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Articles 31 - 47 of 47
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Hunger And Reduced Self-Control In The Laboratory And Across The World: Reducing Hunger As A Self-Control Panacea, Matthew T. Gailliot
Hunger And Reduced Self-Control In The Laboratory And Across The World: Reducing Hunger As A Self-Control Panacea, Matthew T. Gailliot
Faculty Publications
Ten studies link hunger to reduced self-control. Higher levels of hunger-as assessed by self-report, time since last eating, or physiology-predicted reduced self-control, as indicated by increased racial prejudice, (hypothetical) sexual infidelity, passivity, accessibility of death thoughts and perceptions of task difficulty, as well as impaired Stroop performance and decreased self-monitoring. Increased rates of hunger across 200 countries predicted increased war killings, suggestive of reduced aggressive restraint. In a final experiment, self-reported hunger mediated the effect of hungry (v fed) participants performing worse on the Stroop task, suggesting a causal relationship of hunger reducing self-control.
Improved Self-Control Associated With Using Relatively Large Amounts Of Glucose: Learning Self-Control Is Metabolically Expensive, Matthew T. Gailliot
Improved Self-Control Associated With Using Relatively Large Amounts Of Glucose: Learning Self-Control Is Metabolically Expensive, Matthew T. Gailliot
Faculty Publications
The current study examined whether changes in glucose during a self-control task would predict changes in self-control performance later on. Participants attended two experimental sessions, spaced two weeks apart. During each session, they had their glucose measured, completed the Stroop task as a measure of self-control, and then had their glucose measured again. Larger decreases in glucose (from before to after the Stroop task) during the first session predicted larger increases in improvement on the Stroop task during the second session, in the form of increased speed. Learning self-control might benefit from using larger amounts of glucose. Learning self-control is …
Mortality Salience And Metabolism: Glucose Drinks Reduce Worldview Defense Caused By Mortality Salience, Matthew T. Gailliot
Mortality Salience And Metabolism: Glucose Drinks Reduce Worldview Defense Caused By Mortality Salience, Matthew T. Gailliot
Faculty Publications
The current work tested the hypothesis that a glucose drink would reduce worldview defense following mortality salience. Participants consumed either a glucose drink or placebo, wrote about either death or dental pain, and then completed a measure of worldview defense (viewing positively someone with pro-US views and viewing negatively someone with anti-US views). Mortality salience increased world- view defense among participants who consumed a placebo but not among participants who consumed a glucose drink. Glucose might reduce defensiveness after mortality salience by increasing the effectiveness of the self-controlled suppression of death-related thought, by providing resources to cope with mortality salience …
Breaking The Rules: Low Trait Or State Self-Control Increases Social Norm Violations, Matthew T. Gailliot, Seth A. Gitter, Michael D. Baker, Roy F. Baumeister
Breaking The Rules: Low Trait Or State Self-Control Increases Social Norm Violations, Matthew T. Gailliot, Seth A. Gitter, Michael D. Baker, Roy F. Baumeister
Faculty Publications
Two pilot and six studies indicated that poor self-control causes people to violate social norms and rules that are effortful to follow. Lower trait self-control was associated with a greater willingness to take ethical risks and use curse words. Participants who completed an initial self-control task that reduced the capacity for self-control used more curse words and were more willing to take ethical risks than participants who completed a neutral task. Poor self-control was also associated with violating explicit rules given by the experimenter. Depleting self-control resources in a self-control exercise caused participants subsequently to talk when they had been …
Anthocyanins And Flavonoids Of Vaccinium L., Zushang Su
Anthocyanins And Flavonoids Of Vaccinium L., Zushang Su
Faculty Publications
Vaccinium L., comprising approximately 450 species primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, is a genus of shrubs or lianas in the family Ericaceae. The berries of many species are harvested for household consumption and commercial sale. The genus produces a wide range of compounds such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, chromones, coumarins, lignans, benzoic acids, iridoids, sterols, and triterpenoids, but is best known for the production of anthocyanins and flavonoids. Extracts and isolates of anthocyanins and flavonoids from Vaccinium fruits or leaves showed antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, vasoprotective, and antifungal activities. To data, more than 116 anthocyanins and flavonoids compounds have been isolated …
