Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Rationale For, Initiation And Titration Of The Basal Insulin/Glp-1ra Fixed-Ratio Combination Products, Ideglira And Iglarlixi, For The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes, Virginia Valentine, Jennifer Goldman, Jay H. Shubrook

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Osteopathic Medicine

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive disease affecting glucose regulation and a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Many patients are not escalated up the treatment ladder appropriately despite failing to achieve glycemic control, with barriers such as fear of hypoglycemia, weight gain, and treatment burden recognized as factors. Exogenous basal insulin is titrated to address control of fasting plasma glucose and may preserve residual β-cell function, thus promoting a greater endogenous prandial insulin response. Native glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone secreted by the gut in response to nutrient ingestion; it increases insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon …

The Gap In Human Resources To Deliver The Guaranteed Package Of Prevention And Health Promotion Services At Urban And Rural Primary Care Facilities In Mexico, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Gustavo Nigenda, Till Bärnighausen, Hector Eduardo Velasco-Mondragon

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Osteopathic Medicine

Background: The purpose of this study was to estimate the gap between the available and the ideal supply of human resources (physicians, nurses, and health promoters) to deliver the guaranteed package of prevention and health promotion services at urban and rural primary care facilities in Mexico.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study using a convenience sample. We selected 20 primary health facilities in urban and rural areas in 10 states of Mexico. We calculated the available and the ideal supply of human resources in these facilities using estimates of time available, used, and required to deliver health …

D-Lactate And Low Molecular Ages Are Elevated In Obese Adolescents: Evidence For Carbonyl Stress In Adolescent Obesity, Reyna Rodriguez Mortera, Yasmin Bains, Russell Caccavello, Claudia Luevano, Ma. Eugenia Garay-Sevilla, Alejandro Gugliucci

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Osteopathic Medicine

Glycation and carbonyl stress produced by methylglyoxal (MG) as a consequence of triose flux in glycolysis has been implicated in the etiology of metabolic syndrome and diabetes complications. An integrated estimation of MG flux is provided by measuring concentrations of its catabolite D-lactate in serum. However, no studies have explored the pathway in childhood obesity.

Objective: Study serum concentrations of D-lactate and low molecular weight advanced glycation end-products (LMWAGE) in lean vs adolescents with obesity.

Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 30 lean and 30 obese adolescents between the ages of 15-19 years. D-lactate was measured kinetically …

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Metabolic Syndrome And Pre-Diabetes In Adolescents In The Sierra Region Of Ecuador, Sharon L. Casapulla, Cheryl A. Howe, Gabriela Rosero Mora, Darlene Berryman, Mario J. Grijalva, Edgar W. Rojas, Jay H. Shubrook

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Osteopathic Medicine

Background: Excess weight (overweight and obesity) is the major modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other non-communicable diseases. However, excess weight may not be as predictive of diabetes risk as once thought. While excess weight and other obesity-related non-communicable diseases are of growing concern in low-middle income countries in Latin America, there is limited research on risk factors associated with T2DM in adolescents. This study investigated prevalence of overweight, obesity, prediabetes, diabetes and metabolic syndrome in adolescents in Ecuador.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 433 adolescents from two schools in a small …

Visualizing Morphogenesis With The Processing Programming Language, Avik Patel, Amar Bains, Richard Millet, Tamira Elul

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Osteopathic Medicine

We used Processing, a visual artists’ programming language developed at MIT Media Lab, to simulate cellular mechanisms of morphogenesis – the generation of form and shape in embryonic tissues. Based on observations of in vivo time-lapse image sequences, we created animations of neural cell motility responsible for elongating the spinal cord, and of optic axon branching dynamics that establish primary visual connectivity. These visual models underscore the significance of the computational decomposition of cellular dynamics underlying morphogenesis.

Morphometrics In Developmental Neurobiology: Quantitative Analysis Of Growth Cone Motility In Vivo, Anokh Sohal, James Ha, Manuel Zhu, Fayha Lakhani, Lauren Olszewski, Raagav Mohanakrishnan, Tamira Elul

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Osteopathic Medicine

In order for the nervous system to function properly, neurons in the brain must establish specific connections during embryonic development. Formation of neuronal circuits involves axons extending from cell bodies and navigating through diverse tissues to reach their targets in the brain. Once axons reach their target tissues, they arborize and make synaptic connections. Axon pathfinding is driven by dynamic motility behaviors expressed by terminal growth cones at the tips of the axons. Here, we applied morphometrics to determine quantitative values for six morphological and motility parameters for growth cones of optic axons navigating through the optic tract of a …

Enhanced Potency Of Bivalent Small Molecule Gp41 Inhibitors, Vladimir Sofiyev, Hardeep Kaur, Beth A. Snyder, Priscilla A. Hogan, Roger G. Ptak, Peter Hwang, Miriam Gochin

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Osteopathic Medicine

Low molecular weight peptidomimetic inhibitors with hydrophobic pocket binding properties and moderate fusion inhibitory activity against HIV-1 gp41-mediated cell fusion were elaborated by increasing the available surface area for interacting with the heptad repeat-1 (HR1) coiled coil on gp41. Two types of modifications were tested: 1) increasing the overall hydrophobicity of the molecules with an extension that could interact in the HR1 groove, and 2) forming symmetrical dimers with two peptidomimetic motifs that could potentially interact simultaneously in two hydrophobic pockets on the HR1 trimer. The latter approach was more successful, yielding 40–60 times improved potency against HIV fusion over …

Meta Analysis Of Human Alzgene Database: Benefits And Limitations Of Using C. Elegans For The Study Of Alzheimer's Disease And Co-Morbid Conditions, Behrad Vahdati Nia, Christine Kang, Michelle G. Tran, Deborah Lee, Shin Murakami

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Osteopathic Medicine

Human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and linkage studies have identified 695 genes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the vast majority of which are associated with late-onset AD. Although orthologs of these AD genes have been studied in several model species, orthologs in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, remain incompletely identified, with orthologs to only 17 AD-related genes identified in the C. elegans database, WormBase. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive search for additional C. elegans orthologs of AD genes using well-established programs, including OrthoList, which utilizes four ontology prediction programs. We also validated 680 of the AD genes as a unique …