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Articles 1 - 30 of 143
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Evaluating Causes Of Sinus Tachycardia In The Pediatrics Population And Managing In A Primary Care Setting, Guillemette Calderwood
Evaluating Causes Of Sinus Tachycardia In The Pediatrics Population And Managing In A Primary Care Setting, Guillemette Calderwood
Capstone Showcase
This article’s goal is to fill a gap in research that compares causes of tachycardia in children by appropriately addressing epidemiology, what is physiologically happening with tachycardia, symptoms that may be associated with it, as well as a differential diagnosis. This review specifically discusses positional orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, anxiety, hyperthyroidism, as well as infection. This is important and needed in order to help providers in diagnosing the cause for this common arrhythmia.
The Role Of Primary Care Providers In Maintaining Weight Loss By Preventing Behavioral Relapse, Hayden R. Blanchard
The Role Of Primary Care Providers In Maintaining Weight Loss By Preventing Behavioral Relapse, Hayden R. Blanchard
Capstone Showcase
Supporting patients in optimizing health by treating obesity remains a relevant goal for primary care providers. While weight loss is frequently achieved with behavioral modification, maintaining weight loss by avoiding behavioral relapse is much more difficult. Patient may lose weight by reducing overall energy intake, incorporating intensive behavior change programs, utilizing pharmacotherapy as needed and, in certain cases, undergoing bariatric surgery. With a focus on behavior change and maintenance, primary care providers can support patients by planning more frequent follow up appointments, at least every one to three months. In these visits, PCPs can: focus on reenforcing lifestyle change principles …
Impact Of Sleep Deprivation On Stress And Performance In Students: Best Interventions, Brianna Crowley
Impact Of Sleep Deprivation On Stress And Performance In Students: Best Interventions, Brianna Crowley
Capstone Showcase
Sleep is an essential part of physical and mental well-being, yet, many individuals underestimate its importance.1,2,4 Sleep deprivation can lead to a variety of detriments including memory loss, disorganized thinking, and mood changes.3,6,7 Because of this, academic performance can be directly impaired as well, which further perpetuates a vicious cycle of sleep deprivation and increasing stress.8 Interventions to help improve sleep include adequate sleep hygiene, appropriate physical exercise, lifestyle changes, practicing mindfulness, and using pharmaceutical aids. Providers must continue to address this common issue among patients as it truly impacts various aspects of life and follow good …
Emerging Unconventional Therapies For Glioblastoma Multiforme, Danielle Morang
Emerging Unconventional Therapies For Glioblastoma Multiforme, Danielle Morang
Capstone Showcase
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor occurring in adults with a median survival of less than two years. It is a highly invasive tumor characterized by genetic heterogeneity, angiogenesis, and rapid proliferation. Patients undergo a multimodal treatment regimen consisting of surgical resection and chemoradiation therapy, yet GBM tumors almost always recur with a worsening prognosis. The molecular and genetic complexities of GBM pose a significant challenge for developing effective therapeutics. Thus, it is imperative to identify new therapeutic targets and explore novel treatment strategies to improve patients’ overall survival time and quality of …
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer: Research, Trends & Challenges, Sarah E. Smith
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer: Research, Trends & Challenges, Sarah E. Smith
Capstone Showcase
Early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) incidence and mortality are rising in a global trend, contrasting with improvements seen in late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC). EOCRC appears to differ in presentation, histology, and pathology from LOCRC painting concerns of a more aggressive tumor profile. With incidence steadily climbing, there is still lacking awareness and guidance on screening for EOCRC. This article aims to provide background on EOCRC including epidemiology, risk factors, and traits, as well as to explore methods for adjusting provider screening criteria to combat this concerning trend.
