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Articles 3331 - 3358 of 3358

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Segregation Distortion In Inheritance Of Progressive Rod Cone Degeneration (Prcd) In Miniature Poodle Dogs, Gregory M. Acland, Susan Halloran-Blanton, Joann A. Boughman, Gustavo D. Aguirre Feb 1990

Segregation Distortion In Inheritance Of Progressive Rod Cone Degeneration (Prcd) In Miniature Poodle Dogs, Gregory M. Acland, Susan Halloran-Blanton, Joann A. Boughman, Gustavo D. Aguirre

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

Segregation distortion was observed in inheritance of progressive rod–cone degeneration (prcd) in a colony of Miniature Poodle dogs. Breeding results, from both retrospective records and prospectively planned matings, were classified into five mating types: (1) affected to affected, (2) homozygous normal sire to any dam, (3) heterozygous to heterozygous, (4) heterozygous sire to affected dam, and (5) affected sire to heterozygous dam. For all but the last category, results were in accord with mendelian expectations for autosomal-recessive inheritance. However, litters of mating type 5 had fewer affected pups (20/77) than expected. The observed segregation ratio for this mating type (0.26) …

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Regional Differences In Connexin32 And Connexin43 Messenger Rnas In Rat Brain, C. Naus, Daniel Belliveau, J. Bechberger Dec 1989

Regional Differences In Connexin32 And Connexin43 Messenger Rnas In Rat Brain, C. Naus, Daniel Belliveau, J. Bechberger

Daniel J. Belliveau

The regional distribution of gap junction mRNAs was examined in the adult rat brain. The level of connexin43 mRNA is more abundant than connexin32, being homogeneously distributed throughout different regions of brain. In contrast, there is dramatic heterogeneity in the level of connexin32 mRNA, with the highest level in the hindbrain. These results suggest that the gap junction genes are differentially expressed in regions of the adult rat brain.

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Metabolic Labeling Of Rod Outer Segment Phospholipids In Miniature Poodles With Progressive Rod-Cone Degeneration (Prcd), Mary Wetzel, Christian Fahlman, Paul O'Brien, Gustavo Aguirre Dec 1989

Metabolic Labeling Of Rod Outer Segment Phospholipids In Miniature Poodles With Progressive Rod-Cone Degeneration (Prcd), Mary Wetzel, Christian Fahlman, Paul O'Brien, Gustavo Aguirre

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

The recessive genetic defect in miniature poodles which results in progressive rod-cone degeneration (prcd) has been investigated in an attempt to determine the biochemical abnormality involved. In the present study, the rod outer segments of young prcd affected miniature poodles and normal dogs have been compared with respect to the incorporation of intravitreally injected [3H]palmitic acid, [14C]linolenic acid, and [14C]docosahexaenoic acid into neutral lipids and phospholipids as well as [3H]palmitate and [14C]leucine into rhodopsin. In addition, 3 mm trephined punches of retinas were incubated with [ …

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Frequency Of The Codon 807 Mutation In The Cgmp Phosphodiesterase Β-Subunit Gene In Irish Setters And Other Dog Breeds With Hereditary Retinal Degeneration, Gustavo D. Aguirre, V Baldwin, K M. Weeks, Gregory M. Acland, Kunal Ray Dec 1989

Frequency Of The Codon 807 Mutation In The Cgmp Phosphodiesterase Β-Subunit Gene In Irish Setters And Other Dog Breeds With Hereditary Retinal Degeneration, Gustavo D. Aguirre, V Baldwin, K M. Weeks, Gregory M. Acland, Kunal Ray

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

Rod-cone dysplasia 1 (rcd1) in Irish setters is caused by a nonsense mutation in the cGMP phosphodiesterase β-subunit gene (PDE6B). We examined the frequency of the mutant allele in the Irish setter population and determined if the defect is present in dogs of other breeds which are affected with other inherited photoreceptor diseases. Between 1994 and 1997, samples were obtained from 436 clinically normal Irish setters, a red wolf, and dogs from 23 different breeds. The mutation in codon 807 of PDE6B was detected in genomic DNA by heteroduplex analysis, allele-specific PCR, or restriction enzyme digestion. …

