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Articles 1 - 30 of 158
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Origins Of Inspiratory And Sigh Breathing Rhythms: Ion Channels, Bursting Mechanisms, And Synaptic Topologies Studied In Vitro And In Silico, Cameron J. Grover
The Origins Of Inspiratory And Sigh Breathing Rhythms: Ion Channels, Bursting Mechanisms, And Synaptic Topologies Studied In Vitro And In Silico, Cameron J. Grover
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Breathing is the rhythmic motor behavior which maintains homeostasis by driving gas exchange between our blood and the atmosphere. This behavior is essential for life in all terrestrial mammals. This behavior involves two distinct but coupled rhythms: the inspiratory rhythm, the normal breathing rhythm that occurs on the order of seconds, and the sigh rhythm, which produces large amplitude breaths that occur on the order of minutes and maintain pulmonary function. The rhythm for both behaviors and their control originates in a specialized neuronal region of the ventral medulla called the preBötzinger complex (preBötC). While we know the anatomical region …
The Impact Of Facial Coverings On Emotion Recognition Accuracy And Confidence During The Covid-19 Pandemic: An International Comparison, Fatima Zahera Nayani
The Impact Of Facial Coverings On Emotion Recognition Accuracy And Confidence During The Covid-19 Pandemic: An International Comparison, Fatima Zahera Nayani
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
With increased face mask usage globally following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to understand factors that influence mask wearing behavior. One factor that may influence mask wearing behavior is the degree to which they potentially impair emotion recognition. Previous research that has suggested that there may be cultural differences in facial regions that people in Japan and the United States attend to when inferring a target’s emotional state, whereby Japanese are more likely to look to the eyes and Americans are more likely to look at the mouth (Yuki et al., 2006 & Jack et al., …
Examining Dual-Task Cognitive Processing From A Task-Set Perspective, Nicholas Surdel
Examining Dual-Task Cognitive Processing From A Task-Set Perspective, Nicholas Surdel
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Despite decades of empirical investigation, there remains active debate about the limitations to dual-task processing. The primary aim of the present research was to determine the roles of attentional and response-set components of task-set in dual-task processing. Through three experiments, we explored the relationships between attentional- and response-set switching in the context of a classic dual-task paradigm. Experiment I (N = 68) validated our novel integration of a dual-task task-switching paradigm. Experiment II (N = 64) replicated and extended Experiment I by integrating a single task subsection of the procedure. Finally, Experiment III (N = 23) integrated electroencephalographic measures of …
Cellular And Synaptic Mechanisms That Underlie Eupnea And Sigh Rhythms For Breathing Behavior In Mice, Daniel Scott Borrus
Cellular And Synaptic Mechanisms That Underlie Eupnea And Sigh Rhythms For Breathing Behavior In Mice, Daniel Scott Borrus
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Breathing is a lifelong activity that involves the coordination of several rhythmic behaviors. This dissertation investigates the neural origins of two of these breathing rhythms: eupnea and sighing. Eupnea, or regular unlabored breathing, occurs on the order of seconds and serves to drive the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the circulatory system and the environment. Sighs, deep breaths that are typically 2-5 times the volume of a eupneic breath, occur on the order of minutes and are critical in maintaining pulmonary function. Understanding how these rhythms are generated on a cellular and synaptic level is an essential step …
Physiological And Transcriptomic Analyses Of Inspiratory Rhythm- And Pattern- Generating Interneurons Of The Prebötzinger Complex In Mice, Prajkta Shashikant Kallurkar
Physiological And Transcriptomic Analyses Of Inspiratory Rhythm- And Pattern- Generating Interneurons Of The Prebötzinger Complex In Mice, Prajkta Shashikant Kallurkar
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Breathing is a vital rhythmic behavior essential for life. The preBötzinger complex (preBötC) of the lower brainstem houses a cluster of interneurons that generate the respiratory rhythm in humans and all terrestrial mammals. Neurons of the preBötC produce rhythmic bursts of neural activity that drive inspiration, the only inexorable active phase of the breathing cycle (expiration is normally passive). preBötC interneurons that comprise the core inspiratory rhythm generator are derived from precursors that express the transcription factor developing brain homeobox 1 (Dbx1). Neurons in the preBötC derived from Dbx1-expressing progenitors (hereafter referred to as Dbx1 preBötC neurons) produce rhythmic bursts …
Gay Identity In Emerging Adulthood: Testing The Interaction Between Relational Satisfaction, Outness, And Gay Identity, Jeremy R. Goshorn
Gay Identity In Emerging Adulthood: Testing The Interaction Between Relational Satisfaction, Outness, And Gay Identity, Jeremy R. Goshorn
