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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Future Space Missions And Human Enhancement: Medical And Ethical Challenges, Konrad Szocik, Mark Shelhamer, Martin Braddock, Francis A. Cucinotta, Chris Impey, Pete Worden, Ted Peters, Milan M. Ćirković, Kelly C. Smith, Koji Tachibana, Michael J. Reiss, Ziba Norman, Arvin M. Gouw, Gonzalo Munévar
Future Space Missions And Human Enhancement: Medical And Ethical Challenges, Konrad Szocik, Mark Shelhamer, Martin Braddock, Francis A. Cucinotta, Chris Impey, Pete Worden, Ted Peters, Milan M. Ćirković, Kelly C. Smith, Koji Tachibana, Michael J. Reiss, Ziba Norman, Arvin M. Gouw, Gonzalo Munévar
Health Physics & Diagnostic Sciences Faculty Publications
Future human space missions to Mars and beyond may be realized for different research, economic, political or survival reasons. Since space remains a hazardous environment for humans, space exploration and exploitation requires the development and deployment of effective countermeasures. In this paper, we discuss prospects for human enhancement by gene editing, synthetic biology, or implants, for the purposes of future space missions. We argue that there are good reasons to consider such options, and that ethical arguments can be made in favor of human enhancement to enable long-term space exploration.
A Covid-19 Risk Score Combining Chest Ct Radiomics And Clinical Characteristics To Differentiate Covid-19 Pneumonia From Other Viral Pneumonias, Zuhua Chen, Xiadong Li, Jiawei Li, Shirong Zhang, Pengfei Zhou, Xin Yu, Yao Ren, Jiahao Wang, Lidan Zhang, Yunjiang Li, Baoliang Wu, Yanchun Hou, Ke Zhang, Rongjun Tang, Yongguang Liu, Zhongxian Ding, Bin Yang, Qinghua Deng, Qin Lin, Ke Nie, Zhaobin Cai, Shenglin Ma, Yu Kuang
A Covid-19 Risk Score Combining Chest Ct Radiomics And Clinical Characteristics To Differentiate Covid-19 Pneumonia From Other Viral Pneumonias, Zuhua Chen, Xiadong Li, Jiawei Li, Shirong Zhang, Pengfei Zhou, Xin Yu, Yao Ren, Jiahao Wang, Lidan Zhang, Yunjiang Li, Baoliang Wu, Yanchun Hou, Ke Zhang, Rongjun Tang, Yongguang Liu, Zhongxian Ding, Bin Yang, Qinghua Deng, Qin Lin, Ke Nie, Zhaobin Cai, Shenglin Ma, Yu Kuang
Health Physics & Diagnostic Sciences Faculty Publications
With the continued transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) throughout the world, identification of highly suspected COVID-19 patients remains an urgent priority. In this study, we developed and validated COVID-19 risk scores to identify patients with COVID-19. In this study, for patient-wise analysis, three signatures, including the risk score using radiomic features only, the risk score using clinical factors only, and the risk score combining radiomic features and clinical variables, show an excellent performance in differentiating COVID-19 from other viral-induced pneumonias in the validation set. For lesion-wise analysis, the risk score using three radiomic features only also …
Response Of Human Small Intestinal Epithelium To Fractionated Irradiation: Dynamical Modeling Approach, Francis A. Cucinotta, Olga A. Smirnova
Response Of Human Small Intestinal Epithelium To Fractionated Irradiation: Dynamical Modeling Approach, Francis A. Cucinotta, Olga A. Smirnova
Health Physics & Diagnostic Sciences Faculty Publications
A biologically motivated mathematical model of the dynamics of the small intestinal epithelium in humans treated with fractionated radiotherapy has been developed and is further investigated here. This model, originating from our previous work, is implemented as a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, in which the variables and parameters have a clear biological meaning. The model also includes, as input, the key parameters of fractionated irradiation. The modeling results on the dynamical response of the human normal small intestinal epithelium to fractionated radiation therapy regimens were in agreement with the corresponding empirical data, which, in turn, demonstrates the capability …
Meta-Analysis Of Cognitive Performance By Novel Object Recognition After Proton And Heavy Ion Exposures, Eliedonna Cacao, Francis A. Cucinotta
Meta-Analysis Of Cognitive Performance By Novel Object Recognition After Proton And Heavy Ion Exposures, Eliedonna Cacao, Francis A. Cucinotta
Health Physics & Diagnostic Sciences Faculty Publications
Experimental studies of cognitive detriments in mice and rats after proton and heavy ion exposures have been performed by several laboratories to investigate possible risks to astronauts exposed to cosmic rays in space travel and patients treated for brain cancers with proton and carbon beams in Hadron therapy. However, distinct radiation types and doses, cognitive tests and rodent models have been used by different laboratories, while few studies have considered detailed dose-response characterizations, including estimates of relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Here we report on the first quantitative meta-analysis of the dose response for proton and heavy ion rodent studies of …
Sub-Region Based Radiomics Analysis For Survival Prediction In Oesophageal Tumours Treated By Definitive Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy, Congying Xie, Pengfei Yang, Xuebang Zhang, Lei Xu, Xiaoju Wang, Xiadong Li, Luhan Zhang, Ruifei Xie, Ling Yang, Zhao Jing, Hongfang Zhang, Lingyu Ding, Yu Kuang, Tianye Niu, Shixiu Wu
Sub-Region Based Radiomics Analysis For Survival Prediction In Oesophageal Tumours Treated By Definitive Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy, Congying Xie, Pengfei Yang, Xuebang Zhang, Lei Xu, Xiaoju Wang, Xiadong Li, Luhan Zhang, Ruifei Xie, Ling Yang, Zhao Jing, Hongfang Zhang, Lingyu Ding, Yu Kuang, Tianye Niu, Shixiu Wu
