Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Personality Type Preference Assessment As A Component Of Pilot Training, Gil Sinclair, Tracey Moon

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

In aviation education and training, students experience a number of tests to determine their technical abilities and theoretical knowledge. When piloting an aircraft, many stage checks and examinations must be completed before a license is issued. Even then, the testing does not stop; pilots in commercial aviation are subject to a whole range of periodic checks in simulators and in the air. During these evaluations, shortcomings in technical abilities can be identified and corrective action taken before retesting. However, during testing, candidates are especially careful to minimize any tendencies they may have under normal circumstances to, for example, make a …

Automation For Human-Robotic Interaction: Modeling And Predicting Operator Performance, Angelia Sebok, Christopher Wickens, Marc Gacy

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Human-robotic interaction presents numerous challenges to designers and operators. One way to address these challenges is through task automation. However, appropriate application of automation, reducing workload while keeping the operator informed and in control, without causing skill degradation, is not generally understood. In this paper, we describe a human performance modeling and simulation approach to evaluating the effects of automation on operator and system performance. In this research, we identify and combine relevant factors that affect operator performance into operator-robotic system interaction models. The result of this project will be a partially-validated tool to help system designers evaluate potential automation …

Characterizing Air Traffic Controller Sector Specific Knowledge: An Abstractionbased Analysis, Rahul Bhagat, Jonathan Histon, R. John Hansman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The need to train air traffic controllers on sector-specific operational traffic patterns and procedures creates staffing inflexibility and training inefficiency across the National Airspace System (NAS). The deployment of generic airspace, or air traffic control sectors with similar operational characteristics, is one means of addressing these challenges in next generation (NextGen) ATC operational concepts. Based on prior work, local, sector specific knowledge, is thought to be captured in part through abstractions, or simplifications of a controller’s mental model. This paper describes a methodology used to identify key properties characterizing three distinct abstraction types (standard flows, handoffs, and merges). This categorization …

Scenario-Based Flight Simulation Training: A Human Factors Analysis Of Its Development And Suggestions For Better Design, Christopher M. Johnson, Douglas A. Wiegmann

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) funded a study aimed at ameliorating issues with visual flight rules (VFR) pilots flying into instrument weather conditions (IMC). Scenario-based simulation training (SBST) was developed to examine threat and error management (TEM) skills among private pilots. SBST was modeled after line-oriented flight training (LOFT), and new technologies were developed to improve weather simulation. This paper includes a Human Factors analysis of flight simulation development, and it details weather simulation improvements. Historical weather data was used for accurate recreation of pre-flight briefings, simulated weather parameters, and in-flight weather reports, and the technologies were tested among distinctly …

Combining Behavioral And Biometric Measurements For Automated Performance Assessment, Chris Forsythe, Robert A. Abbott, Susan M. Stevens-Addams, Michael Haass, Laura Matzen, Kiran Lakkaraju

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Technologies are needed enabling more cost-effective military aviation training. Automated performance assessment has been advanced as one approach to enable instructors to make more effective use of simulation-based training systems. Recent experimental research will be reviewed illustrating that automated techniques produce student assessments comparable to human appraisals of student performance and employed within an after-action debrief, resulted in more effective training, as compared to a baseline after-action debrief capability. These studies used the E-2 Enhanced Deployable Readiness Trainer (EDRT), a medium-fidelity simulation trainer employed for training E-2 Hawkeye Naval Flight Officers (NFOs). This paper will summarize further developments to combine …

Impact Of Simulator Out-The-Window Visual Display Resolution On Air-To-Ground Skill Performance, Jamie L. Estock, Melinda K. Seibert, Dr. Elliot E. Entin

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Previous research revealed no difference in air-to-air skill performance between instructor pilots who flew a simulator with a narrow out-the-window visual display field-of-view and instructor pilots who flew a simulator with a wide field-of-view. To evaluate the generalizability of these results to a different fidelity dimension, mission, and pilot type, the current study assessed the impact of out-the-window visual display resolution on air-to-ground skill performance of less experienced pilots. In the current study, 18 F/A-18 Fleet Replacement Squadron pilots flew air-to-ground training missions in two simulators that differed in their visual display resolution. F/A-18 subject matter experts assessed pilot performance …

Ethical Issues In Global Health Education, David Barnard, T. Thuy Bui, Jack Chase, Evaleen Jones, Scott Loeliger, Anvar Velji, Mary T. White

Population and Public Health Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Gastric Antral Web In A 103-Year-Old Patient, Waheed Gul, Khurram Abbass, Ronald J. Markert, Christopher J. Barde