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This work explored the ways in which the theoretical constructs of gay identity development, relational satisfaction, and outness interact in gay-male emerging adults. Informed by the literature on these constructs, the researcher developed a structural model to evaluate the interactive and mediating roles within the model. Three instruments were selected to assist in measuring these theoretical constructs. The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) measured gay identity development, the Gay and Lesbian Relationship Satisfaction Scale (GLRSS) measured relational satisfaction, and the Nebraska Outness Scale (NOS) measured outness. A sample of 206 cisgender gay men in Emerging Adulthood (ages 19-29) …
The Effect Of Vaccination And Host Genetics On Transmission Dynamics Of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus And Flavobacterium Psychrophilum In Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Darbi Rae Jones
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Globally, infectious diseases are responsible for major conservation and economic losses in wild and farmed fish populations. Prevention tools, including vaccination and breeding for genetic disease resistance, are used in many systems to prevent mortality by such diseases. Studies are often done to evaluate the efficacy of a preventative method at reducing disease, but the impact on transmission is rarely studied. Protection under diverse field conditions, such as variable pathogen exposure dosages, is also not fully understood. Furthermore, there is little information on how preventative methods alter host-pathogen relationships. For example, it is largely unknown how vaccination impacts non-target pathogens …
Posttraumatic Growth Of Young Adults Who Experienced A Parental Death During Adolescence: An Eriksonian Developmental Perspective, Victor Tuazon
Posttraumatic Growth Of Young Adults Who Experienced A Parental Death During Adolescence: An Eriksonian Developmental Perspective, Victor Tuazon
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Impacting millions of youth in the United States and across the globe, early parental death can be a very stressful and traumatic event and is an important topic to investigate. Utilizing an Eriksonian developmental perspective, this study (N = 256) examined a group of young adults who experienced a parental death during adolescence and a group of young adults who had not experienced an early parental death. The researcher examined the developmental impact of early parental death, and developed a predictive model of posttraumatic growth (PTG) for young adults who have experienced early parental death. When compared to non-bereaved peers, …
Salud Mental: The Conceptualization And Experiences Of Mental Health Among Undocumented Mexican Immigrants, Edith Gonzalez
Salud Mental: The Conceptualization And Experiences Of Mental Health Among Undocumented Mexican Immigrants, Edith Gonzalez
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This research study explored how undocumented immigrants define and experience mental health. A review of literature about undocumented Latinx immigrants emphasized that even in high distress, this population underutilizes mental health services. Data were analyzed through the lens of Latinx Critical Race Theory in an effort to conceptualize the role of multiple marginalization on the mental health state of undocumented Latinx immigrants. Eight undocumented Mexican immigrants in one city in a southern state were interviewed using semi-structured, open-ended questions. A transcendental phenomenology method was used to explore how this population experiences mental health. Data analysis revealed five themes that suggest …
Neuroanatomical And Morphological Properties Of Neurons That Generate Inspiratory Related Breathing Rhythm And Influence Respiratory Motor Pattern In Mice, Victoria Akins
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The relationship between neuron morphology and function is a perennial issue in neuroscience. Information about synaptic integration, network connectivity, and the specific roles of neuronal subpopulations can be obtained through morphological analysis of key neurons within any given microcircuit. Breathing is essential behavior for humans and all mammals, yet the neural microcircuit that governs respiration is not completely understood. The respiratory neural microcircuit resides within the ventral respiratory column located in the medulla. Within the respiratory column, the site of respiratory rhythm generation is the bilaterally distributed preBötzinger complex (preBötC). Rhythm-generating neurons in the preBötC are derived from a single …
Role Of Dbx1-Derived Pre-Bötzinger Complex Interneurons In Breathing Behaviors Of Adult Mice, Nikolas C. Vann
Role Of Dbx1-Derived Pre-Bötzinger Complex Interneurons In Breathing Behaviors Of Adult Mice, Nikolas C. Vann
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Breathing is a rhythmic motor behavior essential to sustain homeostasis and life itself in humans and all terrestrial mammals. A specialized neuronal network is responsible for generating and controlling the rhythm and pattern for breathing. The core rhythm-generating microcircuit in particular is located within a site dubbed the preBötzinger complex (preBötC). The preBötC is a heterogeneous region containing neurons with both respiratory and non-respiratory activity that express excitatory and inhibitory transmitters, peptide transmitters and peptide receptors. More recently, preBötC neurons have been characterized by molecular genetics. The markers historically used to define the respiratory CPG within the preBötC intersect with …