Migraine Treatment In Primary Care, Vivian Tran
Migraine Treatment In Primary Care, Vivian Tran
Capstone Showcase
Migraines are a common problem that medical providers encounter, especially in primary care, neurology, and the emergency department. Given that 15% of the population suffers from migraines annually, it is important for providers to know how to diagnose migraines. Migraines may also present as a symptom of another disorder, so being able to recognize whether symptoms are alarming is crucial to start the correct workup. The mainstay abortive therapy for migraines is ibuprofen, and for prophylactic therapy is topiramate. However, CGRP targeted medications like gepants and CGRP mAbs may be the new treatment of choice for abortive and prophylactic treatment …
Basic Principles Of Chronic Wound Care Management, Mahi-Ruhi Ladhani Jain
Basic Principles Of Chronic Wound Care Management, Mahi-Ruhi Ladhani Jain
Capstone Showcase
This CME article aims to address the basics of chronic wound management, especially related to chronic venous insufficiency, peripheral arterial disease, and diabetes. Many providers do not know how to treat or manage chronic wounds and may use outdated methods to treat the wounds. There are many wound care supplies and resources available for providers when it comes to wound care management. However, the information is spread out across different resources. This article aims to create a resource that allows one to have a basic understanding of wounds and the different ways to manage them. In the article, I will …
Examining The Efficacy Of Treatments For Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Michael Podcasy
Examining The Efficacy Of Treatments For Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Michael Podcasy
Capstone Showcase
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a disease that affects the sensory, motor, sudomotor, vasomotor and trophic systems of patients. The pathophysiology is currently unknown and the diagnostic criteria that is used, the Budapest criteria, has its own shortcomings. This had led to hurdles in the research of the disease and well as a lack of high-quality studies on the efficacy of the many treatments currently being used to treat CRPS today. This poster explores those concepts.
Cme: Pcos Diagnostic Criteria, Lindsay R. Phillips
Cme: Pcos Diagnostic Criteria, Lindsay R. Phillips
Capstone Showcase
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, or PCOS, is a hormonal imbalance that can affect females of reproductive ages and is described as women having high androgen levels, irregular menstrual cycles, and small cysts on one or both ovaries. PCOS is difficult to accurately diagnose since the diagnostic criteria are vague and the disease falls on a wide spectrum of symptoms, leaving women underdiagnosed. Previous research has shown marked improvement in the diagnostic criteria for PCOS over the years. However, due to the vagueness in symptoms, most of the criteria has been created through expert opinion based on subjective data vs objective data. …
Introducing Comprehensive Sexuality Education And Hiv Prevention And Treatment Methods Through Pop-Up Clinics To Secondary School Girls In Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, Eliza I. Tobin, Joaquin Carlos Pinga, Caitlyn Stanya
Introducing Comprehensive Sexuality Education And Hiv Prevention And Treatment Methods Through Pop-Up Clinics To Secondary School Girls In Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, Eliza I. Tobin, Joaquin Carlos Pinga, Caitlyn Stanya
Capstone Showcase
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system leading to people living with HIV (PLHIV) immunodeficient and more susceptible to other infections or diseases (UNAIDS, 2023b). This can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) within 8-10 years of infection (UNAIDS, 2023b). HIV does not always present symptoms, making it hard for people to identify their HIV status without proper screening. The lack of awareness around a person’s status has led HIV to spread worldwide. In addition to the worldwide spread of HIV, there is no cure for the disease, however, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is mainly used …
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus Radiculopathy In Athletes, Elizabeth G. Massel
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus Radiculopathy In Athletes, Elizabeth G. Massel
Capstone Showcase
Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), commonly referred to as intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation, is the second most common cause of neck and back pain, and most common cause of radiculopathy. The purpose of this CME article is to provide guidance on the medical management and secondary prevention of HNP in athletic populations, and highlight the pathophysiological process of mechanical overload putting athletes at a proportionately higher risk of the disease. It will address the unique pathophysiology of overuse-related HNP, as opposed to underuse, with the mechanical overload on vertebral discs associated with many sports. It will also review, with more emphasis …
A Thoughtful Approach To Weight Loss Management, Zachary Brock
A Thoughtful Approach To Weight Loss Management, Zachary Brock
Capstone Showcase
As a student preparing to graduate PA school, one of the areas I hope to improve upon is my ability to educate patients in a comfortable, caring, encouraging, and effective manner. In my experience, the topic of weight-loss is often handled in ways that are insensitive, making patients feel shameful about their condition and less inspired to change. The goal of this article will be to address the current literature on how to medically manage obesity in patients and combine resources that offer more effective, encouraging, and subtle approaches that will help lead to a more effective, shame-free treatment of …
Diagnosis And Management Of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome, Sara Read
Diagnosis And Management Of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome, Sara Read
Capstone Showcase
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a chronic and debilitating condition that can be encountered in a multitude of clinical settings. It is classified as a functional gastrointestinal disorder and is often misdiagnosed. Proper identification and management of this condition are crucial to patient care and quality of life. This article reviews the hypothesized etiologies, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of CVS as well as recommendations for management in a variety of settings. As an understudied and underdiagnosed condition, it is important that clinicians have a basic understanding of this disorder.
