Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Evaluation Of Cross-Reactivity To Taenia Hydatigena And Echinococcus Granulosus In The Enzyme-Linked Immunoelectrotransfer Blot Assay For The Diagnosis Of Porcine Cysticercosis, Lucho Gomez-Puerta, Ana Vargas-Calla, Yesenia Castillo, Maria Teresa Lopez-Urbina, Pierre Dorny, Hector H. Garcia, Armando E. Gonzalez, Seth E. O'Neal

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background:

Taenia solium is an important zoonotic parasite that infects humans as definitive host (taeniasis) and pigs as intermediate host (cysticercosis). Serological diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis is limited to antigen detection using ELISA, which is known to cross-react with other Taenia species, and antibody detection using the lentil-lectin glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (LLGP EITB), which has not been adequately evaluated for cross-reactivity to other parasites. Field studies suggest that the GP50 diagnostic band of the LLGP EITB may crossreact to Taenia hydatigena, a common non-zoonotic parasitic infection of pigs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the specificity of …

Words Matter: Putting An End To “Unsafe” And “Risky” Sex, Julia L. Marcus, Jonathan Snowden

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Change is constant in sexual health, as in health care more broadly. Novel pathogens are identified, epidemics emerge and reemerge, and new preventive and therapeutic agents are introduced and taken up by populations. On the other hand, some care strategies and practices fall by the wayside among clinicians and populations. Just as health and health care evolve, so too should the language that we use to describe them.

In this commentary, we express our concerns about the use of ambiguous and stigmatizing language when describing sexual behavior. A search on PubMed in September 2019 yielded over four thousand articles with …

Alternative Payment Models And Hospital Engagement In Health Information Exchange, Sunny C. Lin, John M. Hollingsworth, Julia Adler-Milstein

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objectives:

To assess whether hospital participation in alternative payment models (APMs) is associated with greater engagement in health information exchange (HIE) along 4 dimensions: volume of patients for whom information is exchanged, diversity of information types, breadth of partner types, and depth of technical approach.

Study Design:

Pooled, cross-sectional analysis of data on US hospitals from 2014–2015.

Methods:

APM participation came from Leavitt Partners data, Medicare public use files, and the American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual Survey. We used Medicare data to measure HIE volume for 798 hospitals attesting to stage 2 Meaningful Use and the AHA Information Technology Supplement …

Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated With Venous Thromboembolism, John Gregson, Stephen Kaptoge, Thomas Bolton, Lisa Pennells, Peter Willeit, Carlos J. Crespo, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Importance It is uncertain to what extent established cardiovascular risk factors are associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Objective To estimate the associations of major cardiovascular risk factors with VTE, ie, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.

Design, Setting, and Participants This study included individual participant data mostly from essentially population-based cohort studies from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (ERFC; 731 728 participants; 75 cohorts; years of baseline surveys, February 1960 to June 2008; latest date of follow-up, December 2015) and the UK Biobank (421 537 participants; years of baseline surveys, March 2006 to September 2010; latest date of follow-up, February …

Female Sex And Cardiovascular Disease Risk In Rural Uganda: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study, Itai M. Magodoro, Maggie Feng, Crystal North, Dagmar Vořechovská, John D. Kraemer, Bernard Kakuhikire, David Bangsberg, Alexander C. Tsai, Mark J. Siedner

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background:

Sex-based differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden are widely acknowledged, with male sex considered a risk factor in high-income settings. However, these relationships have not been examined in sub- Saharan Africa (SSA). We aimed to apply the American Heart Association (AHA) ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) tool modified by the addition of C-reactive protein (CRP) to examine potential sex-based differences in the prevalence of CVD risk in rural Uganda.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study nested within a population-wide census, 857 community-living adults completed physical and laboratory-based assessments to calculate individual ideal CVH metrics including an eight category for CRP levels. …

Family Caregiver Satisfaction With Inpatient Rehabilitation Care, Kristine T. Hanson, Kathleen F. Carlson, Greta Friedemann-Sanchez, Laura A. Meis, Courtney H. Van Houtven, Agnes C. Jensen, Sean M. Phelan, Joan M. Griffin

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction:

Informal family caregivers play an increasingly important role in healthcare. Despite their role in ongoing management and coordination of care, caregiver satisfaction with the healthcare services care recipients receive has been understudied. We sought to assess what influences caregiver satisfaction with inpatient care provided to their care recipient among caregivers of veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and polytrauma.

