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Articles 31 - 60 of 802
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Family Needs Of Patients Admitted To Intensive Care Units At A Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study, Tariq Ali
Theses & Dissertations
Background: The admission of patients to the ICU is a distressing emergency. Family members of ICU patients suffer from anxiety and depression compounded by disrupted routines and role conflicts. Nurses often prioritise patient care over family support, while the family goes ignored. The family members staying in hospital have different physical and psychological needs. Family members frequently bear the responsibility of making critical decisions for the patients. The unmet important family needs add to their stress and anxiety.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the self-perceived importance of family needs in the ICU using the CCFNI Scale and identifying socio-demographic …
Perceptions Of Intensive Care Nurses And Physicians Regarding Interprofessional Collaboration In Intensive Care Unit Of A Tertiary Care Hospital In Karachi: An Exploratory Qualitative Study, Waheed Ullah
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) is crucial in healthcare, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). Effective Interprofessional Collaboration between physicians and nurses in patient care can reduce hospital stays, improve the quality of care, and enhance the health outcomes of patients. It has been determined that Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) is a key policy method foming healthcare personnel and patient safety challenges and improving the healthcare organization.
Purpose: This study aims to explore the perceptions of ICU nurses and physicians regarding IPC in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. It also investigates the factors that facilitate and limit IPC, thereby impacting …
Association Between Patient Safety Culture And Missed Nursing Care Among Nurses At A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan, Zaifullah Khan
Association Between Patient Safety Culture And Missed Nursing Care Among Nurses At A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan, Zaifullah Khan
Theses & Dissertations
Background: This study seeks to investigate the relationship between Patient Safety Culture (PSC) and Missed Nursing Care (MNC) in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. It stands out for its focus on healthcare setting in a developing country, addressing a significant gap in existing literature.
Purpose: The aim is to assess PSC, determine the prevalence of MNC among nurses, investigate their correlation, and examine the impact of demographic factors, including identifying the most frequent missed nursing care and their underlying reasons, providing valuable insights for healthcare systems in developing countries.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical approach was adopted, involving …
A Mixed Methodological Approach To Study The Feasibility Of An End-Of-Life Care Pathway, Noureen Azizullah Mistry
A Mixed Methodological Approach To Study The Feasibility Of An End-Of-Life Care Pathway, Noureen Azizullah Mistry
Theses & Dissertations
Background: The growing significance of end-of-life care in response to the increasing prevalence of chronic illnesses and aging populations has prompted recognition of the need for patient-centred care. Care pathways are employed worldwide to offer comprehensive end-of-life care to patients in various healthcare settings. In Pakistan, there is a recognised need to evaluate the feasibility of introducing an end-of-life care pathway.
Objectives: This study aimed to (a) determine the feasibility of using an end-of-life care pathway for hospital-based and home-based palliative care patients, and (b) explore the experiences and opinions of registered nurses piloting the pathway.
Methods: An explanatory sequential …
Exploring Experiences Of Alarm Response And Alarm Fatigue Among Nurses Working In The Icu Of A Tertiary Care Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan: A Qualitative Study, Shenila Shamsuddin
Exploring Experiences Of Alarm Response And Alarm Fatigue Among Nurses Working In The Icu Of A Tertiary Care Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan: A Qualitative Study, Shenila Shamsuddin
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Alarm fatigue is a significant concern within the healthcare sector, marked by the excessive exposure of healthcare practitioners to clinical alarms. This prolonged exposure can result in desensitization and delay nurse’s responsiveness to vital warnings. The occurrence of inaccurate alarms intensifies desensitization, undermining confidence in alarm systems and potentially leading nurses to ignore alarms. Alarm fatigue is a prevalent issue of worldwide significance, which calls for more investigation to effectively tackle these issues and enhance understanding of alarm systems to get the best possible treatment results. However, there is a lack of study undertaken in Pakistan about the investigation …
Assessment Of Preoperative Anxiety, Its Contributing Factors, And Impact On Immediate Postoperative Outcomes Among Cardiac Surgery Patients - A Cross-Sectional Study, Naveen Nizar Ali
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Preoperative anxiety is characterized by an intense sensation of fear, apprehension, and nervousness. In the domain of cardiac surgery, the assessment and management of preoperative anxiety is of paramount importance, as it plays a pivotal role in shaping the patient's surgical experience and immediate postoperative outcomes. While the etiology of preoperative anxiety is multifaceted, the influence of sociodemographic factors in this context is of paramount importance. However, limited studies have been conducted in developing countries regarding this phenomenon.