Phytochemical Constituents And Pharmacological Activities Of Eryngium L.(Apiaceae), Ping Wang, Zushang Su, Wei Yuan, Guangrui Deng, Shiyou Li
Phytochemical Constituents And Pharmacological Activities Of Eryngium L.(Apiaceae), Ping Wang, Zushang Su, Wei Yuan, Guangrui Deng, Shiyou Li
Faculty Publications
Eryngium L. is the largest and arguably the most taxonomically complex genus of the family Apiaceae. The genus has approximately 250 species throughout the world, with the center of diversity in South America. Some Eryngium species are cultivated as ornamental, vegetable, or medicinal crops for folk uses. With increasing chemical and biological investigations, Eryngium has shown its potential as pharmaceutical crops. This review focuses on phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of 127 compounds isolated and identified from 23 species of Eryngium, particularly nonessential oil compounds such as terpenoids, triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, polyacetylenes, and steroids. Eryngium extracts or isolates have shown …
Preparation And Characterization Of A Standardized Anticonvulsant Ginseng Rb Extract From Panax Quinquefolius L., Xiao-Yuan Lian, Zhizhen Zhang
Preparation And Characterization Of A Standardized Anticonvulsant Ginseng Rb Extract From Panax Quinquefolius L., Xiao-Yuan Lian, Zhizhen Zhang
Faculty Publications
A ginseng Rb extract (GRbE) containing three major ingredients of ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1), ginsenoside Rb3 (G-Rb3) and ginsenoside Rd (G-Rd) has been shown to have anticonvulsant and neuroprotective activity. As such, sufficient characterization and standardization of this active GRbE are demanded to facilitate an ongoing preclinical investigation on its potential for the treatment of epilepsy. In the investigation, the methods for generating the active GRbE and isolating G-Rb1, G-Rb3, and G-Rd in large scale from Panax quinquefolius are described. The chemical profile of GRbE was characterized by identifying the structure of the individual ingredients using NMR, and the concentration of …
Chemical Composition And Product Quality Control Of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.), Shiyou Li, Wei Yuan, Guangrui Deng, Ping Wang, Peiying Yang, Bharat Aggarwal
Chemical Composition And Product Quality Control Of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.), Shiyou Li, Wei Yuan, Guangrui Deng, Ping Wang, Peiying Yang, Bharat Aggarwal
Faculty Publications
Chemical constituents of various tissues of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) have been extensively investigated. To date, at least 235 compounds, primarily phenolic compounds and terpenoids have been identified from the species, including 22 diarylheptanoids and diarylpentanoids, eight phenylpropene and other phenolic compounds, 68 monoterpenes, 109 sesquiterpenes, five diterpenes, three triterpenoids, four sterols, two alkaloids, and 14 other compounds. Curcuminoids (diarylheptanoids) and essential oils are major bioactive ingredients showing various bioactivities in in vitro and in vivo bioassays. Curcuminoids in turmeric are primarily accumulated in rhizomes. The essential oils from leaves and flowers are usually dominated by monoterpenes while those from …
Anthocyanins, Phenolics, And Antioxidant Capacity Of Vaccinium L. In Texas, Usa, Wei Yuan, Lijing Zhou, Guangrui Deng, Ping Wang, David Creech, Shiyou Li
Anthocyanins, Phenolics, And Antioxidant Capacity Of Vaccinium L. In Texas, Usa, Wei Yuan, Lijing Zhou, Guangrui Deng, Ping Wang, David Creech, Shiyou Li
Faculty Publications
Berries of Vaccinium spp. have long been an important source of food and pharmaceutical ingredients and are considered to have high antioxidant potential. Growing blueberries in Texas, United States is a substantial industry, but there is no report on their antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, and anthocyanins. This study evaluates antioxidant capacity and contents of total phenolics and anthocayanins in both fruits and leaves of 19 genotypes including five commercial cultivars and 11 selections of rabbiteye blueberry (V. ashei) and southern highbush (V. corymbosum hybrids), and three native species (V. darrowii, V. arboreum, and V. fuscatum) grown in Nacogdoches, Texas. Significant …