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Ethical Decision Making By British General Practitioners, Ronald Christie, Charles Freer, Barry Hoffmaster, Moira Stewart Oct 1989

Ethical Decision Making By British General Practitioners, Ronald Christie, Charles Freer, Barry Hoffmaster, Moira Stewart

C. Barry Hoffmaster

General practitioners in England and Wales were sent a questionnaire asking how they would handle the ethical problems posed by six case vignettes and their reasons for their decisions. The ethical problems included: how much information to divulge to patients, how extensively a physician should become involved in the lifestyles of patients and how to deal with a possible family problem. The varying patterns of response to the six cases suggested that ethical issues are resolved in a case-by-case, not a theoretical, basis.

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Retinal Pigment Epithelial Glycosaminoglycan Metabolism: Intracellular Versus Extracellular Pathways. In Vitro Studies In Normal And Diseased Cells, Gustavo D. Aguirre, Lawrence E. Stramm, M Haskins Sep 1989

Retinal Pigment Epithelial Glycosaminoglycan Metabolism: Intracellular Versus Extracellular Pathways. In Vitro Studies In Normal And Diseased Cells, Gustavo D. Aguirre, Lawrence E. Stramm, M Haskins

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

The synthesis and turnover of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in different fractions of cultured feline retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were characterized. In one method of fractionation, trypsin was used to separate the extracellular components (referred to as trypsin-soluble glycocalyx) from the intracellular components. As a second method, the basal extracellular matrix (basal ECM) was separated from the rest of the GAGs (cell-associated GAGs) by extracting the cell layer with NH4OH. The incorporation of 35SO4 into cetylpyridinium chloride-precipitable GAGs in the cell-associated and the intracellular fractions increased throughout the labeling period, while in the trypsin-soluble glycocalyx and the basal ECM incorporation approached a …

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S-Antigen In A Hereditary Visual Cell Disease. Immunocytochemical And Immunological Studies, Gustavo D. Aguirre, K Long, N Philp, I Gery Oct 1988

S-Antigen In A Hereditary Visual Cell Disease. Immunocytochemical And Immunological Studies, Gustavo D. Aguirre, K Long, N Philp, I Gery

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

S-antigen is a photoreceptor-specific and potentially autoantigenic protein. Using light microscopic immunocytochemistry, the localization of S-antigen was studied in the retinas of normal dogs and Irish setters affected with rod-cone dysplasia, a hereditary retinal degeneration characterized by abnormal cGMP metabolism and arrested outer segment differentiation. Normal and affected dogs were also tested for the presence of humoral and cellular immunity to S-antigen. S-antigen was present in both rods and cones during inner and outer segment differentiation, but there was an apparent loss of immunoreactivity in cones as the retina matured. The developmental appearance and localization of S-antigen in affected retinas …

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Vitamin D And Parotid Gland Function In The Rat, C. Peterfy, A. Tenenhouse, E. Yu Mar 1988

Vitamin D And Parotid Gland Function In The Rat, C. Peterfy, A. Tenenhouse, E. Yu

Edward Yu

1. We previously reported that parotid gland secretion is decreased in rats deprived of vitamin D (Glijer, Peterfy & Tenenhouse, 1985). In the present study we examine whether this effect is a direct result of the absence of vitamin D or due to the secondary systemic effects of vitamin D deficiency. 2. Offspring of rats maintained on a calcium-supplemented (1.2%), vitamin-D-deficient diet were weaned onto the same diet and examined after 8 weeks. Using this method it was possible to maintain serum calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations within normal limits. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3) was not detectable, but 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D …

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Ethical Decision Making By Canadian Family Physicians, Ronald Christie, Barry Hoffmaster, Moira Stewart Nov 1987

Ethical Decision Making By Canadian Family Physicians, Ronald Christie, Barry Hoffmaster, Moira Stewart