Purpose: The study aimed to identify the frequency of preoperative anxiety, its contributing factors, and its impact on immediate postoperative outcomes …
Qualitative Research Exploring Perceptions About Umbilical Cord Care Practices Among Mothers/Caregivers Of Neonates Admitted At A Children Hospital Managed Through A Public-Private Partnership, Ruqia Yasmeen
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Newborns in LMICs face high mortality rates. Multiple factors contribute to these moralities. Among these are unhygienic conditions, and infection of the umbilical cord stump. Unhealthy cultural practices, lack of awareness, myths, and socioeconomic status are key barriers to newborn care. In Pakistan, nearly 300,000 newborns die annually, highlighting the need for improved newborn care.
Objectives: This study is aimed to explore the perceptions and knowledge of mothers/caregivers about umbilical cord care.
Methodology: The qualitative descriptive exploratory design was employed to explore mothers' and caregivers' understanding of cord care through in-depth interviews. Fifteen interviews were conducted at a children's …
Exploring The Patients’ And Family Members’ Perspectives On Home-Based Palliative Care, Nadia Sultan Ali
Exploring The Patients’ And Family Members’ Perspectives On Home-Based Palliative Care, Nadia Sultan Ali
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Home health care is considered as a partial substitute for institutional long-term care, because patients and families with known poor prognoses prefer to stay home with their loved ones and people mostly cannot bear the cost of care at the hospital. Therefore, the importance of home-based palliative care is raised via a shared and coordinated model for saving lives through care.
Purpose: To explore patients' and family members' perspectives and experiences of receiving home-based palliative care services.
Method: This was a qualitative exploratory study conducted in Karachi, targeting patients and family members receiving home-based palliative care services. The data …
Prevalence Of Depression In Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases, Faryal Ghafoor
Prevalence Of Depression In Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases, Faryal Ghafoor
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Approximately 17.3 million individuals across the globe lose their lives to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), with a majority of these cases occurring in low-to-middle-income countries. The incidence of cardiovascular disease in Pakistan is 918 cases per 100,000 individuals. Depression frequently impacts the health, expenses, and prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease.
Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression among CVD patients at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and explore the influence of co-morbidities, marital status, age, and educational background on one's status, regarding depression.
Method: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University …
Comparison Of Physical Activity Levels Among School-Age Adolescents In The Rural And Urban Areas Of District Swat Kpk, Pakistan- An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study, Imran Uddin
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Obesity and overweight represent significant global public health concerns. Young adolescents are in particular increasingly experiencing obesity and overweight due to their sedentary lifestyles, excessive electronic media use, and lack of physical activity (PA). This trend is linked to the development of non-communicable diseases in later life. Moreover, data regarding the lack of PA is available in Pakistan, but a gap exists in the comparative analysis of physical activity levels between rural and urban adolescents. Rural and urban areas exhibit distinctions in both geographical settings and technological advancements, potentially influencing the PA levels of their respective inhabitants.
Purpose: The …
Factors Hindering The Care Of Geriatric Patients Admitted In A Tertiary Care Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan, Muhammad Shoaib
Factors Hindering The Care Of Geriatric Patients Admitted In A Tertiary Care Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan, Muhammad Shoaib
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Older adult’s patient care presents multiple challenges to nurses due to their growing numbers worldwide. According to WHO in 2020 the number of older adults aged 60 and above is one billion and by 2050 this population will be doubled. The current geriatric population of Pakistan is above eight million and is estimated to reach twenty-seven million by 2050. This increasing trend of the geriatric population poses a greater challenge to the compromised healthcare systems in Pakistan, healthcare workers especially nurses struggle hard due to limited resources, lack of knowledge regarding geriatric, and the frailty of older patients, to …
The Experiences Of Nurses Regarding Practice Change In Maintaining Nine Months Clabsi-Free Medical Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Study At A Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, Safia Islamuddin
Theses & Dissertations
Background: CLABSI’s are serious healthcare-associated infections resulting from central venous catheters which are predominantly used in ICUs. Nurses, as frontline caregivers, play a critical role in preventing CLABSIs. Their views often highlight the importance of strict protocols, vigilance, and teamwork to minimize CLABSI risks, enhancing patient safety. Studies in low-middle countries like, Pakistan till yet have focused on investigation CLABSI incidents, knowledge of it and associated factors. From a unit with a long-term record of being free from CLABSIs can offer valuable insights into identifying best practices, replicating them, and understanding the obstacles involved in achieving a CLABSI-free environment.