Photosensitizer Drug Delivery Via An Optical Fiber, Matibur Zamadar, Goutam Ghosh, Adaic Kapillai Mahendran, Mihaela Minnis, Bonnie I. Kruft, Ashwini Ghogare, David Aebisher, Alexander Greer
Photosensitizer Drug Delivery Via An Optical Fiber, Matibur Zamadar, Goutam Ghosh, Adaic Kapillai Mahendran, Mihaela Minnis, Bonnie I. Kruft, Ashwini Ghogare, David Aebisher, Alexander Greer
Faculty Publications
: An optical fiber has been developed with a maneuverable miniprobe tip that sparges O2 gas and photodetaches pheophorbide (sensitizer) molecules. Singlet oxygen is produced at the probe tip surface which reacts with an alkene spacer group releasing sensitizer upon fragmentation of a dioxetane intermediate. Optimal sensitizer photorelease occurred when the probe tip was loaded with 60 nmol sensitizer, where crowding of the pheophorbide molecules and self-quenching were kept to a minimum. The fiber optic tip delivered pheophorbide molecules and singlet oxygen to discrete locations. The 60 nmol sensitizer was delivered into petrolatum; however, sensitizer release was less efficient in …
An Overview Of Genus Aesculus L.: Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, And Pharmacological Activities, Shiyou Li, Xiao-Yuan Lian, Zhizhen Zhang
An Overview Of Genus Aesculus L.: Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, And Pharmacological Activities, Shiyou Li, Xiao-Yuan Lian, Zhizhen Zhang
Faculty Publications
The genus Aesculus L. (Hippocastanaceae) has 12 species distributed in eastern Asia, eastern and western North America, and Europe. In Europe and the United States, A. hippocastanum has been used for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids, and postoperative edema. In China, A. chinensis var. chinense has been used as a stomachic and analgesic in the treatment of distention and pain in the chest and the abdomen, malaria, dysentery, and heart disease. The objective of this paper is to review the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of the genus Aesculus. To date, more than 210 compounds have been isolated …
Pharmaceutical Crops: An Overview, Shiyou Li, Wei Yuan, Peiying Yang, Mikhail Antoun, Michael Balick, Gordon Cragg
Pharmaceutical Crops: An Overview, Shiyou Li, Wei Yuan, Peiying Yang, Mikhail Antoun, Michael Balick, Gordon Cragg
Faculty Publications
Pharmaceutical crops is an ambiguous term used by biologists and chemists for different categories of plants. We define pharmaceutical crops as those cultivated species that are used for extraction or preparation of therapeutic substances such as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), excipients used in pharmaceutical formulations, vaccines and antibodies, as well as other therapeutic proteins. Based on the type of pharmaceutical product, these crops can be classified into three distinct yet sometimes overlapping categories: crops for the production of small therapeutic molecules (STMs), large therapeutic molecules (LMTs), or standard therapeutic extracts (STEs). This review briefly discusses the relationships of pharmaceutical crops …
How Can A Video Game Cause Panic Attacks? 1. Effects Of An Auditory Stressor On The Human Brainstem, Judith Lauter, Elizabeth Mathukutty, Brandon Scott
How Can A Video Game Cause Panic Attacks? 1. Effects Of An Auditory Stressor On The Human Brainstem, Judith Lauter, Elizabeth Mathukutty, Brandon Scott
Faculty Publications
The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was recorded during simultaneous binaural presentation of two types of sounds: 1) condensation clicks presented through in-the-ear earphones at 43.1/sec, 60dB nHL; and 2) recordings of breathing sounds, presented through supra-aural headphones, at levels adjusted by participants to be equivalent to the clicks. In alternate blocks, the breathing sounds were either: 1) a recording of quiet breathing (blocks 1, 3, 5); or 2) a recording of erratic (stressed) breathing (blocks 2, 4). The erratic breathing was modeled on a video game soundtrack in which the character was represented as running, wounded, and frightened. Four 2048-sweep …
Singlet Oxygen Delivery Through The Porous Cap Of A Hollow-Core Fiber Optic Device, Matibur Zamadar, David Aebisher, Alexander Greer
Singlet Oxygen Delivery Through The Porous Cap Of A Hollow-Core Fiber Optic Device, Matibur Zamadar, David Aebisher, Alexander Greer
Faculty Publications
The development of the first photosensitizer/fiber optic device is reported. An oxygen-flowing, fiber-capped configuration is used for the application of heterogeneous, spatially confined singlet oxygen delivery in aqueous media. This is a unique device, unlike other heterogeneous photosensitizers, in which local concentrations of singlet oxygen can be delivered via introduction and withdrawal of the fiber tip.