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of Metabolic Abnormalities In Children With Varying Degrees Of Obesity, Leah Sabato

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

As the prevalence of obesity among children has risen, metabolic syndrome, a cluster of abnormalities which includes obesity, altered glucose metabolism, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, has increasingly become recognized in the pediatric population. Metabolic syndrome has been studied extensively in adults, and there is increasing interest to understand the condition in adolescents; however, studies of metabolic syndrome in younger children are limited. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components among children aged 6-10 years. Demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were gathered retrospectively from the medical records of 222 obese children aged …

Prevalence Of Obesity Among Head Start Preschoolers In Western Ohio, Angela Sims

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: The intent of this study was to examine low income Head Start overweight and obese preschoolers, ages 3-5, in 8 western Ohio counties. Variables of interest included: obesity status, rural versus metropolitan location, home versus center-based Head Start, and access to physicians.

Methods: Data was collected retrospectively from the host Head Start site located in Piqua, Ohio. All Head Start enrolled preschoolers (N=1,181) ages 3 to 5 within the 8 western Ohio counties and 43 programs were studied. All children were considered of low income based on their acceptance into the Head Start program.

The data was retrieved from …

State Preparedness: A Study Of State Plans, Zachary Fehrman

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been used since the early years of public health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides a standard definition for NPI and what NPI strategies are contained within the definition. This paper seeks to discover if state pandemic influenza plans use the term NPI and its strategies, and if states’ use of NPI strategies in their state pandemic plans is consistent with the CDC definition. To determine how states were defining and using the term NPI and NPI strategies a survey of forty-eight (48) state plans was conducted using each respective states’ pandemic plan. …

Impact Of Congestive Heart Failure Discharge Planning On Congestive Heart Failure Re-Admission Rates, Sula E. Mazimba

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is the most common diagnosis accounting for more healthcare costs than any diagnosis. CHF readmissions contribute significantly to this expenditure. Quality of care in heart failure is linked to process based performance measures. This study evaluated the relationship between adherence to performance metrics and 30 day readmission rates.

Methods: This was a single center case-control study that evaluated 6063 consecutive patients admitted with CHF from December 2001 through December 2008. Data was collected for readmission to the hospital within 30 days and compliance to the heart failure performance measures at discharge.

Results: The rate of …

The Effect Of Prenatal Care And Other Factors On Preterm Births In Montgomery County 2007-2009, Leslie A. Schmieder

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Introduction Preterm birth is defined as a baby who is born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Problems with preterm birth include an increased risk for health complications throughout life as well as having significantly more medical expenses compared to a full term infant. Prenatal care has shown to decrease the risk for preterm birth nationally. The objective of this project was to analyze prenatal care and other risk and demographic factors to determine their association with preterm birth in Montgomery County.

Method Data used included the 2007-2009 Montgomery County Birth Certificate Data for mothers who had singleton births. The Kessner …

Determining Evidence-Based Practices In Asthma Management, Erin Smiley

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: One aim of this study will focus on determining what are evidence-based studies in asthma control. A second aim focuses on determining which asthma interventions, self-monitoring tools and asthma management programs have shown to be the most significant in improving outcomes in patients with asthma. Recommendations will be made to future asthma self-management programs based on the findings.

Methodology: The review of 15 evidence-based research studies is used to identify and analyze the best asthma self-management practices to be implemented in a community health education program. Using the Brownson framework a weighting schema was created based on the level …

An Examination Of Ohio’S Physical Education Academic Content Standard 4, Benchmark A For Grades 9-12, Gabriel Jones

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe select physical education teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness and accuracy of the assessments for Ohio's Physical Education Academic Content Standard 4 Benchmark A in determining the fitness and physical activity levels of high school students. A secondary purpose was to describe the fitness levels of high school physical education students, based on assessment data.

Methods: Participants were forty-one physical education teachers and ninety high school students from southwest Ohio. Data were collected from the teachers through an online questionnaire and from students with FITNESSGRAM testing. FITNESSGRAM data from one local school …

The Association Between Neighborhood Walkability, Type 2 Diabetes, And Socioeconomic Status In Residents Of Eight Ohio Counties, Dawn L. Ebron

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: Regular physical activity is beneficial in preventing type 2 diabetes. Walking, either for recreation or to travel to a destination, is an inexpensive way to meet physical activity guidelines. Disadvantaged populations with low socioeconomic status (SES) have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes and are more likely to live in unwalkable neighborhood. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between SES and neighborhood walkability in eight Ohio counties with highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the state.