Methods:

Data from the Family and Caregiver Experience Survey, a national survey of caregivers of veterans with TBI and polytrauma, was used to explore factors associated with caregiver satisfaction with the care his/her care recipient received while an inpatient at …

Social Norms, Misperceptions, And Mosquito Net Use: A Population‑Based, Cross‑Sectional Study In Rural Uganda, Jessica M. Perkins, Paul J. Krezanoski, Sae Takada, Bernard Kakuhikire, Vincent Batwala, Alexander Tsai, Nicholas A. Christakis, David R. Bangsberg

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Mosquito net use is an essential part of malaria prevention. Although previous research has shown that many people sleep under a mosquito net in endemic areas, it is unknown whether people underestimate how common it is to sleep under a net every night. Furthermore, perceived social norms about whether most others sleep under a mosquito net every night may contribute to personally sleeping under a net, given decades of research showing that people often mimic others’ behaviours.

Methods: Population-based data were collected from 1669 adults across eight villages in one rural parish in southwestern Uganda. Individuals’ perception about whether …

Geospatial-Temporal, Demographic, And Programmatic Adoption Characteristics Of A Large-Scale Water Filter And Improved Cookstove Intervention In Western Province, Rwanda, Katie Fankhauser, Corey L. Nagel, Christina Barstow, Miles Kirby, Evan A. Thomas

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Lowering the global disease burden of preventable disease has been addressed in part by the distribution of health products and behavior change campaigns in low-income countries. Realizing a health impact requires adoption by participants, and the topic of program uptake and sustained adoption has been studied extensively, although an ecological context is largely missing from existing work. This study characterizes self-reported and observed adoption of improved cookstoves and point-of-use water filters among nearly 80,000 households in Rwanda using demographic and programmatic variables from implementer surveys and integration of geospatial and temporal data based on differentiated recipient location. The odds of …

Use Of Single Irbs For Multi-Site Studies: A Case Report And Commentary From A National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network Study, Ceilidh Nichols, Lynn E. Kunkel, Robin Baker, Eve Jelstrom, Megan Addis, Kim Hoffman, Dennis Mccarty, P. Todd Korthuis

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Recent NIH policy stipulates that multi-site studies must use a single or IRB (Institutional Review Board) in order to streamline the review process while maintaining standards for human subjects protection. The Western States Node of the Clinical Trials Network (CTN) used a single IRB for protocol CTN-0067, a clinical trial testing the use of an opioid antagonist (extended-release naltrexone) versus opioid agonists (buprenorphine or methadone) for opioid use disorders among individuals living with HIV. This case study discusses the processes and challenges associated with use of a single IRB. These lessons are also informed by other single IRB experiences within …

Comparative Assessment Of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Diagnostic Assays For Use In Resource-Limited Settings, A. Ayebare, Lisa M. Bebell, Joel Bazira, S. Ttendo, V. Katawera, David Bangsberg, Mark J. Siedner, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: The rise of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is a global health concern. Paucity of data on MRSA carriage prevalence and diagnostic methods in resource-limited settings hampers efforts to define the problem and plan an appropriate response. Additionally, high variability in cost and logistical characteristics of MRSA screening methods may impede infection control efforts. We compared the performance of locally-available chromogenic agar BD CHROMagar MRSA II and two PCR-based assays (Hain GenoQuick MRSA and Cepheid Xpert SA Complete) for the detection of asymptomatic MRSA carriage in nasal swabs.