Sex Differences In Jealousy In Response To Actual Infidelity, John E. Edlund, Jeremy D. Heider, Cory R. Scherer, Maria-Magdalena Farc, Brad J. Sagarin
Sex Differences In Jealousy In Response To Actual Infidelity, John E. Edlund, Jeremy D. Heider, Cory R. Scherer, Maria-Magdalena Farc, Brad J. Sagarin
Faculty Publications
The present studies address two criticisms of the theory of evolved sex differences in jealousy: (a) that the sex difference in jealousy emerges only in response to hypothetical infidelity scenarios, and (b) that the sex difference emerges only using forced-choice measures. In two separate studies, one a paper-and-pencil survey with a student sample and the other a web-based survey targeting a non-student sample, men and women showed significant sex differences in jealousy in response to actual infidelity experiences; men experienced more jealousy in response to the sexual aspects of an actual infidelity, whereas women experienced more jealousy in response to …
Heparin Modulates The 99-Loop Of Factor Ixa: Effects On Reactivity With Isolated Kunitz-Type Inhibitor Domains, Pierre F. Neuenschwander, Stephen R. Williamson, Armen Nalian, Kimberly J. Baker-Deadmond
Heparin Modulates The 99-Loop Of Factor Ixa: Effects On Reactivity With Isolated Kunitz-Type Inhibitor Domains, Pierre F. Neuenschwander, Stephen R. Williamson, Armen Nalian, Kimberly J. Baker-Deadmond
Faculty Publications
Reactivity of factor IXa with basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor is enhanced by low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin). Previous studies by us have suggested that this effect involves allosteric modulation of factor IXa. We examined the reactivity of factor IXa with several isolated Kunitz-type inhibitor domains: basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, the Kunitz inhibitor domain of protease Nexin-2, and the first two inhibitor domains of tissue factor pathway inhibitor. We find that enhancement of factor IXa reactivity by enoxaparin is greatest for basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (>10-fold), followed by the second tissue factor pathway inhibitor domain (1.7-fold) and the Kunitz inhibitor …
Predicting The Readability Of Transparent Text, Lauren F. V. Scharff, Albert J. Ahumada Jr.
Predicting The Readability Of Transparent Text, Lauren F. V. Scharff, Albert J. Ahumada Jr.
Faculty Publications
Will a simple global masking model based on image detection be successful at predicting the readability of transparent text? Text readability was measured for two types of transparent text: additive (as occurs in head-up displays) and multiplicative (which occurs in see-through liquid crystal display virtual reality displays). Text contrast and background texture were manipulated. Data from two previous experiments were also included (one using very low contrasts on plain backgrounds, and the other using higher-contrast opaque text on both plain and textured backgrounds). All variables influenced readability in at least an interactive manner. When there were background textures, the global …