Methods: Using data from the 2010 Ohio Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey and Walk Score …

Intravenous Ascorbic Acid To Prevent And Treat Cancer-Associated Sepsis?, Thomas E. Ichim, Boris Minev, Todd Braciak, Brandon Luna, Ron Hunninghake, Nina A. Mikirova, James A. Jackson, Michael J. Gonzalez, Jorge R. Miranda-Massari, Doru T. Alexandrescu, Constantin A. Dasanu, Vladimir Bogin, Janis Ancans, R. Brian Stevens, Boris Markosian, James Koropatnick, Chien-Shing Chen, Neil H. Riordan

Department of Surgery Faculty Publications

The history of ascorbic acid (AA) and cancer has been marked with controversy. Clinical studies evaluating AA in cancer outcome continue to the present day. However, the wealth of data suggesting that AA may be highly beneficial in addressing cancer-associated inflammation, particularly progression to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multi organ failure (MOF), has been largely overlooked. Patients with advanced cancer are generally deficient in AA. Once these patients develop septic symptoms, a further decrease in ascorbic acid levels occurs. Given the known role of ascorbate in: a) maintaining endothelial and suppression of inflammatory markers; b) protection from sepsis …

Effects Of Xs® Energy Drink On Aerobic Exercise Capacity Of Athletes, Kevin M. Sheehan, Lynn K. Hartzler

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

A small increase in performance is often the difference between winning and losing for athletes, and energy supplements are marketed to give them a competitive edge. One such supplement is XS® Energy Drink which contains B vitamins, caffeine, taurine, and an herbal adaptogen blend. XS® Energy Drink is primarily designed and marketed as an alertness stimulus; however, it is also marketed to athletes as a performance enhancing supplement. The hypothesis of this investigation was that the consumption of XS® Energy Drink before exercise would increase aerobic capacity (an increase in Vo2max) and time to fatigue, and would decrease time for …

Population Pharmacokinetic (Pk) And Pharmacodynamic (Pd) Modeling Of Ticarcillin‐Clavulanate In Pediatric Cf Patients, Jeffery T. Zobell, Chris Stockmann, D. C. Young, Jared Cash, Catherine M.T. Sherwin, Michael G. Spigarelli, Barbara A. Chatfield, Krow Ampofo

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Persisiting Sensitization Of Depressive-Like Behavior And Thermogenic Response During Maternal Separation In Pre- And Post Weaning Guinea Pigs, Randi Lynn Schneider

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Early attachment disruption is thought to promote later onset of depressive illness through a process involving sensitization. Maternal separation in guinea pig pups (~21 days of age) produces depressive-like behavior and core body temperature fluctuations that appear to be mediated by proinflammatory activity. These responses are enhanced during repeated separations over several days. Here, enhanced depressive-like behavior and core body temperature responses were observed from the early pre-weaning to the periadolescent period (~10-40 days of age) and persisted for more than a week. The greatest temperature response was observed during the final separation. These results demonstrate persisting sensitization of behavioral …

Perinatal Or Adult Nf1 Inactivation Using Tamoxifen-Inducible Plpcre Each Cause Neurofibroma Formation, Debra A. Mayes, Tilat A. Rizvi, Jose A. Cancelas, Nathan T. Kolasinski, Georgianne M. Ciraolo, Anat O. Stemmer-Rachamimov, Nancy Ratner

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVES

Neurofibromas are tumors initiated by biallelic mutation of the NF1 tumor suppressor gene in the Schwann cell lineage. One idea within the field suggests that Nf1loss must occur within progenitor cells present within a critical window during Schwann cell development in order for neurofibromas to form. To test this hypothesis and to examine whethermyelinating Schwann cells can serve as aneurofibroma cell of origin, Nf1 loss was induced at perinatal or adult timepoints using a tamoxifen-inducible Plp-CreERT driver.

RESULTS

Perinatal loss of Nf1 resulted in small neurofibromas late in life, while adult loss caused large neurofibromas and morbidity beginning …

How Loss Of Neurofibromin In Oligodendrocytes Affects The Brain, Debra A. Mayes, Tilat A. Rizvi, Nathan T. Kolasinski, S. Miller, Nancy Ratner