Objectives: …
Experiences Of Indigenous Women With Maternal Nutrition In Climate Change (Cold Weather) In Rural Bajaur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: Implications For Maternal-Infant Health, Ihsan Ullah
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Pakistan is one of the countries that is most susceptible to the effects of climate change. The country’s Northern regions have experienced several extreme cold weather events, including floods, heavy snowfall, and heavy rains, in recent years, significantly impacting maternal and infant health. Indigenous child-bearing age women in the northern rural areas are the most vulnerable populations experiencing food insecurity, disruptive food systems, increasing food prices, and disrupting food production due to climate change exacerbation.
Aim of the study: The study aimed to explore the experiences of indigenous women with maternal nutrition in harsh winter caused by climate change …
Nursing Faculty Perspective On Simulation Based Education: A Qualitative Exploratory Study At Public And Private Nursing Schools In Karachi, Pakistan, Saira Mehboob Ali Lalani
Nursing Faculty Perspective On Simulation Based Education: A Qualitative Exploratory Study At Public And Private Nursing Schools In Karachi, Pakistan, Saira Mehboob Ali Lalani
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Simulation-based education (SBE) provide novice and proficient student nurses a platform to learn and practice skills in a simulated environment, to become safe and competent nurses. This pedagogy is especially beneficial for those studying healthcare-related domains, as it permits students to gain hands-on expertise that is much more real and facilitating than the traditional methods of teaching. The role of nursing faculty is crucial in this process. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of nursing faculty members regarding SBE, as well as the facilitators and barriers of SBE.
Research Methods: An exploratory qualitative research …
Stress And Its Associated Factors In Mothers With Preterm Infants In A Private Tertiary Care Hospital Of Karachi, Pakistan, Salima Akbar
Stress And Its Associated Factors In Mothers With Preterm Infants In A Private Tertiary Care Hospital Of Karachi, Pakistan, Salima Akbar
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Preterm births are the leading cause of death worldwide. Preterm births not only have devastating effects on the new born, but they also have psychological effects on the mothers. Identifying stress related to preterm births, and the factors associated with the stress among mothers with preterm infants is of great importance, for providing sound care to the newborns and their mothers. This study aimed to assess the level of stress and the factors associated with increased level of stress among mothers with preterm infants, in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.
Purpose: The study aimed to answer the …
Experiences Of Sexual And Reproductive Health Among Women Undergoing Haemodialysis In Pakistan: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study, Misbah Zafar
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Sexual and reproductive health is an essential component of a woman’s life that includes respectful and satisfying sexual relationships without coercion and violence, as well as couples' decisions about whether and when to have children. Reproductive-age women undergoing haemodialysis experience numerous sexual and reproductive health challenges as a consequence of their physical and psychological health conditions, negatively impacting their overall well-being. However, they are reluctant to seek assistance from healthcare professionals despite having many sexual and reproductive health issues. Concerning this, it was necessary to explore in-depth, the phenomenon of lived experiences of sexual and reproductive health among reproductive-age …
The Knowledge, Experiences, And Barriers Associated With Male Involvement In Family Planning At Lal Qila, District Dir (Lower), Kpk, Pakistan: A Descriptive Exploratory Study, Jalal Khan
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Pakistan is one of the world’s most populous countries with a high growth rate. The overgrowth in population negatively affects the country’s socioeconomic progress in many aspects, like education, housing, employment, and health. Family Planning (FP) is the best way to reduce the fertility rate and control population overgrowth through contraception. FP positively impacts the mother's health and the productive results of every pregnancy.
Purpose: This study aims to explore the knowledge, experiences, and barriers associated with male involvement in family planning.
Method: A qualitative exploratory design was used with a purposive sampling technique to explore the perceptions of …
Concept Of Health-Related Quality Of Life Among People With Heart Failure In Karachi, Pakistan, Anny Ashiq Ali
Concept Of Health-Related Quality Of Life Among People With Heart Failure In Karachi, Pakistan, Anny Ashiq Ali
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, are a leading cause of global mortality. The mortality rate for cardiovascular diseases is on the rise, with 80 % to 86 % of fatalities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including Pakistan. Among NCDs, heart failure (HF) is a condition for which there is no cure, and patients rely on supportive treatments to maintain their quality of life. HF not only affects physical well-being but also has far-reaching consequences on the emotional, social, and cognitive aspects of life. In the context of Pakistan, where unique healthcare, sociocultural, and economic factors prevail, the …
Nurses’ Perceptions Regarding The Use Of The Nursing Process; A Descriptive Qualitative Study At Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan, Kashif Khan
Theses & Dissertations
Background: The Nursing Process (NP) is a comprehensive approach to care, integrating nursing intuition, goal-oriented tasks, patient-centered care, critical thinking, and evidence-based practice (EBP). It aims to enhance patient outcomes and well-being by identifying, treating, and preventing health problems. Widely acknowledged as a valuable instrument in healthcare, it emphasizes the crucial function of nursing. This study fills the gap in the literature by exploring nurses' perspectives on the utilization of the NP in Pakistan.