C. Barry Hoffmaster

Canadian family physicians were sent questionnaires that asked how they would handle the ethical problems posed by six sample cases and what reasons were relevant to their decisions. The ethical problems concerned how much information to divulge to patients, how extensively a physician should become involved in the lifestyles of patients and how to deal with a possible family problem. The study identified characteristics of family physicians that affect their ethical decision making and tested a theoretical model that regards ethical problems as conflicts between respecting patient autonomy and promoting patient welfare. The varied responses suggested that ethical issues are …

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The Patient In The Family And The Family In The Patient, Barry Hoffmaster, Wayne Weston Sep 1987

The Patient In The Family And The Family In The Patient, Barry Hoffmaster, Wayne Weston

C. Barry Hoffmaster

The notion that the family is the unit of care for family doctors has been enigmatic and controversial. Yet systems theory and the biopsychosocial model that results when it is imported into medicine make the family system an indispensable and important component of family medicine. The challenge, therefore, is to provide a coherent, plausible account of the role of the family in family practice. Through an extended case presentation and commentary, we elaborate two views of the family in family medicine — treating the patient in the family and treating the family in the patient — and defend both as …

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Arylsulfatase B Activity In Cultured Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Regional Studies In Feline Mucopolysaccharidosis Vi., Lawrence E. Stramm, R J. Desnick, M Haskins, Gustavo D. Aguirre Jun 1986

Arylsulfatase B Activity In Cultured Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Regional Studies In Feline Mucopolysaccharidosis Vi., Lawrence E. Stramm, R J. Desnick, M Haskins, Gustavo D. Aguirre

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

Feline mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) is a recessively inherited lysosomal storage disease resulting from a deficiency of arylsulfatase B (ASB). Previous histopathologic findings have indicated that the disease is expressed morphologically in non-pigmented retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) in the posterior pole and superior equatorial regions by the accumulation of vacuolated inclusions and eventual cellular hypertrophy, while pigmented regions in the periphery are minimally affected. To determine if the regional and age-dependent variations in disease severity result from differences in residual enzyme activity, primary cultures of feline MPS VI-affected RPE were initiated from defined regions of the eye and maintained …

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The Relationship Of Nursing Work Environment To Empowerment, Genevieve Chandler Dec 1985

The Relationship Of Nursing Work Environment To Empowerment, Genevieve Chandler

Genevieve E. Chandler

This is an exploratory study of nurses' (~= 268) perceptions of work conditions. The theoretical framework was developed from Rogers' nursing model and Kanter's organizational theory. The principle of integrality from Rogers' nursing model was utilized. Integrality predicts changes in life process through the interaction of the individual and environment. Kanter's theory is more specific to the work areas with similar assumptions to Rogers specifically: The interaction between the individual and the work environment produces work behaviors. The sample was from two hospitals of similar size, purpose, and location in northeast Utah. The nurses were informed of the study through …

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Reductions In Taurine Secondary To Photoreceptor Loss In Irish Setters With Rod-Cone Dysplasia, Gustavo D. Aguirre, S Y. Schmidt Apr 1985

Reductions In Taurine Secondary To Photoreceptor Loss In Irish Setters With Rod-Cone Dysplasia, Gustavo D. Aguirre, S Y. Schmidt

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

These studies show that onset of photoreceptor cell degeneration preceded the loss of taurine in retinas of Irish setters with rod-cone dysplasia. The numbers of photoreceptor cell nuclei were within the normal adult range in affected setters at 10 through 26 days of age but declined rapidly between 26 and 45 days and more gradually thereafter; their numbers became reduced to 50% of normal at 45 days and then to 12-20% and 3-10% of normal at 192 and 346 days, respectively. Taurine concentrations increased within the photoreceptor cell layer during normal development to peak values (50 mM) at a time …

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Disease Expression In Cultured Pigment Epithelium. Feline Mucopolysaccharidosis Vi., Lawrence E. Stramm, M Haskins, R J. Desnick, Gustavo D. Aguirre Jan 1985