Results: During 2015, we enrolled 500 patients from five hospital …

Exploring The Extent Of The Hikikomori Phenomenon On Twitter: Mixed Methods Study Of Western Language Tweets, Pereira-Sanchez, Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon, Angel Asunsolo Del Barco, Melchor Alvarez-Mon, Alan R. Teo

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Hikikomori is a severe form of social withdrawal, originally described in Japan but recently reported in other countries. Debate exists as to what extent hikikomori is viewed as a problem outside of the Japanese context. Objective: We aimed to explore perceptions about hikikomori outside Japan by analyzing Western language content from the popular social media platform, Twitter. Methods: We conducted a mixed methods analysis of all publicly available tweets using the hashtag #hikikomori between February 1 and August 16, 2018, in 5 Western languages (Catalan, English, French, Italian, and Spanish). Tweets were first classified as to whether they described …

Impacts Of An Opioid Overdose Prevention Intervention Delivered Subsequent To Acute Care, Caleb J. Banta-Green, Phillip O. Coffin, Joseph O. Merrill, Jeanne M. Sears, Chris Dunn, Norbert D. Yanez, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background Opioid overdose is a major and increasing cause of injury and death. There is an urgent need for interventions to reduce overdose events among high-risk persons.

Methods Adults at elevated risk for opioid overdose involving heroin or pharmaceutical opioids who had been cared for in an emergency department (ED) were randomised to overdose education combined with a brief behavioural intervention and take-home naloxone or usual care. Outcomes included: (1) time to first opioid overdose-related event resulting in medical attention or death using competing risks survival analysis; and (2) ED visit and hospitalisation rates, using negative binomial regression and adjusting …

Protocol For A Longitudinal Study To Evaluate The Use Of Tenofovir-Based Prep For Safer Conception And Pregnancy Among Women In South Africa, Lynn T. Matthews, Manjeetha Jaggernath, Yolandie Kriel, Patricia Smith, Kasey O’Neil, David Bangsberg, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction Women who choose to conceive a baby with a partner living with HIV or a partner whose HIV serostatus is unknown in HIV-endemic settings need prevention strategies to mitigate HIV acquisition during conception and pregnancy.

Methods and analysis We are conducting a single-arm longitudinal study offering oral tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for periconception use to 350 HIV-uninfected women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PrEP is offered as part of woman-centred safer conception programme that promotes couples-based HIV counselling and testing, antiretroviral therapy for partners who are HIV-infected, treatment for sexually transmitted infections and safer conception strategies, such …

Making The Business Case For An Addiction Medicine Consult Service: A Qualitative Analysis, Kelsey C. Priest, Dennis Mccarty

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background

As the drug poisoning crisis worsens in North America and opioid use disorder (OUD)-related hospital admissions increase, policymakers and hospital administrators are beginning to recognize the important role of hospitals in the OUD care continuum. This study explores and describes how U.S. addiction medicine physicians created and presented business propositions to hospital administrators to support the development of addiction medicine consult (AMC) services.

Methods

Fifteen qualitative interviews were completed with board-certified or board-eligible addiction medicine physicians from 14 U.S. hospitals. The interviews occurred as part of a broader mixed methods study exploring hospital service delivery for patients admitted with …

Antibiotic Prescribing Without Documented Indication In Ambulatory Care Clinics: National Cross Sectional Study, Michael J. Ray, Gregory B. Tallman, David T. Bearden, Miriam R. Elman, Jessina C. Mcgregor

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

To identify the frequency with which antibiotics are prescribed in the absence of a documented indication in the ambulatory care setting, to quantify the potential effect on assessments of appropriateness of antibiotics, and to understand patient, provider, and visit level characteristics associated with antibiotic prescribing without a documented indication.

Portrayals Of Mental Illness, Treatment, And Relapse And Their Effects On The Stigma Of Mental Illness: Population-Based, Randomized Survey Experiment In Rural Uganda, Justin D. Rasmussen, Bernard Kakuhikire, C. Baguma, Scholastic Ashaba, Christine E. Cooper-Vince, Jessica M. Perkins, David Bangsberg, Alexander C. Tsai

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background

Mental illness stigma is a fundamental barrier to improving mental health worldwide, but little is known about how to durably reduce it. Understanding of mental illness as a treatable medical condition may influence stigmatizing beliefs, but available evidence to inform this hypothesis has been derived solely from high-income countries. We embedded a randomized survey experiment within a whole-population cohort study in rural southwestern Uganda to assess the extent to which portrayals of mental illness treatment effectiveness influence personal beliefs and perceived norms about mental illness and about persons with mental illness.

Methods and findings

Study participants were randomly assigned …