Purpose: The study aimed to explore nurses' perceptions regarding the use of the nursing process and to identify the barriers and facilitators to its implementation in …
Exploring The Lived Experience Of Significant Other Caregivers Providing Care To Partners Surviving A Spinal Cord Injury, Lisa Ann Lumley
Exploring The Lived Experience Of Significant Other Caregivers Providing Care To Partners Surviving A Spinal Cord Injury, Lisa Ann Lumley
Theses & Dissertations
According to the World Health Organization, 250,000 to 500,000 people worldwide have suffered a spinal cord injury. Significant others may become caregivers responsible for meeting the needs of the dependent partner. The focus of this study is on significant other caregivers’ experiences providing care for partners after a spinal cord injury. The effects of stress from providing care may be detrimental to caregivers' psychological and physical well-being. Psychological distress, such as anxiety and depression in caregivers, is a significant public health issue that affects the quality of life for millions of individuals. There is a lack of studies focusing on …
Exploring The Experiences Of Mothers Who Attended The Kangaroo Mother Care Facility In A Tertiary Care Hospital In Swat, Pakistan: A Descriptive Qualitative Study, Muhammad Nasir
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Globally, four million neonates die yearly, and the substantial reasons for the deaths are low birth weight and being preterm. The neonate mortality rate was 18 per thousand live births in the year 2021, which means that approximately 7000 deaths occur worldwide daily. Pakistan is among the top ten countries with many preterm births.
Purpose: To explore the mother’s experiences with KMC, and the motive is that it will reduce the neonate's mortality rate by preventing preterm babies from hypothermia.
Method: A qualitative descriptive study design was used to explore the mothers’ experiences who attended the KMC facility. The …
Design And Synthesis Of Small Molecule Drugs For Cns Disorders, Kirsten T. Tolentino
Design And Synthesis Of Small Molecule Drugs For Cns Disorders, Kirsten T. Tolentino
Theses & Dissertations
Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter for the regulation and long-term function of the central nervous system (CNS). DA binds to Dopamine Receptors (DR) to stimulate or inhibit adenyl cyclase production to further elicit a pharmacological response. DRs were cloned, and it was determined that there are two families separated by their function and five total subtypes distinguished by their amino acid structure. The Dopamine 4 receptor (D4R) is the second least studied subtype but has high expression in the frontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, globus pallidus, substantia nigra pars reticula, and thalamus. Dopamine signaling and transmission, especially in the …
Exploiting Vulnerabilities In The Ras-Rac Signaling Pathway For The Selective Targeting Of Pancreatic Cancer Cells, Neha Chaudhary
Exploiting Vulnerabilities In The Ras-Rac Signaling Pathway For The Selective Targeting Of Pancreatic Cancer Cells, Neha Chaudhary
Theses & Dissertations
Deregulation of the KRas (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus) GTPase is one of the early hallmarks of Pancreatic Cancer (PC). The most common genetic alteration found in PC are mutations in the KRas protein that block its ability to hydrolyze GTP to GDP and resulting in higher levels of GTP-bound KRas, its active form. Pancreatic tumors driven by oncogenic mutants of KRas tend to be addicted to the oncogene, to the extent that its repression leads to the induction of cell death. This addiction to the KRAS oncogene makes the KRas protein an ideal target for cancer therapy. However, the globular …
An Exploration Of Policies, Equity, And Emerging Threats To The Traffic Safety Environment In The U.S., Sachi Verma
An Exploration Of Policies, Equity, And Emerging Threats To The Traffic Safety Environment In The U.S., Sachi Verma
Theses & Dissertations
Road traffic crashes are among one of the leading causes of death around the globe. Additionally, it also causes long-term physical disabilities, mental trauma, and financial pressure. By implementing road safety guidelines such as speed limits, drug and alcohol checkpoints, restraints, and penalties, motor vehicle crashes can be reduced. Road traffic crash survival primarily depends on emergency medical service's timely triaging. Rapid triaging and reduced response times can help road traffic crash morbidities and mortalities. However, several factors can be responsible for EMS delays in responding to a fatal crash. This dissertation aims to observe multiple factors related to EMS …
Understanding Healthcare Worker Experiences And Personal Protective Equipment (Ppe)-Related Skin Reactions/Injuries During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Approach, Susan Solmos
Theses & Dissertations
Personal protective equipment (PPE)-related facial skin reactions/injuries occurred in 75.13% of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Critical appraisal of cross-sectional studies identified methodological gaps as the majority of survey questions were not content-validated and those that were lacked descriptions of methods and psychometrics for the survey questions/tool. The aims of this dissertation study were to describe the nature, severity, and distribution of selfie captured PPE-related facial injuries using a validated tool (quantitative) and describe the contextual factors associated with PPE-related facial injuries and what factors influence nurses and Health Care Workers (HCWs) to share their experiences (qualitative). The setting …
