Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Is Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Of High-Risk Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (All) Patients More Effective In Preventing Future Relapses Of Disease And/ Or Mortality In Comparison With Chemotherapeutic Regimens Alone?, Patricia A. Ajizadeh

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not allogeneic SCT of HR pediatric ALL patients is more effective in preventing future relapses of disease and/or mortality in comparison with chemotherapeutic regimens alone.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary randomized controlled trial studies published between 1996 and the present.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized controlled trial studies were found using PubMed.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Each of the three studies evaluated the incidence of recurrent disease and/or mortality in high-risk pediatric ALL patients. These outcomes were analyzed according to the following categories: duration of event-free survival …

Are Anti Depressants Effective In The Treatment Of Depressed Patients Who Do Not Seek Psychotherapy?, Joseph D. Mcgluinness

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not anti depressants are effective in the treatment of depressed patients who do not seek psychotherapy.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of all English language primary randomized controlled trials published from 2000-2009.

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized controlled trials were found using OVID, Medline, EbscoHost, Pubmed, and Cochrane databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The three trials measured the change in the severity of depression symptoms using different outcomes: The Montgomery Asburg Depression Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Hopkins Symptom Checklist Depression Scale.

RESULTS: Hermens et al. found that the use of …

Are Probiotics Safe And Effective In Reducing The Incidence Of Diarrhea In Hiv-Positive Individuals?, Christina K. Horvath

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not probiotics are safe and effective in reducing the incidence of diarrhea in HIV-positive individuals.

Study Design: Systematic review of three English language primary studies, published in 1998, 2007, and 2008.

Data Sources: Three double-blind, randomized, controlled trials published after 1996, comparing administration of probiotics with placebo, were obtained using EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Cochrane databases.

Outcomes Measured: Frequency and consistency of stools. Daily or weekly questionnaires allowed subjects to report perceived severity of symptoms using scales containing descriptive words and figures with corresponding numeric values. Subjects were …

Are Naltrexone Implants More Effective Than Oral Drug And/Or Behavioral Therapy At Reducing Heroin Use In Recovering Heroin Dependent Adults?, Amy K. Makl

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective evidence based medicine review is to determine whether or not a naltrexone implant is more effective than oral drug therapy and/or behavioral therapy at reducing heroin use in recovering heroin dependent adults.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies published from 2007 to 2010.

DATA SOURCE: Three randomized controlled trails comparing naltrexone implants to oral naltrexone, methadone, and usual aftercare found using Ovid, Pub med and Cochrane databases

OUTCOME MEASURED: The primary outcomes measured by all three studies all three articles measured frequency of heroin use by self report

RESULTS: Hulse et …

Do Antidepressants Improve The Quality Of Life And Decrease The Severity Of Symptoms In Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome?, Courtney E. Houde

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not the use of antidepressants improves the quality of life and decreases the severity of symptoms in patients with IBS.

Study Design: Review of three English language, double-blind, randomized controlled trials published in 2009.

Data sources: Randomized controlled trials comparing the use of three different antidepressants to a controlled placebo were found on PubMed, OVID and the Cochrane database.

Outcome(s) Measured: Primary end point was overall bowel symptom score at the end of twelve weeks. Secondary end points include individual BSS for each irritable bowel syndrome subset, …

Do Inhaled Corticosteroids Cause An Increased Risk For Developing Or Worsening A Patient’S Diabetes Mellitus?, Jarrod R. Luttjohann

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) cause an increased risk for developing or worsening a patient’s diabetes mellitus (DM).

STUDY DESIGN Review of three English language primary studies published in 1993, 2009 and 2010.

DATA SOURCES A nested case-control analysis, a randomized control trial and a prospective randomized, doubleblind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, crossover investigation comparing the onset and/or progression of diabetes mellitus in patients using ICS were found using Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED Incidence or progression of diabetes was measured using a combination of oral glucose …

Does Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation Provide Better Outcomes Than Microfracture In The Repair Of Articular Knee Defects?, Jazmyn Manzouri

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation is more effective than microfracture in the repair of articular knee defects.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies published in 2009 and 2010.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized controlled trials comparing Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation and Microfracture found using PubMed, MedLine and Cochrane Database.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Clinical outcome measured by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). The primary measure of outcome was evaluated using the KOOS questionnaire with subdomains of ADL’s, pain, symptoms, stiffness and quality of life. KOOS data was …

Does Dasatinib Improve Outcomes And Tolerability In Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia As Compared To Imatinib?, Brian Merusi

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not dasatinib improves outcomes and tolerability in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia as compared to imatinib.