Building A Consensus On The Professional Dispositions Of Counseling Students: A Content Analysis On Counseling Student Retention Policies, Jeffrey Kyle Christensen
Building A Consensus On The Professional Dispositions Of Counseling Students: A Content Analysis On Counseling Student Retention Policies, Jeffrey Kyle Christensen
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
In The "Spirit Of Investigation And Experiment": John Minson Galt Ii And Social Reform At The Eastern Asylum, Elise Aminta Salles
In The "Spirit Of Investigation And Experiment": John Minson Galt Ii And Social Reform At The Eastern Asylum, Elise Aminta Salles
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Assessing The Effects Of Workplace Aggression And Normative Unethical Behaviors On Counselors' Perceptions Of Ethicality Using An Integrative Understanding Of Morality, Eleni Maria Honderich
Assessing The Effects Of Workplace Aggression And Normative Unethical Behaviors On Counselors' Perceptions Of Ethicality Using An Integrative Understanding Of Morality, Eleni Maria Honderich
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Acting ethically is a core facet of the counseling profession's identity, safeguarding clients from undue harm (ACA, 2005). Through an increased understanding of both detrimental and positive factors that can influence counselors' perceptions of ethical behaviors, the counseling profession can intervene accordingly; this knowledge may assist in managing the problem related to unethical infractions. However, ethical behavior is a multifaceted and complex phenomenon, leaving many factors to be explored and examined. Workplace aggression, exposure to normative unethical behaviors, and an integrated modal of morality constitute some of these factors that warrant further investigation. A dearth of research currently exists within …
Ecologically-Framed Mercury Database, Exposure Modeling And Risk/Benefit Communication To Lower Chesapeake Bay Fish Consumers, Xiaoyu Xu
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Mercury concentrations and determinants of mercury accumulation were examined for ten finfish species from the lower Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. None of the sampled fish had total mercury concentrations approaching the U.S. EPA human health screening value. Mercury concentrations in different fish species generally increased with increasing delta 15N, but not delta 13C, suggesting that trophic position, but not dietary carbon source was a dominant determinant. A methylmercury biomagnification model was built to estimate a food web magnification factor of approximately 10-fold increase per trophic level in Chesapeake Bay. Based on otolith strontium-calcium ratios, Atlantic croaker inhabiting less saline …
Cumulative Single-Cell Laser Ablation Of Functionally Or Genetically Defined Respiratory Neurons Interrogates Network Properties Of Mammalian Breathing-Related Neural Circuits In Vitro, Xueying Wang
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
A key feature of many neurodegenerative diseases is the pathological loss of neurons that participate in generating behavior. to mimic the neuronal degeneration procedure of a functioning neural circuit, we designed a computer-automated system that algorithmically detects and sequentially laser-ablates constituent neurons from a neural network with single-cell precision while monitoring the progressive change of the network function in real time. We applied this cell-specific cumulative lesion technique to an advantageous experimental model, the preBotzinger Complex (preBotC), the mammalian respiratory central pattern generator (CPG) that can be retained in thin slice preparations and spontaneously generates breathing-related motor activity in vitro …
Investigating Heat Shock Protein 70 As A Binding Partner Of Mk-Styx, And The Role Of Mk-Styx In Neuronal Differentiation, Lauren Elizabeth Rusnak
Investigating Heat Shock Protein 70 As A Binding Partner Of Mk-Styx, And The Role Of Mk-Styx In Neuronal Differentiation, Lauren Elizabeth Rusnak
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Cognitive And Physiological Moderators Of Daily Smokers' Early Neural Attentional Biases To Smoking And Nonsmoking Cues, Patrick John Hammett
Cognitive And Physiological Moderators Of Daily Smokers' Early Neural Attentional Biases To Smoking And Nonsmoking Cues, Patrick John Hammett
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
The Impact Of Warning Label Exposure On Attentional Bias To Smoking Cues In Smokers And Nonsmokers, Anna Kathleen Harris
The Impact Of Warning Label Exposure On Attentional Bias To Smoking Cues In Smokers And Nonsmokers, Anna Kathleen Harris
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of Brand And Caloric Information On Flavor Perception And Food Consumption In Restrained And Unrestrained Eaters, Kevin Vincent Cavanagh
The Effect Of Brand And Caloric Information On Flavor Perception And Food Consumption In Restrained And Unrestrained Eaters, Kevin Vincent Cavanagh
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
The Relationship Between Neural Reorganization And Neuropsychological Functioning In Normal Aging, Jamie Nicole Hershaw
The Relationship Between Neural Reorganization And Neuropsychological Functioning In Normal Aging, Jamie Nicole Hershaw
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Age-Related Changes In The Neural Correlates Of Interval Timing, Cutter Augustus. Lindbergh
Age-Related Changes In The Neural Correlates Of Interval Timing, Cutter Augustus. Lindbergh
