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Regulation Of The Secondary Antibody Response In Vitro. Ii. Chemical Properties Of An Antibody Inhibitory Material (Aim) Produced In Antigen-Stimulated Rabbit Lymph Node Organ Culture, Charles T. Ambrose
Charles T. Ambrose
We have previously described an inhibitor of antibody synthesis found in serum-free medium of rabbit lymph node organ cultures undergoing a secondary response (1). This present paper concerns some chemical properties of this antibody inhibitory material (AIM), 1 notably its sensitivity to ribonuclease. The implications of this latter observation on the isolation of AIM are explored. Other experiments described here indicate that the inhibition of antibody synthesis by AIM is reversible and most pronounced during the productive phase in vitro. Crucial to these studies has been the preparation of media and the recognition of spurious inhibitory effects, particularly those relating …
Regulation Of The Secondary Antibody Response In Vitro. Enhancement By Actinomycin D And Inhibition By A Macromolecular Product Of Stimulated Lymph Node Cultures, Charles T. Ambrose
Regulation Of The Secondary Antibody Response In Vitro. Enhancement By Actinomycin D And Inhibition By A Macromolecular Product Of Stimulated Lymph Node Cultures, Charles T. Ambrose
Charles T. Ambrose
Because of its interference with the formation of messenger ribonucleic acid, actinomycin D has come to be regarded as a general inhibitor of protein synthesis. Under certain conditions, however, the drug has the opposite net effect and appears to enhance protein synthesis. This paradoxical phenomenon has been examined in bacteria, rats, and many different mammalian culture systems (see DISCUSSION). The proteins most frequently studied have been various induced enzymes. One postulated explanation of this phenomenon is that synthesis of the induced enzyme is modulated by an inhibitor normally appearing soon after enzyme induction and that under certain conditions inhibitor formation …
Inhibition Of The Secondary Antibody Response In Vitro By Salicylate And Gentisate, Charles T. Ambrose
Inhibition Of The Secondary Antibody Response In Vitro By Salicylate And Gentisate, Charles T. Ambrose
Charles T. Ambrose
In recent years chemical suppression of the immune response has been studied mainly with newly isolated antibiotics and other newly synthesized antimetabolites. But the predecessors to these studies began with two products of nineteenth century organic chemistry, mustard gas and salicylic acid. In 1921 Hektoen and Corper (1) described marked inhibition of the immune response by mustard gas (di-(chlorethyl)sulfide). About the same time Swift (2) first observed inhibition of antibody production by salicylates. During World War II the intensive investigations of mustard gas and of nitrogen mustard derivatives yielded other alkylating agents which today are among the more useful immunosuppressive …
Symposium On In Vitro Studies Of The Immune Response. Iii. Biochemical Agents Affecting The Inductive Phase Of The Secondary Antibody Response Initiated In Vitro, Charles T. Ambrose
Symposium On In Vitro Studies Of The Immune Response. Iii. Biochemical Agents Affecting The Inductive Phase Of The Secondary Antibody Response Initiated In Vitro, Charles T. Ambrose
Charles T. Ambrose
No abstract provided.
Culture Media: Animal Tissues. Part I. Balanced Salt Solutions, Charity Waymouth, Charles T. Ambrose
Culture Media: Animal Tissues. Part I. Balanced Salt Solutions, Charity Waymouth, Charles T. Ambrose
Charles T. Ambrose
No abstract provided.
The Requirement For Hydrocortisone In Antibody-Forming Tissue Cultivated In Serum-Free Medium, Charles T. Ambrose
The Requirement For Hydrocortisone In Antibody-Forming Tissue Cultivated In Serum-Free Medium, Charles T. Ambrose
Charles T. Ambrose
The investigations reported here stem from the discovery that the secondary response can readily be elicited in cultures of lymph node fragments prepared from previously immunized rabbits (1). Like most other organ and tissue culture systems, these lymph node cultures were originally found to require the presence of serum in a medium otherwise chemically defined in its content of salts, glucose, amino acids, and vitamins. But the secondary response was noted to vary in media containing sera from different rabbits, sera from different bleedings of the same rabbit, or even samples of the same serum stored frozen for different periods. …
Studies On Antibody Production. Viii. The Inhibitory Effect Of Chloramphenicol On The Synthesis Of Antibody In Tissue Culture, Charles T. Ambrose, Albert H. Coons
Studies On Antibody Production. Viii. The Inhibitory Effect Of Chloramphenicol On The Synthesis Of Antibody In Tissue Culture, Charles T. Ambrose, Albert H. Coons
Charles T. Ambrose
In 1953 Gale and Folkes (1) observed that chloramphenicol inhibited protein synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus but permitted substantial nucleic acid synthesis to continue. Subsequently, this drug has served as a powerful tool in studies of protein and nucleic acid metabolism in a wide variety of microbial systems. In sensitive bacterial cultures the addition of 30 to 100/~g/ml 0.1-0.31m~) of chloramphenicol results in prompt and nearly complete suppression of protein synthesis (1, 2), while concentrations as low as 2 ~g/ml (0.006 m~) produce 50 per cent inhibition in some bacteria (1). Very low oncentrations also inhibit protein synthesis in cell-free bacterial …
Antibody Production In Organ Cultures Of Lymph-Node Fragments Following In Vitro Secondary Antigenic Stimulation, Charles T. Ambrose
Antibody Production In Organ Cultures Of Lymph-Node Fragments Following In Vitro Secondary Antigenic Stimulation, Charles T. Ambrose
Charles T. Ambrose
The technique for obtaining a secondary antibody response in vitro by stimulating cultured fragments of immune rabbit lymph nodes is described. A thin pad of glass wool overlying the fragments in a Leighton tube was used to hold the fragments in place and to replace plasma for this function. In addition, the glass wool fibers provided an increased surface area for cellular migration, which may be studied in living cultures or in fixed and stained preparations. Experiments leading to the development of chemically defined medium are described; the components of this medium that appear to substitute for serum include hydrocortisone …