Study Design: Review of three English language, non-blinded randomized controlled trials from 2009, 2010, and 2010.

Data Sources: Randomized, controlled, non-blinded clinical trials comparing dasatinib to imatinib or comparing dasatinib once daily vs dasatinib twice daily, found using the PubMed database.

Outcomes measured: Overall survival and progression-free survival were measured at one and two years after initiation of therapy. Safety profiles and incidence of adverse effects were also measured. This is …

Does Exercise Alleviate The Symptoms Of Postpartum Depression?, Sioban L. Kane

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not exercise alleviates the symptoms of postpartum depression.

STUDY DESIGN: This review consists of 2 randomized control trials, published in 2009 and 2010, and one cohort study published in 2009.

DATA SOURCES: Sources were studies comparing aerobic exercise to groups who performed no exercise which were found via Pubmed, MEDLINE, Ovid and Cochrane databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The three articles measured various outcomes: Psychological well being, depressive symptoms and hospital admission or medication due to postpartum depressive symptoms which were measured through phone interviews and surveys. The Hamilton …

Does Pre-Hospital Therapeutic Hypothermia Improve The Functional And Survival Status Of Patients Post Cardiac Arrest?, Stephanie Corsi

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not prehospital therapeutic hypothermia improves the functional and survival status of post cardiac arrest patients.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies, two of which were published in 2007 and one in 2010.

DATA SOURCES: Two randomized, controlled, clinical trials and one cohort study comparing pre-hospital therapeutic hypothermia to induction of therapeutic hypothermia upon hospital admission, and to standard normothermic post cardiac arrest care. All were found using Medline, OVID, and Cochrane Systematic databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: An outcome measured was functional status at hospital discharge, …

Is Deep Brain Stimulation (Dbs) An Effective Treatment For Refractory Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (Ocd) In Adults?, Kate M. Luczyszyn

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Abstract not available.

Is Pilates An Effective Treatment For Improving Functional Disability And Pain In Patients With Nonspecific Low Back Pain?, Koren V. Fleming

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Is Pilates an effective treatment for improving functional disability and pain in patients with nonspecific low back pain?”

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies, two of which were published in 2006 and the other in 2009.

DATA SOURCES: Three single-blind randomized control trials comparing the Pilates method of treatment to a control group that did not receive Pilates intervention were found using PubMed and EBSCOhost databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Each of the studies had patients participate in Pilates sessions for six to seven weeks. …

Does Levothyroxine Improve Exercise Capacity In Patients With Thyroid Disease?, Kathryn J. Hegener

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not levothyroxine improves exercise capacity in patients with thyroid disease.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies published in peer-reviewed journals in 2000, 2005, and 2009

DATA SOURCES: Two randomized control trials and one clinical trial comparing leveothyroxine to euthryroid were found using Medline, and PubMed databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Each of the three studies measured heart rate and blood pressure before during, and after exercise in patients to determine the effect levothyroxine has on both heart rate and blood pressure

RESULTS: One RCT found that …

Does The Use Of Ginger Extract Effectively Help Patient With Obesity Loses Weight?, Linh H. Nguyen

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not ginger extract (NT) effectively helps obese patient loses weight.

Study Design: Two randomized controlled studies to determine the effectiveness of ginger extract in weight loss and a cross sectional observational study.

Data Sources: Randomized controlled studies published after 2006 relating to ginger extract (NT) and weight loss. Data obtained using PubMed, CINAHL, and OVID databases written in English.

Outcomes Measured: Studies measured weight loss, food intake, and safety such as pulses and blood pressure. Subjects are evaluated at baseline with CMP, CBC and urinalysis weekly.

Results: …

Does The Use Of An Oral Lipase Inhibitor (Orlistat) Increase Appetite?, Sandra Boyd

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether or not Orlistat ingested prior to a meal causes an increased appetite response.

STUDY DESIGN: A Review of three randomized controlled trials studies from 2003-2008 that were in the English language.

DATA RESOURCES: Randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of Orlistat on satiety were found using PubMed, OVID, and Cochrane databases.

