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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Optimal Survey Design For Community Intervention Evaluations: Cohort Or Cross-Sectional?, Paula Diehr
Optimal Survey Design For Community Intervention Evaluations: Cohort Or Cross-Sectional?, Paula Diehr
Paula Diehr
Community intervention evaluations that measure changes over time may conduct repeated cross-sectional surveys, follow a cohort of residents over time, or (often) use both designs. Each survey design has implications for precision and cost. To explore these issues, we assume that two waves of surveys are conducted, and that the goal is to estimate change in behavior for people who reside in the community at both times. Cohort designs are shown to provide more accurate estimates (in the sense of lower mean squared error) than cross-sectional estimates if (1) there is strong correlation over time in an individual's behavior at …
Breaking The Matches In A Paired T-Test For Community Interventions When The Number Of Pairs Is Small, Paula Diehr
Breaking The Matches In A Paired T-Test For Community Interventions When The Number Of Pairs Is Small, Paula Diehr
Paula Diehr
There is considerable interest in community interventions for health promotion, where the community is the experimental unit. Because such interventions are expensive, the number of experimental units (communities) is usually small. Because of the small number of communities involved, investigators often match treatment and control communities on demographic variables before randomization to minimize the possibility of a bad split. Unfortunately, matching has been shown to decrease the power of the design when the number of pairs is small, unless the matching variable is very highly correlated with the outcome variable (in this case, with change in the health behaviour). We …
An Epidemiological Survey Of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among Elderly Malaysians, Taiyeb Ali T. B., Razak I. A., Raja Latifah R. J., Rosnah Binti Zain
An Epidemiological Survey Of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among Elderly Malaysians, Taiyeb Ali T. B., Razak I. A., Raja Latifah R. J., Rosnah Binti Zain
Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain
A house to house random survey on elderly subjects was undertaken in the District of Klang in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OML) among the elderly in this area. The primary units in the sampling frame were the Enumeration Blocks (EBs) as defined under the population census. All households of the selected EBs were considered as sampling units and members aged 60 and above were considered as respondents. There was a slight preponderance of females, with the Malays comprising the majority of the subjects. Of the 486 respondents, mean aged …
An "Extended -10" Promoter Alone Directs The Transcription Of The Dpnii Operon Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Alexander G. Sabelnikov, Bill Greenberg, Sanford Lacks
An "Extended -10" Promoter Alone Directs The Transcription Of The Dpnii Operon Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Alexander G. Sabelnikov, Bill Greenberg, Sanford Lacks
Alexander G Sabelnikov
No abstract provided.
Including Deaths When Measuring Health Status Over Time, Paula Diehr
Including Deaths When Measuring Health Status Over Time, Paula Diehr
Paula Diehr
Measuring health status over time is problematic when some subjects die, because death does not have a defined value on most health status measures. This situation is different from the usual missing data problem because the health status of the dead is, in a sense, known. We examined eight strategies for incorporating deaths into such analyses using three health status measures taken from two data sets, after which we used computer simulation to explore more fully the effect of deaths. The strategies differed in the amount of influence given to the deaths, varying from none (deaths were discarded) to complete …
The Effect Of Thermocycling On The Fatigue Behavior Of Dental Composites, Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.
The Effect Of Thermocycling On The Fatigue Behavior Of Dental Composites, Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.
Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.
The effect of thermocycling on the fatigue behaviour of 2 microfilled composites; Silux Plus3 and Heliomolar2 and 3 hybrid composites; P502, Cleafil Photo Posterior3 (both light-activated) and Cleafil Posterior3 (chemically-activated) was investigated using a ball mill. Ninety specimens (2 x 2 x 25mm) of each material were used. The specimes were divided into 3 groups of 30 and were stored for 24 h in water at 37oC (Group A), subjected to 104 thermal cycle over 45 days (Group B) and stored in water at 37oC for 45 days (Group C). Ten specimens of each material were tested in a 0.5 …
Clinical Parameters For Australian Practice. Modes Of Care, Dennis M. Richards
Clinical Parameters For Australian Practice. Modes Of Care, Dennis M. Richards
Dennis M Richards
In 1994 I was invited to write the ‘Modes of Care’ chapter for the Chiropractors’ Association of Australia’s ‘Clinical Parameters for Australian Practice’ clinical guidelines document. This took over a year of work and the final document I submitted was of 21,285 words and 497 references. It's purpose was to describe and rate procedures commonly used by Australian chiropractors in the care of their patients.