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Conditioned Flavor Preferences In Children, Victoria Heinrichs Marshall
Conditioned Flavor Preferences In Children, Victoria Heinrichs Marshall
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Physiological And Morphological Characterization Of Genetically Defined Classes Of Interneurons In Respiratory Rhythm And Pattern Generation In Neonatal Mice, Maria Cristina De Guzman Picardo
Physiological And Morphological Characterization Of Genetically Defined Classes Of Interneurons In Respiratory Rhythm And Pattern Generation In Neonatal Mice, Maria Cristina De Guzman Picardo
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Breathing in mammals depends on an inspiratory-related rhythm that is generated by glutamatergic neurons in the preBotzinger complex (preBotC), a specialized site of the lower brainstem. Rhythm-generating preBotC neurons are derived from a single lineage that expresses the transcription factor (TF) Dbx1, but the cellular mechanisms of rhythmogenesis remain incompletely understood. to elucidate these mechanisms we comparatively analyzed Dbx1-expressing neurons (Dbx1 +) and Dbxl- neurons in the preBotC in knock-in transgenic mice. Whole-cell recordings in rhythmically active newborn mouse slice preparations showed that Dbx1 + neurons activate earlier in the respiratory cycle and discharge greater magnitude inspiratory bursts compared to …
Jumping Off The Couch: Infusing Creativity Into Counselor Education, Christopher Lawrence
Jumping Off The Couch: Infusing Creativity Into Counselor Education, Christopher Lawrence
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This study infused key elements of creativity into the process of counselor education, exposing students in a counseling skills and techniques course to a curriculum designed to promote tolerance for ambiguity, appropriate risk-taking behaviors, and improvisational skills. Employing a phenomenological strategy of inquiry, the researcher sought to explore the ways the participants made sense of their experience in the course, as well as the ways the experience informed their perspective of counseling and the role of a counselor. Participants recognized counseling as a profession replete with ambiguity and rife with personal and relational challenges. They came to appreciate a clinician's …
The Need For Attention To Cognitive Development In The Preparation And Practice Of Mental Health Counselors As Advocates For Social Justice., Mary Whitfield-Williams
The Need For Attention To Cognitive Development In The Preparation And Practice Of Mental Health Counselors As Advocates For Social Justice., Mary Whitfield-Williams
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Poverty Shelf, New Zealand From The Holocene To Present: Stratigraphic Development And Event Layer Preservation In Response To Sediment Supply, Tectonics And Climate, Lila Eve Rose Pierce
Poverty Shelf, New Zealand From The Holocene To Present: Stratigraphic Development And Event Layer Preservation In Response To Sediment Supply, Tectonics And Climate, Lila Eve Rose Pierce
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The small, high sediment yield Waipaoa River is located on the tectonically active, mountainous Poverty Margin on the east coast of the North Island, New Zealand. In contrast to sedimentary sequences on passive margin shelves, active margins, such as the Poverty Margin, can preserve continuous records of changing geological and environmental conditions at the land-sea interface during rapid sea-level rise. Two subsiding mid-shelf basins on the Poverty Shelf contain thick transgressive sequences which provide a record of evolving river, climate, landscape, and oceanographic conditions since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). This dissertation investigates the stratigraphic development of Poverty Shelf, including …
Morphological Study Of Dbx1+ Respiratory Rhythm-Generating Neurons In Preboetzinger Complex In Neonatal Mice, Krishanthi Tharanga Harshani Weragalaarachchi
Morphological Study Of Dbx1+ Respiratory Rhythm-Generating Neurons In Preboetzinger Complex In Neonatal Mice, Krishanthi Tharanga Harshani Weragalaarachchi
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Growing Up With Violence: Examining The Role Of Moral Development In Mediating The Effects Of Community Violence Exposure., John A. Dewell
Growing Up With Violence: Examining The Role Of Moral Development In Mediating The Effects Of Community Violence Exposure., John A. Dewell
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
On The Real-Time Performance, Robustness And Accuracy Of Medical Image Non-Rigid Registration, Yixun Liu
On The Real-Time Performance, Robustness And Accuracy Of Medical Image Non-Rigid Registration, Yixun Liu
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Three critical issues about medical image non-rigid registration are performance, robustness and accuracy. A registration method, which is capable of responding timely with an accurate alignment, robust against the variation of the image intensity and the missing data, is desirable for its clinical use. This work addresses all three of these issues. Unacceptable execution time of Non-rigid registration (NRR) often presents a major obstacle to its routine clinical use. We present a hybrid data partitioning method to parallelize a NRR method on a cooperative architecture, which enables us to get closer to the goal: accelerating using architecture rather than designing …