OUTOMES MEASURED: Outcomes measured in the studies were: sensation of appetite, hunger, fullness, nausea, bloating, heartburn, belching, epigastric burning, and prospective food consumption. Each study measured individual patient responses using a VAS (visual analogue scale). Demarchi et al (2004) used a gastric barostat to measure …

Is Intravenous Ramosetron 0.3 Mg Effective In The Prevention Of Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting In Women Undergoing Gynecologic Surgery?, Keith S. Elsner

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not intravenous ramosetron 0.3 mg is effective in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in women undergoing gynecologic surgery.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary research articles published later than 1995.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trials comparing intravenous ramosetron to placebo or other control groups were identified using Ovid MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Measured outcomes include a complete response to the intervention within the first 24-48 hours, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, need for rescue antiemetic, …

Does Whole Body Vibration (Wbv) Therapy Positively Affect The Motor Skills Of Patients Who Have Been Diagnosed With Parkinson’S Disease?, Courtney Forsyth

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether Whole Body Vibration (WBV) therapy positively affects the motor skills of patients who have been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of 3 English language primary studies. All three were randomized control trials; one was rater blinded and one double blinded with a placebo.

DATA SOURCES: All of the articles were Randomized Control Trials found using the PubMed database.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Each of the three studies looked at the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease patients before and after Whole Body Vibration Therapy. Each study used the Unified Parkinson’s Disease …

Does Tadalafil Improve Exercise Capacitance In Patients Over 12 Years Old With Pulmonary Hypertension?, Erin Chesnavich

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether or not the oral Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Tadalafil improves exercise capacitance in those over 12 years with pulmonary hypertension.

Study Design: Review of three primary research materials published in English language in 2009. Data Sources: Randomized, controlled, double blind clinical trials found using PubMed, OVID and COCHRANE databases.

Outcome measured: Trials measured 6-minute walking distance and health related quality of life measurements which included: SF-36 (a measure of self reported health status), and the EQ-5D (a patient reported health related quality of life measure), WHO functional class, clinical worsening, and …

In Adult Patients With Acute Pyelonephritis, Is Levofloxacin A More Effective Treatment Than Ciprofloxacin?, Gabrielle V. Krekstein

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether or not levofloxacin is a more effective treatment than ciprofloxacin in adult patients with Acute Pyelonephritis (AP).

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary double-blind randomized controlled trial studies comparing levofloxacin to ciprofloxacin for the treatment of AP in adults.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized controlled double-blind comparative trials were found using Cochrane, PubMed, and Science Direct databases.

OUTCOME MEASURED: All studies measured three outcomes: microbiologic eradication, clinical response, and safety and tolerability of the medication. Microbiologic eradication was measured by urine culture which demonstrated a reduction of pathogens to/mL. …

Does The Use Of Intravenous Zoledronic Acid, In Combination With Chemotherapy Regimens, Arrest The Development And Spread Of Cancer Cells To Increase Disease-Free Survival In Breast Cancer Patients?, Dara Colasurdo

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Does the use of intravenous zoledronic acid, in combination with chemotherapy regimens, arrest the development and spread of cancer cells to increase disease-free survival in breast cancer patients.“

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary randomized controlled trials published between 2009 and 2010.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized controlled trials and open label, randomized, phase 2 trial comparing the use of zoledronic acid in combination with chemotherapy to the use of chemotherapy alone were found using Medline/PubMed and Cochrane Databases

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcomes measured were incidence …

Is 1.25 Mg Oral Fingolimod Effective In Reducing Relapses In Adults With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis?, Caitlin M. Cook

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether or not is 1.25 mg oral fingolimod effective in reducing relapses in adults with relapsing multiple sclerosis.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies published between 2006 and 2010.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials comparing daily 1.25 mg oral fingolimod to either identical placebo capsules or weekly intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy were found using Pubmed and Cochrane Databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Annualized relapse rate was assessed in all studies. Relapses were confirmed by neurologists and assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) to evaluate worsening …

Is Acupuncture An Effective Treatment For Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy?, Sherri A. Kowalczuk

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not acupuncture is an effective treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies, one published in 2007 and two of which were published in 2010.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized controlled trials investigating the use of acupuncture for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Sources were found using PubMed and Cochrane databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcomes measured include the severity of pain from DPN, blood glucose control, and effects on quality of life such as sleep, mood states, and gain or loss …

Is Acupuncture Effective In Reducing Itch Intensity And Wheal Size In Patients With Dermatologic Conditions?, Melanie Schwer

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether acupuncture is effective in reducing itch intensity and wheal size in patients with dermatologic conditions.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of all English language primary randomized controlled trials published after 1984

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized controlled trials were found using Pubmed database.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The three trials measured various outcomes: Visual Analog Scale (VAS); Eppendorf Itch Questionnaire; Cumulative Itch Index; Perimeter of wheal and flare size before, during, & after acupuncture; Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)

RESULTS: Belgrade et al. found statistically significant improvement in itch intensity and flare …

Is Afrin (Oxymetazoline) A Safe And Effective Drug In Normal, Healthy Adults With Reference To Nasal Congestion And The Nasal Response?, Allie Rubinstein

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not, “Is Afrin (Oxymetazoline) a safe and effective drug in normal, healthy adults with reference to nasal congestion and the nasal response?”