Disease Expression In Cultured Pigment Epithelium. Feline Mucopolysaccharidosis Vi., Lawrence E. Stramm, M Haskins, R J. Desnick, Gustavo D. Aguirre

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

Primary cultures of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells from cats with mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) have been initiated from mixed populations of cells (ie, derived from the entire eyecup and represented by both pigmented and nonpigmented RPE cells). The cells were enzymatically dissociated from the eyecup and seeded at 6 X 10(4) cells/cm2. Cells from normal and affected cats formed confluent monolayers of polygonal cells between 5-10 days in culture and maintained most of their in vivo morphologic characteristics. The only abnormality observed in the MPS VI-affected cultures was the accumulation of vacuolated intracytoplasmic inclusions; when numerous, these vacuoles caused …

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Monoclonal Antibodies: A Powerful Tool For Selecting And Analyzing Mutations In Antigens And Antibodies, Roberta Pollock, Jean-Luc Teillaud, Matthew Scharff Dec 1983

Monoclonal Antibodies: A Powerful Tool For Selecting And Analyzing Mutations In Antigens And Antibodies, Roberta Pollock, Jean-Luc Teillaud, Matthew Scharff

Roberta Pollock

Antibodies have played an important role in microbiology. In addition to their uses in classifying microorganisms and studying evolutionary relationships, antibodies are useful for detecting the microheterogeneity of proteins that arises from recombination and somatic mutation. However, the usefulness of im­ munological assays has been complicated by the difficulty of repeatedly gener­ ating large amounts of antibodies with restricted reactivity, and the heter­ ogeneity of all antisera obtained by conventional methods. These problems reflect the fact that antisera contain antibodies secreted by many antibody­ producing B cell clones; hence such antibodies are termed polyclonal anti­ bodies. Even if the same …

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The Role Of Biogenic Amines In The Regulation Of Exocrine Gland Function: A Possible Mechanism For The Pathogenesis Of Cystic Fibrosis, A. Tenenhouse, E. Yu Dec 1983

The Role Of Biogenic Amines In The Regulation Of Exocrine Gland Function: A Possible Mechanism For The Pathogenesis Of Cystic Fibrosis, A. Tenenhouse, E. Yu

Edward Yu

No abstract provided.

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Uptake, Storage And Secretion Of 5-Hydroxytryptamine And Its Amino Acid Precursor By Dispersed Rat Pancreas Acinar Cells, Ligia Stern, A. Tenenhouse, E. Yu Jun 1983

Uptake, Storage And Secretion Of 5-Hydroxytryptamine And Its Amino Acid Precursor By Dispersed Rat Pancreas Acinar Cells, Ligia Stern, A. Tenenhouse, E. Yu

Edward Yu

Rat pancreas acinar cells contain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; 10.86 +/- 2.52 ng/i.u. amylase), all of which can be accounted for by the 5-HT recovered from the zymogen granule fraction of these cells (10.70 +/- 3.06 ng/i.u. amylase). When incubated with [14C]5-HT dispersed acinar cells take up the amine and concentrate it in zymogen granules. These cells will also take up [14C]5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan), decarboxylate it and store the [14C]5-HT so produced in zymogen granules. 5-HTP itself is not taken up by the granules. 5-HT is incorporated into zymogen granules early in their formation; no amine is accumulated by mature zymogen granules and …

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Experimental Eye Research Volume 35, Issue 6, December 1982, Pages 625–642 Cover Image Retinal Degenerations In The Dog Iii Abnormal Cyclic Nucleotide Metabolism In Rod-Cone Dysplasia, Gustavo Aguirre, Debora Farber, Richard Lolley, Paul O'Brien, James Alligood, R Fletcher Nov 1982

Experimental Eye Research Volume 35, Issue 6, December 1982, Pages 625–642 Cover Image Retinal Degenerations In The Dog Iii Abnormal Cyclic Nucleotide Metabolism In Rod-Cone Dysplasia, Gustavo Aguirre, Debora Farber, Richard Lolley, Paul O'Brien, James Alligood, R Fletcher