Considerations In The Management Of Juvenile Absence Epilepsy In Pregnancy And In Females Of Childbearing Age, Casey Brew
Capstone Showcase
JAE is an epilepsy syndrome that typically requires lifelong AED treatment, and valproic acid or lamotrigine is considered first line to manage the spectrum of associated seizures. In females with JAE who become pregnant, there exist risks both from having uncontrolled seizures and from taking AEDs during the pregnancy. Valproic acid carries the highest risks to the fetus but is the most effective in controlling the seizure types seen with JAE. Folic acid supplementation has shown to mitigate some but not all of the fetal risks from valproic acid. Limited guidance from professional organizations exists for management of females of …
Management Of Opioid Use Disorder In Primary Care, Carolyn Jeffries
Management Of Opioid Use Disorder In Primary Care, Carolyn Jeffries
Capstone Showcase
The prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) in the United States, and worldwide, has drastically increased in the span of 2-3 years. OUD is considered chronic condition and as such requires routine care over a lifetime. This makes OUD patients excellent candidates to be managed by primary care providers (PCPs). This article discusses the various barriers to treatment of OUD in a primary care setting as well methods and models that aim to mitigate these barriers. We will also review how to take a detailed assessment of an OUD patient, mainstays of medication assisted treatment (MAT), and management of side …
Increasing Inpatient Volume And Efficiency Through Decreasing Readmission Rates At Fox Chase Cancer Center, Courtney Pokallus, Islande Victorin
Increasing Inpatient Volume And Efficiency Through Decreasing Readmission Rates At Fox Chase Cancer Center, Courtney Pokallus, Islande Victorin
Capstone Showcase
This paper outlines the semester long strategic plan created by Islande Victorin and Courtney Pokallus for Fox Chase Cancer Center. This strategic plan includes a background of the organization, SWOT analysis on the organization, identification of potential problems and a gap analysis, a strategic summary, and all outlines and plans for the strategic plan.
One In Every Twenty-Six, Rey'na Riggans
One In Every Twenty-Six, Rey'na Riggans
Capstone Showcase
There is a disorder that is rather common within the world and yet is not well known. It is a something that affects one in every twenty-six individuals. It is called epilepsy. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder in which a person to experience bursts of random electrical activity within their brains, these bursts being called "seizures." This article discusses this disorder and goes into detail about the forms of it, procedures that are done to try and help those living with epilepsy, and artwork that is inspired by this disorder.
Acute Otitis Media: Management And Recurrence In The Pediatric Population, Sydney Klaiman
Acute Otitis Media: Management And Recurrence In The Pediatric Population, Sydney Klaiman
Capstone Showcase
Acute otitis media (AOM) is one the the most common condition that affects the pediatric population. AOM place burden on affected children, caregivers, the healthcare system, and also contributes to antibiotic resistance. In many cases, AOM is not just a one-time occurrence and is the most common reason that kids receive oral antibiotics and undergo surgery. Relative to the number of articles available, there is a large gap in the research that does not thoroughly address recurrent AOM (rAOM) and the importance of its management and prevention. Therefore, the goal of this poster is to discuss different modalities used to …
Inpatient Management Of An Intravenous Drug User With Tetanus, Nina Paris
Inpatient Management Of An Intravenous Drug User With Tetanus, Nina Paris
Capstone Showcase
Tetanus is rare in the United States now due to the tetanus vaccine but there is still the potential too see patients with tetanus. IV drug users, neonates, and geriatric populations are at an increased risk of developing tetanus. Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani, a spore forming and exotoxin releasing anaerobic bacteria. The symptoms of tetanus are caused by the exotoxin tetanospasmin which inhibits the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, leading to sustained neuronal stimulation. The classic symptoms of tetanus are lockjaw (trismus), neck stiffness, back arching, and fever. Patients can be febrile, tachycardic, tachypneic, and hypertensive on exam. …
Managing Neonatal Pain: A Guideline For Non-Neonatal Providers, Kelly Stanton
Managing Neonatal Pain: A Guideline For Non-Neonatal Providers, Kelly Stanton
Capstone Showcase