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies published in 1997, 1999, 2003.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized, controlled studies (double-blind, placebo-controlled) testing the efficacy and safeness of Afrin in comparison to a placebo group, were found using the PubMed database.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Nasal patency, congestion, degree of nasal blockage, and symptoms (quantity, consistency, color of nasal secretions, turbinate size/color) were measured through patient diary card …

Is Asenapine More Effective Than Other Interventions In The Treatment Of Adult Patients With Bipolar I Disorder?, Mary H. Tsakiris

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not Asenapine is more effective than other interventions in the treatment of adult patients with bipolar I disorder.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary randomized controlled trial studies published from 2009-2010.

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized controlled trials studying the effectiveness of Asenapine in the treatment of mania in adult patients with bipolar I disorder in comparison to other interventions.

OUTCOME MEASURED: Outcomes measured were reduction in severity of manic symptoms and tolerability of the medication. The severity of manic symptoms was measured using the Young …

Is Aspirin Effective In Helping To Prevent Breast Cancer In Women Ages 45 Years And Older?, Kristen M. Quartuccio

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not aspirin is effective in helping to prevent breast cancer in women ages 45 years and older.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies published in 2005, 2007, and 2008

DATA SOURCES: Two randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trials and one prospective, population based cohort study comparing aspirin to placebo were found using PubMed and Cochrane databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Breast cancer development was measured in several ways. Tumor characteristics were measured at diagnosis, including size, metastasis to lymph nodes, histology of the mass, histology …

Is Ceftobiprole A Safe And Effective Treatment For Skin And Skin Structure Infections?, Laura Thompson

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether or not ceftobiprole is a safe and effective treatment for complicated skin and skin structure infections

STUDY DESIGN: Review of all English language primary randomized controlled trials from 1996-2010

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized controlled trials were found using Pubmed and Cochrane databases

OUTCOMES MEASURES: Skin or skin-structure infection cure with ceftobiprole intervention and adverse effects of this new pharmaceutical. Cure or failure to cure skin infection was determined based on both clinical and microbiological assessment. Adverse events were measured based on patient reports, clinician reports, labs, and vital sign …

Is Etanercept A Safe And Effective Treatment For Ankylosing Spondylitis?, Robyn M. Albert

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not etanercept is a safe and effective treatment for ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Study Design: Review of three English language randomized control trials published in 2007, 2008, and 2010.

Data Sources: Two double-blind placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials and one placebo-controlled randomized control trial comparing etanercept to placebo were found using PubMed.

Outcomes Measured: Work instability was measured through the Ankylosing Spondylitis Work Instability Scale (AS-WIS) based on scores of 1-20. Quality of life was measured through the EuroQOL-5D (EQ-5D), which assesses mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. …

Is Dabigatran Non-Inferior To Warfarin For The Prevention Of Stroke In Those With Atrial Fibrillation?, Brittany Burlakoff

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether or not dabigatran 150 mg twice daily is non-inferior to warfarin for the prevention of stroke in those with atrial fibrillation with similar rates of bleeding events.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of 3 English language primary studies. All three trials were randomized controlled trials which were blinded for those receiving dabigatran and un-blinded for those receiving warfarin.

DATA SOURCES: Articles were found using PUBMED and COCHRANE databases.

OUTCOME MEASURED: The primary outcomes of these studies were either incidence of stroke or systemic embolism and/or major bleeding events.

RESULTS:The RE-LY …

Is Fixed-Combination Prostaglandin Analog/Β-Blocker Therapy Safe And More Effective Than Β-Blocker Monotherapy In The Prevention Of Disease Progression In Adults With Open-Angle Glaucoma?, My-Hang Pham

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether fixed-combination prostaglandin analog/β-blocker therapy is safe and more effective than β-blocker monotherapy in the prevention of disease progression in adults with open-angle glaucoma.

Study Design: Review of three English language randomized controlled trials published in 2008 and 2010.

Data sources: 3 randomized, controlled, double-blind trials comparing fixed-combination prostaglandin analog/β-blocker therapy to β-blocker monotherapy were found using Pubmed, Medline, and Cochrane databases.

Outcome Measured: Disease progression/regression was assessed by post-baseline measurement of IOP during three follow-up visits throughout the trials. The safety profile of each therapy was …