Health Physics & Diagnostic Sciences Faculty Publications
Background: Evaluating clinical outcome prior to concurrent chemoradiotherapy remains challenging for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as traditional prognostic markers are assessed at the completion of treatment. Herein, we investigated the potential of using sub-region radiomics as a novel tumour biomarker in predicting overall survival of OSCC patients treated by concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Methods: Independent patient cohorts from two hospitals were included for training (n = 87) and validation (n = 46). Radiomics features were extracted from sub-regions clustered from patients' tumour regions using K-means method. The LASSO regression for ‘Cox’ method was used for feature selection. The survival prediction model …
Modeling Reveals The Dependence Of Hippocampal Neurogenesis Radiosensitivity On Age And Strain Of Rats, Eliedonna Cacao, Sidath Kapukotuwa, Francis A. Cucinotta
Modeling Reveals The Dependence Of Hippocampal Neurogenesis Radiosensitivity On Age And Strain Of Rats, Eliedonna Cacao, Sidath Kapukotuwa, Francis A. Cucinotta
Health Physics & Diagnostic Sciences Faculty Publications
Cognitive dysfunction following radiation treatment for brain cancers in both children and adults have been correlated to impairment of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Various species and strains of rodent models have been used to study radiation-induced changes in neurogenesis and these investigations have utilized only a limited number of doses, dose-fractions, age and time after exposures conditions. In this paper, we have extended our previous mathematical model of radiation-induced hippocampal neurogenesis impairment of C57BL/6 mice to delineate the time, age, and dose dependent alterations in neurogenesis of a diverse strain of rats. To the best of our knowledge, …
A Novel Deep Learning Framework For Internal Gross Target Volume Definition From 4d Computed Tomography Of Lung Cancer Patients, Xiadong Li, Ziheng Deng, Qinghua Deng, Lidan Zhang, Tianye Niu, Yu Kuang
A Novel Deep Learning Framework For Internal Gross Target Volume Definition From 4d Computed Tomography Of Lung Cancer Patients, Xiadong Li, Ziheng Deng, Qinghua Deng, Lidan Zhang, Tianye Niu, Yu Kuang
Health Physics & Diagnostic Sciences Faculty Publications
In this paper, we study the reliability of a novel deep learning framework for internal gross target volume (IGTV) delineation from four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT), which is applied to patients with lung cancer treated by Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT). 77 patients who underwent SBRT followed by 4DCT scans were incorporated in a retrospective study. The IGTV_DL was delineated using a novel deep machine learning algorithm with a linear exhaustive optimal combination framework, for the purpose of comparison, three other IGTVs base on common methods was also delineated, we compared the relative volume difference (RVI), matching index (MI) and encompassment …
Dosimetric Feasibility Of 4dct-Ventilation Imaging Guided Proton Therapy For Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer, Qijie Huang, Salma K. Jabbour, Zhiyan Xiao, Ning Yue, Xiao Wang, Hongbin Cao, Yu Kuang, Yin Zhang, Ke Nie
Dosimetric Feasibility Of 4dct-Ventilation Imaging Guided Proton Therapy For Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer, Qijie Huang, Salma K. Jabbour, Zhiyan Xiao, Ning Yue, Xiao Wang, Hongbin Cao, Yu Kuang, Yin Zhang, Ke Nie
Health Physics & Diagnostic Sciences Faculty Publications
Background The principle aim of this study is to incorporate 4DCT ventilation imaging into functional treatment planning that preserves high-functioning lung with both double scattering and scanning beam techniques in proton therapy. Methods Eight patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer were included in this study. Deformable image registration was performed for each patient on their planning 4DCTs and the resultant displacement vector field with Jacobian analysis was used to identify the high-, medium- and low-functional lung regions. Five plans were designed for each patient: a regular photon IMRT vs. anatomic proton plans without consideration of functional ventilation information using …
Stochastic Modeling Of Radiation-Induced Dendritic Damage On In Silico Mouse Hippocampal Neurons, Eliedonna Cacao, Vipan K. Parihar, Charles L. Limoli, Francis A. Cucinotta
Stochastic Modeling Of Radiation-Induced Dendritic Damage On In Silico Mouse Hippocampal Neurons, Eliedonna Cacao, Vipan K. Parihar, Charles L. Limoli, Francis A. Cucinotta
Health Physics & Diagnostic Sciences Faculty Publications
Cognitive dysfunction associated with radiotherapy for cancer treatment has been correlated to several factors, one of which is changes to the dendritic morphology of neuronal cells. Alterations in dendritic geometry and branching patterns are often accompanied by deficits that impact learning and memory. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel predictive model of neuronal dendritic damages caused by exposure to low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, such as X-rays, gamma-rays and high-energy protons. We established in silico representations of mouse hippocampal dentate granule cell layer (GCL) and CA1 pyramidal neurons, which are frequently examined in radiation-induced cognitive …