Neonatal pain, especially in settings outside of the NICU or newborn nursery, is often under-recognized or even unnoticed altogether. Many providers and parents do not know how to recognize when a neonate is in pain and many do not know how to minimize or alleviate this pain effectively. Even when providers know how to assess pain in neonates, they typically assess for acute pain in the presence of chronic pain, or vice-versa. Untreated pain in neonates harms brain development and can lead to behavior defects later in life for these babies. Due to these outcomes, the recognition and effective treatment …
Choosing The Route Of Delivery: A Discussion Of Vaginal And Cesarean Births, Camille Green
Choosing The Route Of Delivery: A Discussion Of Vaginal And Cesarean Births, Camille Green
Capstone Showcase
The percentage of cesarean deliveries in the United States has increased to a rate of 32.1%, double what the World Health Organization recommends as an ideal rate for maternal and fetal benefits. The majority of cesarean sections are performed on women who have never had the procedure before and this increases the risk for subsequent cesarean deliveries. Half of the indications for primary cesarean delivery were found to be non-reassuring fetal heart tracings and arrest of labor, both of which are subject to obstetric provider judgment and comfort level. Among these there is also an increasing incidence of elective primary …
Cme: Vitamins, Antidepressants, And The Placebo Effect - How To Help Your Patients, Nicko Inocencio
Cme: Vitamins, Antidepressants, And The Placebo Effect - How To Help Your Patients, Nicko Inocencio
Capstone Showcase
Depression affects roughly 280 million people globally. The disease puts patients at increased risk for stroke, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes. The psychosocial causes of depression are well-known, but the biochemical causes are multifactorial. Theories range from homocysteine excess, calcium modulation at the neuron, inflammation, cortisol elevation, and disruption of the HPA axis. At the center, however, is serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Pharmacologic treatment directly aims at modulation of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. First-line treatment is a combination of SSRIs/SNRIs with cognitive behavioral therapy. If patients do not see improvement with the above therapy other agents such as bupropion, mirtazapine, …
Exploring Factors Contributing To Compassion Fatigue In Emergency Departments And Possible Interventions, Neggin Assadi
Exploring Factors Contributing To Compassion Fatigue In Emergency Departments And Possible Interventions, Neggin Assadi
Capstone Showcase
The ED is a fast paced, busy, and unpredictable environment. Increased exposures to death, suffering, and trauma can make the ED a stressful environment and makes providers more susceptible to a phenomenon called compassion fatigue (CF), a diminished ability to feel compassion towards those they are tasked to care for. Three main contributors to CF in the ED are a poor workplace environment, workplace aggression/violence, and traumatic events. Exploring what contributes to these stressors and proposing ways to reduce them can help ED providers combat CF.
How And Why Do Race And Gender Affect Adhd Diagnosis Levels?, Caitlin N. Bennett
How And Why Do Race And Gender Affect Adhd Diagnosis Levels?, Caitlin N. Bennett
Capstone Showcase
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder of the brain that impairs one’s daily functioning and focus. Previous research has shown that two groups are disproportionately under-diagnosed: females and Black people. It is important to understand why these groups, and possibly others, are under-diagnosed as those without a diagnosis do not get the treatment that they need. Literature reveals that differences in symptom presentation (inattentive vs. hyperactive), biases in symptom reports, barriers to accessing mental healthcare, and negative stigmas about, and within, certain groups lead to the under-diagnosis of females and Black people. In conclusion the diagnostic criteria of ADHD …
Non-Pharmaceutical Symptom Management In Patients With Pcos, Allison Stern
Non-Pharmaceutical Symptom Management In Patients With Pcos, Allison Stern
Capstone Showcase
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a relatively common diagnosis among biological females. There are many variations of presentations among patients with PCOS that require an individualized and tailored treatment plan for symptom management. Although there are pharmaceutical medications that can be used for PCOS symptoms, some patients’ symptoms might not be fully managed, or they might prefer to focus on non-pharmaceutical options for their symptoms instead. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to be familiar with alternatives to the mainstay of pharmaceutical treatment.