Below The Belt Cigarette Advertising, Richard W. Pollay
Below The Belt Cigarette Advertising, Richard W. Pollay
Richard W. Pollay
No abstract provided.
Targeting Tactics In Selling Smoke: Youthful Aspects Of 20th Century Cigarette Advertising, Richard W. Pollay
Targeting Tactics In Selling Smoke: Youthful Aspects Of 20th Century Cigarette Advertising, Richard W. Pollay
Richard W. Pollay
No abstract provided.
Smoking And Mortality From Cerebrovascular Disorders In Brazil [Portuguese]L: Comparative Study Of Capital Cities Of Metropolitan Regions, 1988 [Porug, Paulo A. Lotufo
Smoking And Mortality From Cerebrovascular Disorders In Brazil [Portuguese]L: Comparative Study Of Capital Cities Of Metropolitan Regions, 1988 [Porug, Paulo A. Lotufo
Paulo A Lotufo
The role of smoking as risk factor for stroke is controversial. An ecological design study was performed to test the association between stroke mortality and smoking in Brazil. Lung cancer mortality was used as a surrogate for smoking habit.The mortality rate for stroke (ICD-9:430-438) and lung cancer (ICD-9: 162) were determined in the following metropolitan areas: Belém, Recife, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Curitiba and Porto Alegre for males and females between 30 years-old and 69 years-old. ANOVA test was used to compare both age-adjusted mortality rates. A negative association by ANOVA was determined between age-adjusted rates …
Tendencias De Mortalidade Por Doencas Cardiovasculares No Estado De Sao Paulo [Portuguese], Paulo A. Lotufo
Tendencias De Mortalidade Por Doencas Cardiovasculares No Estado De Sao Paulo [Portuguese], Paulo A. Lotufo
Paulo A Lotufo
No abstract provided.
Doenças Cardiovasculares: Panorama Da Mortalidade No Brasil., Paulo A. Lotufo
Doenças Cardiovasculares: Panorama Da Mortalidade No Brasil., Paulo A. Lotufo
Paulo A Lotufo
No abstract provided.
Oral Pyogenic Granuloma (Excluding Pregnancy Tumour)--A Clinical Analysis Of 304 Cases, Rosnah Binti Zain, Khoo S. P., Yeo J. F.
Oral Pyogenic Granuloma (Excluding Pregnancy Tumour)--A Clinical Analysis Of 304 Cases, Rosnah Binti Zain, Khoo S. P., Yeo J. F.
Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain
A clinical analysis of 304 cases of pyogenic granuloma (excluding pregnancy tumour) were obtained from the clinical evaluations submitted by clinicians while sending specimens for biopsy. The average age of the patients with pyogenic granuloma was 28.9 years with a peak age incidence in the second decade. More female patients were affected and the lesions present mainly in the Chinese. The majority of the lesions were ulcerated and pedunculated. The lesions had a mean diameter of 10.8 mm with a mean lesion duration of 6.0 months. The gingiva was the prevalent site for these lesions with a greater number being …
Population Genetic-Study Among The Orang-Asli (Semai-Senoi) Of Malaysia - Malayan Aborigines, Mary Anne Tan Jin Ai
Population Genetic-Study Among The Orang-Asli (Semai-Senoi) Of Malaysia - Malayan Aborigines, Mary Anne Tan Jin Ai
Mary Anne Tan Jin Ai
A population genetic study was undertaken to provide gene frequency data on the additional blood genetic markers in the Semai and to estimate the genetic relations between the Semai and their neighboring and linguistically related populations by genetic distance and principal components analyses. Altogether 10 poly morphic and 7 monomorphic blood genetic markers (plasma proteins and red cell enzymes) were studied in a group of 349 Senoi Semai from 11. aboriginal settlements (villages) in the Pahang State of western Malaysia, Both the red cell glucosed-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) loci reveal the presence of polymorphic frequencies of a …
Oscillations And Waves Of Intracellular [Ca2+] In Cardiac-Muscle-Cells, Mohd Rais Mustafa
Oscillations And Waves Of Intracellular [Ca2+] In Cardiac-Muscle-Cells, Mohd Rais Mustafa
Mohd Rais Mustafa