Association Of Inflammatory Markers And Growth Factors With Radiographically Assessed Wound Healing Of Extraction Sockets, Sasha Mohammadi
Association Of Inflammatory Markers And Growth Factors With Radiographically Assessed Wound Healing Of Extraction Sockets, Sasha Mohammadi
Theses & Dissertations
The purpose of this prospective cohort pilot study was to investigate the association of the periodontal status and inflammatory markers from the gingival crevicular and wound fluid with the healing outcomes following tooth extraction. The central research hypothesis is that extraction sites and the adjacent teeth that exhibit increased markers of inflammation, or decreased growth factors, at baseline or 2 weeks will be associated with reduced healing outcomes observed radiographically 3 months following surgery. Nine patients at the UNMC College of Dentistry who were seeking care to extract a posterior tooth due to advanced periodontal bone loss, non-restorable caries or …
Improving Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Through Rehabilitation And Biomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Strategies, Yunfan Kong
Improving Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Through Rehabilitation And Biomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Strategies, Yunfan Kong
Theses & Dissertations
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common problem worldwide, with trauma being a common cause. PNI can lead to loss of sensory and motor functions, chronic neuropathic pain, and mental health issues, significantly impacting patients' family life, work, and social situation. Recent studies revealed that beyond the topical injury site at peripheral nerves, PNIs can also induce dysfunctions in the central nervous system (CNS) by causing maladaptive plasticity, which will result in exaggeration and exacerbation of the pathological condition caused by primary injuries. The common therapy strategies for PNI treatment are using sutures, nerve autografts or conduits in cases requiring …
The Importance Of Contrast Sensitivity, Color Vision, And Electrophysiological Testing In Clinical And Occupational Settings, Frances Silva
The Importance Of Contrast Sensitivity, Color Vision, And Electrophysiological Testing In Clinical And Occupational Settings, Frances Silva
Theses & Dissertations
Visual acuity (VA) is universally accepted as the gold standard metric for ocular vision and function. Contrast sensitivity (CS), color vision, and electrophysiological testing for clinical and occupational settings are warranted despite being deemed ancillary and minimally utilized by clinicians. These assessments provide essential information to subjectively and objectively quantify and obtain optimal functional vision. They are useful for baseline data and monitoring hereditary and progressive ocular conditions and cognitive function. The studies in this dissertation highlight the value of contrast sensitivity, color vision, and cone specific electrophysiological testing, as well as the novel metrics obtained with potential practical clinical …
The Efficacy Of Analgesic Subdissociative Dose Ketamine In Trauma Casualties Treated By U.S. Military Special Operations Medical Professionals In A Prehospital Environment, Darin Schwartz
Theses & Dissertations
Research Focus. This study’s main objective was to determine the efficacy of sub-dissociative ketamine to reduce the pain of trauma casualties treated by U.S. military medical professionals in a prehospital environment evidenced by the 0–10 numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain. Research Methods. This quantitative study was accomplished using a pragmatic approach integrating social cognitive theory complemented by mixing methods using qualitative phenomenological influence through narrative inquiry. This exploratory retrospective, cross-sectional study, utilizing a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design, used deidentified sample data (N = 47) for secondary analysis from U.S. Special Operations medical providers and were included in a casualty …
Effect Of Computerized Cognitive Training In Persons With Multiple Sclerosis, Sam Jack
Effect Of Computerized Cognitive Training In Persons With Multiple Sclerosis, Sam Jack
Theses & Dissertations
Between one million and 1.75 million persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) worldwide are estimated to suffer from cognitive impairment. Unfortunately, there is currently no consensus on the best treatment for cognitive impairment in PwMS. Finding non-pharmacological interventions to mitigate cognitive decline is essential to ensure that quality of life for PwMS matches our ability to treat and mitigate their physical symptoms of MS. Computerized cognitive training has emerged as a potential option for PwMS suffering from cognitive impairment. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of computerized cognitive training with BrainHQ on changes in cognitive impairment for …