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

In dogs bred to develop rod-cone dysplasia, retinal development is normal until 13 days of age.Afterwards, there is an arrest of visual cell differentiation. Rod inner segments remain diminutive and outer segments fail to elongate as in controls; the outer segments show lamellar disorientation and disorganization. Affected visual cells degenerate, but the degeneration process is more rapid and extensive for rods than cones.
Cyclic GMP levels become elevated in affected retinas early during the postnatal differentiation of visual cells; this elevation precedes any morphological evidence of photoreceptor disease. Retinal protein synthesis is normal during the time that retinal cGMP levels …

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Pathogenesis Of Progressive Rod-Cone Degeneration In Miniature Poodles, Gustavo D. Aguirre, James P. Alligood, P O'Brien, N Buyukmihci Oct 1982

Pathogenesis Of Progressive Rod-Cone Degeneration In Miniature Poodles, Gustavo D. Aguirre, James P. Alligood, P O'Brien, N Buyukmihci

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

Visual cell pathologic changes and outer segment renewal were investigated in miniature poodles with progressive rod-cone degeneration. Early in this disease, visual cells in the posterior pole and equatorial regions show outer segment lamellar disorientation and vesicular profiles. Visual cells are normal in the periphery. Outer segment renewal determined after intravitreal injection of 3H-leucine was abnormally slower in affected animals than in controls. This renewal abnormality was similar in structurally normal and diseased photoreceptors, suggesting that the renewal defect is the earliest recognizable abnormality in the disease. The pigment epithelium was normal; the presence and density of pigment did not …

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Pigmentary Abnormalities Of The Macula In Rhesus Monkeys: Clinical Observations, R W. Bellhorn, C D. King, Gustavo D. Aguirre, H Ripps, I M. Siegel, H C. Tsai Nov 1981

Pigmentary Abnormalities Of The Macula In Rhesus Monkeys: Clinical Observations, R W. Bellhorn, C D. King, Gustavo D. Aguirre, H Ripps, I M. Siegel, H C. Tsai

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

In a survey of 546 rhesus monkeys of various ages, 6.1% of the animals showed ophthalmoscopically visible hypopigmented spots in their maculas. There was a statistically significant correlation between the age of the animal and the degree of hypopigmentation. Electroretinographic responses and visually evoked potentials were evaluated in a selected group of monkeys with and without hypopigmented macular spots. No significant change in retinal function as a result of the macular abnormalities could be detected.

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Gyrate Atrophy Of The Choroid And Retina In A Cat, D L. Valle, A P. Boison, P Jezyk, Gustavo D. Aguirre Jan 1981

Gyrate Atrophy Of The Choroid And Retina In A Cat, D L. Valle, A P. Boison, P Jezyk, Gustavo D. Aguirre

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

An adult male, domestic short-haired cat with generalized retinal atrophy was found to have a 60-fold increase in plasma ornithine and ornithinuria. Ornithine-8-aminotransferase activity was undetectable in its tissues and in its cultured skin fibroblasts. This feline condition is thus analogous to gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina in humans.

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Family Medicine As A Social Science, Barry Hoffmaster Dec 1980

Family Medicine As A Social Science, Barry Hoffmaster

C. Barry Hoffmaster

The branch of clinical medicine most likely to qualify as a social science is family medicine. Whether family medicine is a social science is addressed in four steps. First, the nature of family medicine is outlined. Second, the extent to which social science knowledge is used in family practice is discussed. Third, the extent to which family medicine can qualify as a social science is considered with respect to an orthodox model of the social sciences, that is, one that emphasizes affinities between the natural and social sciences. Finally, the same question is addressed with respect to an unorthodox model …

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Murine Cell Surface Immunoglobulin: Two Native Igd Structures., Roberta Pollock, Matthew Mescher Mar 1980

Murine Cell Surface Immunoglobulin: Two Native Igd Structures., Roberta Pollock, Matthew Mescher

Roberta Pollock

Murine spleen cell surface IgD is found in two forms upon SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. Both IgDI and IgDII are present on the surface of intact cells and appear to be native structures. Neither form could be accounted for by proteolytic degradation or disulfide bond rearrangement. IgDII has an apparent m.w. of 96,000, suggesting an HL structure. IgDI has an apparent m.w. of 150,000, approximately 33,000 daltons lower than that expected for an H2L2 structure. Significant variation in the relative amounts of IgDI and IgDII was found when mice of different strains were examined.