The Positive Effects Of Medical Cannabinoids On The Dysregulated Endocannabinoid System In Autism Spectrum Disorder Patients, Caroline J. Reichelderfer
The Positive Effects Of Medical Cannabinoids On The Dysregulated Endocannabinoid System In Autism Spectrum Disorder Patients, Caroline J. Reichelderfer
Capstone Showcase
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability. The symptoms include a lack of social skills, a need for repetitive patterns of life, difficulty in communication, speaking deficits and numerous other symptoms. While the specific cause is unknown, there is much research being done on mechanisms including dysregulations of the immune system, endocannabinoid system, and overall brain (Nez Govorova 2021, Pol 2021). The Endocannabinoid system is a recently discovered branch of the nervous system composed of endocannabinoids which are produced naturally in the body; lipid-based neurotransmitters that bind to cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) and cannabinoid receptor proteins that are expressed throughout …
High Energy Blue Light Induces Oxidative Stress And Retinal Cell Apoptosis, Jessica Malinsky
High Energy Blue Light Induces Oxidative Stress And Retinal Cell Apoptosis, Jessica Malinsky
Capstone Showcase
Blue light (BL) is a high energy, short wavelength spanning 400 to 500 nm. Found in technological and environmental forms, BL has been shown to induce photochemical damage of the retina by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Excess ROS leads to oxidative stress, which disrupts retinal mitochondrial structure and function. As mitochondria amply occupy photoreceptors, they also contribute to oxidative stress due to their selectively significant absorption of BL at 400 to 500 nm. ROS generation that induces oxidative stress subsequently promotes retinal mitochondrial apoptosis. BL filtering and preventative mechanisms have been suggested to improve or repair BL-induced retinal damage, …
Vitamin D Enhanced Vitamin D Receptor (Vdr) Inhibition Of Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation Can Attenuate The Development Of Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Alexzon Mandac
Vitamin D Enhanced Vitamin D Receptor (Vdr) Inhibition Of Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation Can Attenuate The Development Of Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Alexzon Mandac
Capstone Showcase
Autoimmune Thyroiditis (AIT) is a prevalent autoimmune disease affecting approximately 2% of the population. Characterized by the gradual loss of thyroid function through an autoimmune attack on the thyroid gland, the disease manifests symptoms that negatively affect one’s quality of life. The mechanisms behind the disease’s pathophysiology are not fully understood; however, researchers are examining the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the disease. This thesis will address the question of whether Vitamin D can act as an inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome and attenuate the progression of AIT in mouse model. Current investigations explore the effects of NLRP3 inhibition …
Continuing Medical Education On Immunothombosis In Sepsis, Vivienne Van Nguyen
Continuing Medical Education On Immunothombosis In Sepsis, Vivienne Van Nguyen
Capstone Showcase
In the past decades, the incidence of sepsis complicated by immunothrombosis has increased in critically ill patients, especially those with sepsis and septic shock. Despite intensive surveillance and prevention of the underlying causes, these disease syndromes are frequently fatal. The increased incidence of immunothrombosis in sepsis has been accompanied by many critical issues and concerns regarding current diagnostic and treatment protocols. This paper offers a concise critical assessment of the current state of knowledge about sepsis and immunothrombosis among clinicians in the ICU as well as problem concerning the recognition of sepsis and immunothrombosis and their management.
Recolonization Of Microbiomes’ Influence On Autism Spectrum Disorder, Hattie Cole
Recolonization Of Microbiomes’ Influence On Autism Spectrum Disorder, Hattie Cole
Capstone Showcase
In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of studies conducted on the complications of gastrointestinal (GI) comorbidities associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children. Some of these GI issues include irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diarrhea and constipation. The causes of these disorders are poorly understood. The dominant gut phyla are Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Research conducted on children with ASD compared with typical developing (TD) children showed higher ratios of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in the ASD group. Biflobacterium, Actinobacteria phyla, has been shown to be a good intestinal bacterium that may help with …