When cardiac muscle cells become overloaded with Ca2+, spontaneous releases of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum can occur. Such spontaneous releases normally originate within a localized region of the cell and propagate as a wave throughout the cell. The amplitude and frequency of these Ca2+ releases increase with the degree of Ca2+ loading of the cell, and are abolished by interventions which inhibit sarcoplasmic reticulum function. It is still not clear whether these releases are triggered by a rise in the [Ca2+] in the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum or by a rise in cytoplasmic [Ca2+]. Such releases may, however, …
Seizure Threshold In Electroconvulsive Therapy: I. Initial Seizure Threshold, C. Edward Coffey, Joseph Lucke, Richard D. Weiner, Andrew D. Krystal, Michael Aque
Seizure Threshold In Electroconvulsive Therapy: I. Initial Seizure Threshold, C. Edward Coffey, Joseph Lucke, Richard D. Weiner, Andrew D. Krystal, Michael Aque
Joseph Lucke
We measured initial seizure threshold by means of a structured stimulus dosage titration procedure in a clinical sample of 111 depressed patients undergoing brief-pulse, constantcurrent electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Initial seizure threshold was approximately 60 millicoumbs (mc) (10 Joules) on average, but varied widely (6-fold) across patients. Initial seizure threshold was predicted by four variables: electrode placement (higher with bilateral), gender (higher in men), age (higher with increasing age), and dynamic impedance (inverse relationship). Use of neuroleptic medication was associated with a lower seizure threshold. EEG seizure duration was inversely related to initial seizure threshold, but no other relations with seizure …
Seizure Threshold In Electroconvulsive Therapy (Ect): Ii. The Anticonvulsant Effect Of Ect, C. Edward Coffey, Joseph Lucke, Richard D. Weiner, Andrew D. Krystal, Michael Aque
Seizure Threshold In Electroconvulsive Therapy (Ect): Ii. The Anticonvulsant Effect Of Ect, C. Edward Coffey, Joseph Lucke, Richard D. Weiner, Andrew D. Krystal, Michael Aque
Joseph Lucke
To measure the anticonvulsant effects of a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), we used a flexible stimulus dosage titration procedure to estimate seizure threshold at the first and sixth ECT treatments in 62 patients with depression who were undergoing a course of brief pulse, constant current ECT given at moderately suprathreshold stimulus intensity. Seizure threshold increased by approximately 47% on average, but only 35 (56%) of the 62 patients showed a rise in seizure threshold. The rise in seizure threshold was associated with increasing age, but not with gender, stimulus electrode placement, or initial seizure threshold. Dynamic impedance decreased by …
Assessing Sequential Oncogene Amplification In Human Breast Cancer, Laura E. Janocko, Joseph F. Lucke, David W. Groft, Kathryn A. Brown, Charles A. Smith, Agnese A. Pollice, Sarita G. Singh, Robert Yakulis, Robert J. Hartsock, Stanley E. Shackney
Assessing Sequential Oncogene Amplification In Human Breast Cancer, Laura E. Janocko, Joseph F. Lucke, David W. Groft, Kathryn A. Brown, Charles A. Smith, Agnese A. Pollice, Sarita G. Singh, Robert Yakulis, Robert J. Hartsock, Stanley E. Shackney
Joseph Lucke
Studies of amplification and/or overexpression of c-myc, HER-2/neu, and H-ras in breast cancer have shown that each is associated with a poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility that there is a preferred sequence of amplification of these oncogenes in breast cancer. The frequencies of amplification and patterns of co-amplification of c-myc, HER-2/neu, and H-ras were studied in a group of 84 breast cancers. The data suggested a preferred sequence of amplification that consisted of c-myc amplification-HER-2/neu amplification-H-ras amplification. This model was supported by loglinear analysis. In addition, the levels of amplification of JC-A, a …