during the pandemic, considering the viewpoints of both adolescents and their parents, with a specific focus on Hispanic adolescents. Survey results revealed that most adolescents reported positive and happy moods. However, a percentage of adolescents experienced worry, significant changes in feelings, and loneliness as …


Real-World Dispensing Of Buprenorphine In California During Prepandemic And Pandemic Periods, Yun Wang, Alexandre Chan, Richard Beuttler, Marc L. Fleming, Todd Schneberk, Michael Nichol, Haibing Lu Jan 2024

Real-World Dispensing Of Buprenorphine In California During Prepandemic And Pandemic Periods, Yun Wang, Alexandre Chan, Richard Beuttler, Marc L. Fleming, Todd Schneberk, Michael Nichol, Haibing Lu

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Introduction: The opioid overdose crisis in the United States has become a significant national emergency. Buprenorphine, a primary medication for individuals coping with opioid use disorder (OUD), presents promising pharmacokinetic properties for use in primary care settings, and is often delivered as a take-home therapy. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the scarcity of access to buprenorphine, leading to dire consequences for those with OUD. Most existing studies, primarily focused on the immediate aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, highlight the challenges in accessing medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs), particularly buprenorphine. However, these studies only cover a relatively short timeframe. Methods: To …


Covid-19 Convalescent Plasma Therapy Decreases Inflammatory Cytokines: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Feben Habtehyimer, Xianming Zhu, Andrew D Redd, Kelly A Gebo, Alison G Abraham, Eshan U Patel, Oliver Laeyendecker, Thomas J Gniadek, Reinaldo E Fernandez, Owen R Baker, Malathi Ram, Edward R Cachay, Judith S Currier, Yuriko Fukuta, Jonathan M Gerber, Sonya L Heath, Barry Meisenberg, Moises A Huaman, Adam C Levine, Aarthi Shenoy, Shweta Anjan, Janis E Blair, Daniel Cruser, Donald N Forthal, Laura L Hammitt, Seble Kassaye, Giselle S Mosnaim, Bela Patel, James H Paxton, Jay S Raval, Catherine G Sutcliffe, Matthew Abinante, Kevin S Oei, Valerie Cluzet, Marie Elena Cordisco, Benjamin Greenblatt, William Rausch, David Shade, Amy L Gawad, Sabra L Klein, Andrew Pekosz, Shmuel Shoham, Arturo Casadevall, Evan M Bloch, Daniel Hanley, Aaron A R Tobian, David J Sullivan Jan 2024

Covid-19 Convalescent Plasma Therapy Decreases Inflammatory Cytokines: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Feben Habtehyimer, Xianming Zhu, Andrew D Redd, Kelly A Gebo, Alison G Abraham, Eshan U Patel, Oliver Laeyendecker, Thomas J Gniadek, Reinaldo E Fernandez, Owen R Baker, Malathi Ram, Edward R Cachay, Judith S Currier, Yuriko Fukuta, Jonathan M Gerber, Sonya L Heath, Barry Meisenberg, Moises A Huaman, Adam C Levine, Aarthi Shenoy, Shweta Anjan, Janis E Blair, Daniel Cruser, Donald N Forthal, Laura L Hammitt, Seble Kassaye, Giselle S Mosnaim, Bela Patel, James H Paxton, Jay S Raval, Catherine G Sutcliffe, Matthew Abinante, Kevin S Oei, Valerie Cluzet, Marie Elena Cordisco, Benjamin Greenblatt, William Rausch, David Shade, Amy L Gawad, Sabra L Klein, Andrew Pekosz, Shmuel Shoham, Arturo Casadevall, Evan M Bloch, Daniel Hanley, Aaron A R Tobian, David J Sullivan

Journal Articles

This study examined the role that cytokines may have played in the beneficial outcomes found when outpatient individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 were transfused with COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) early in their infection. We found that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 decreased significantly faster in patients treated early with CCP. Participants with COVID-19 treated with CCP later in the infection did not have the same effect. This decrease in IL-6 levels after early CCP treatment suggests a possible role of inflammation in COVID-19 progression. The evidence of IL-6 involvement brings insight into the possible mechanisms involved in CCP treatment mitigating SARS-CoV-2 severity.


Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Primary Care Clinics' Policies, Practices, And Availability Of Patient Support Services During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kendra Ratnapradipa, Runqiu Wang, Josiane Kabayundo, Walter Marquez Lavenant, Eleanore Nelson, Muskan Ahuja, Ying Zhang, Hongmei Wang Jan 2024

Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Primary Care Clinics' Policies, Practices, And Availability Of Patient Support Services During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kendra Ratnapradipa, Runqiu Wang, Josiane Kabayundo, Walter Marquez Lavenant, Eleanore Nelson, Muskan Ahuja, Ying Zhang, Hongmei Wang

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Healthcare accessibility and utilization are important social determinants of health. Lack of access to healthcare, including missed or no-show appointments, can have negative health effects and be costly to patients and providers. Various office-based approaches and community partnerships can address patient access barriers.

OBJECTIVES: (1) To understand provider perceptions of patient barriers; (2) to describe the policies and practices used to address late or missed appointments, and (3) to evaluate access to patient support services, both in-clinic and with community partners.

METHODS: Mailed cross-sectional survey with online response option, sent to all Nebraska primary care clinics (n = 577) …


The Social, Mental, And Physical Health Impacts Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On People With Hiv: Protocol Of An Observational International Multisite Study, Yvette P. Cuca, Christine Horvat, Inge Corless, Craig Phillips, Álvaro José Sierra-Perez, Solymar Solís Báez, Emilia Iwu, Motshedisi Sabone, Mercy Tshilidzi Mulaudzi, Sheila Shaibu Jan 2024

The Social, Mental, And Physical Health Impacts Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On People With Hiv: Protocol Of An Observational International Multisite Study, Yvette P. Cuca, Christine Horvat, Inge Corless, Craig Phillips, Álvaro José Sierra-Perez, Solymar Solís Báez, Emilia Iwu, Motshedisi Sabone, Mercy Tshilidzi Mulaudzi, Sheila Shaibu

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

As the COVID-19 pandemic spread across the world, immunocompromised individuals such as people with HIV (PWH) may have faced a disproportionate impact on their health and HIV outcomes, both from COVID-19 and from the strategies enacted to contain it. Based on the SPIRIT guidelines, we describe the protocol for an international multisite observational study being conducted by The International Nursing Network for HIV Research, with the Coordinating Center based at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Nursing. Site Principal Investigators implement a standardized protocol to recruit PWH to complete the study online or in-person. Questions address demographics; …


Impact Of A Covid-19 Related Lockdown On The Experience Of Informal Caregiving In Singapore, Vicky Mengqi Qin, Abhijit Visaria, Rahul Malhotra Jan 2024

Impact Of A Covid-19 Related Lockdown On The Experience Of Informal Caregiving In Singapore, Vicky Mengqi Qin, Abhijit Visaria, Rahul Malhotra

ROSA Journal Articles and Publications

Introduction: Lockdowns, while limiting COVID-19 transmission, can affect provision of care by informal caregivers and their caregiving experience. We assessed, among informal caregivers in Singapore, (a) the perceived impact of a 2-month (April to May 2020) nationwide lockdown on their care provision, (b) correlates of different perceptions of the impact of the lockdown on care provision, and (c) association of different perceptions of the impact with negative and positive experiences of caregiving. Methods: In the August 2020 wave of the Singapore Life Panel (SLP; nationally representative, longitudinal monthly survey of Singapore citizens and permanent residents aged 50-70 years at baseline), …