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

Neurofibromatosis type 1 patients are predisposed to central nervous system (CNS) phenotypes including enlarged brains, delayed acquisition of motor skills, brain tumors, and cognitive deficits. Imaging and pathologic analysis suggest that changes in white matter myelination may underlie both the enlargement of white matter tracts that contributes to megancephaly, and/or hyper-intense signals visualized on MRI. To study the role(s) of Nf1 and HRasin oligodendrocytes, we examined the optic nerve and corpus callosum,myelinated fiber tracts.We studiedNf1heterozygous mice,tamoxifen-induced Nf1 loss in mature oligodendrocytes (Plp-CreERT), and a new transgenic model in which the CNPase promoter drives expression of HRasG12V. Activated HRas and loss …

Using A Measure Of Occupational Stereotype To Assess Ingroup-Outgroup Bias Among Aerospace Specializations, Richard G. Moffett Iii, Michael B. Hein, Glenn L. Littlepage

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Safe and efficient flight operations require the effective intergroup coordination across multiple aerospace specializations. Various factors can impact this coordination including attitudes such as occupational stereotypes. This study reports on the development of a measure to assess ingroupoutgroup bias among aerospace specializations. Students from six aerospace specializations (Administration, Aircraft Maintenance, Air Traffic Control, Flight Dispatch and Scheduling, Professional Pilot, and Technology) at a southern university completed a questionnaire designed to assess stereotypes using adjectives to describe the members of ingroups and outgroups. Results indicate that students who had identified themselves as pilots or dispatchers exhibited ingroupoutgroup bias but in different …

Situation Awareness, Workload, And Performance In Midterm Nextgen: Effect Of Variations In Aircraft Equipage Levels Between Scenarios, L. Paige Bacon, Thomas Z. Strybel, Kim-Phuong L. Vu, Joshua M. Kraut, Jimmy H. Nguyen, Vernol Battiste, Walter Johnson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

We investigated the impact of mixed equipage traffic on air traffic controller (ATC) performance, workload and situation awareness in an airspace simulation of an en route sector. Nine retired ATCs and seven student ATCs managed traffic and responded to probe questions designed to measure workload and situation awareness. ATC performance was measured with the AT-SAT OTS Performance Rating Form. Although workload decreased with increasing mixtures of equipped aircraft, the number of LOS appeared to be related more to the percentage of alerted conflicts in the scenario. The probe measure of workload and situation awareness was related to AT-SAT ratings.

Use Of Digital Performance Data In The Flight Training Environment, Lauren M. Vala, Michael S. Nolan, Brian G. Dillman, John P. Young

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The ability to record and monitor flight data in primary training aircraft has dramatically changed in the last decade. By taking advantage of digital data recording equipment on single engine aircraft, the implementation of Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) programs is now feasible for non-airline operations. The integration of FOQA data into training and evaluation will provide multiple opportunities for utilization of this data in a variety of applications. Differences between the operational environments of airlines and collegiate training programs must be addressed if FOQA is to be properly integrated into a collegiate training environment. Through interviews of key university, …

Decision Support Tools And Layouts For Momu (Multiple Operator Multiple Uav) Environments, Tal Oron-Gilad, Talya Porat, Jacob Silbiger, Michal Rottem-Hovev

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The objective of this research is to design and develop tools, layouts, techniques and procedures to aid operators in handling Multiple Operator Multiple UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) environments. In this paper we describe a study conducted on proficient operators, examining a new tool - 'Maintain Video Quality'. This tool aims to facilitate handoffs and UAV switching among operators. Experimental methodology and preliminary findings are discussed.

Applying Principles Of Music Scene Analysis To Synchronous Auditory Warning Signals, Matthew J. Davis

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

In emergency situations pilots are often presented with the difficult task of distinguishing between simultaneous auditory warning signals, each with varying levels of importance. This inability to effectively discriminate between synchronous warnings can lead the pilot to ignore certain signals, to misinterpret them, or to be simply unaware of their presence. The creation of signals that could be easily construed and distinguished from other simultaneous signals would not only be desirable but would also contribute to increased situational awareness and better decision-making during emergencies.

Aquaporin 4 Expression And Distribution During Osmotic Brain Edema And Following Chronic Treatment Of Desipramine, Sergei Alexander Robinson

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Osmotic brain edema or chronic treatment with desipramine alters brain water permeability. In this study we investigated aquaporin 4 expression and distribution in these two conditions. Brain edema development was induced by intraperitoneal water injection. Blood serum osmolality decreased from 296 ± 1 mOsm to 278 ± 2 mOsm within 15 min. Cerebral cortex water content increased from 79.8 ± 0.2 % to 81.3 ± 0.5% during 120 min of this hyposmotic exposure. Aquaporin 4 immunostaining intensity at the astrocytic endfeet increased in water injected animals from 2.6 ± 0.04 intensity unites (IU) to 3.2 ± 0.21 IU, while total …