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Ethical Considerations In Caring For Retarded Patients, Ronald Christie, Barry Hoffmaster Oct 1979

Ethical Considerations In Caring For Retarded Patients, Ronald Christie, Barry Hoffmaster

C. Barry Hoffmaster

The treatment of the mentally retarded patient may raise dramatic ethical issues for the family physician. A case is used to illustrate an example of ethical decision-making and the moral issues explored.

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The Dynamics Of Passavant's Ridge In Subjects With And Without Velopharyngeal Insufficiency--A Multi-View Videofluoroscopic Study, Robert Shprintzen, Glaser E., Mcwilliams B., Skolnick M. Dec 1978

The Dynamics Of Passavant's Ridge In Subjects With And Without Velopharyngeal Insufficiency--A Multi-View Videofluoroscopic Study, Robert Shprintzen, Glaser E., Mcwilliams B., Skolnick M.

Robert J. Shprintzen

Passavant's ridge was studied in 43 patients via multiview videofluoroscopy incorporating the simultaneous recording of speech. Ratings of the videotapes were made at full speed, in slowmotion, and by stop-framing. The following results were found: (1) Just as there are variable patterns of velopharyngeal closure, there were also variations in the way in which Passavant's ridge is positioned relative to the velum, and in the ridge's subsequent role in velopharyngeal narrowing or closure. (2) The ridge was the primary pharyngeal structure at the level of the velum that closed or locally narrowed the velopharyngeal portal in 37% of patients. (3) …

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Congenital Stationary Night Blindness: An Animal Model, D A. Witzel, R D. Wilson, E L. Smith, Gustavo D. Aguirre Jul 1978

Congenital Stationary Night Blindness: An Animal Model, D A. Witzel, R D. Wilson, E L. Smith, Gustavo D. Aguirre

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

Electroretinographic studies of myctalopic Appaloosa horses demonstrated photopic and scotopic abnormalities similar to those in humans with congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) of the Schubert-Bornschein type. The phototopic abnormalities consisted of reduced b-wave amplitudes and slower than normal b-wave implict time. The dark-adapted ERG's consisted of a simple negative potential; the scotopic b-wave was nonrecordable. However, a normal c-wave was present in the dark-adapted response. Histologic studies demonstrated no structural abnormalities that could explain the functional defect.

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The Electroretinogram In Dogs With Inherited Cone Degeneration, Gustavo D. Aguirre Oct 1975

The Electroretinogram In Dogs With Inherited Cone Degeneration, Gustavo D. Aguirre

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

The electroretinogram (ERG) of hemeralopic Alaskan malamute dogs contains only rod components. There is absence of the photopic b-wave which is normally elicited with red light stimuli during dark adaptation and, using flicker stimulation, only the first or rod branch of the flicker fusion response curve is present. At high stimulus intensity levels, the flicker response of hemeralopes is absent. A normal ERG is recorded from affected dogs using blue light stimuli and low intensity white light. In the adult hemeralope, the retina contains no cones.

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Pathology Of Hemeralopia In The Alaskan Malamute Dog, Gustavo D. Aguirre Feb 1974

Pathology Of Hemeralopia In The Alaskan Malamute Dog, Gustavo D. Aguirre

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

A strain of Alaskan malamute dogs has been found to have day blindness (hemeralopia), a genetic anomaly transmitted as a simple autosomal recessive trait. The diagnosis was based on the absence of ophthalmoscopically visible abnormalities and the presence of complete blindness during daylight with return to visual function in dim light. These findings remained unchanged throughout the animal's life.

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