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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

The Charophyte Lamprothamnium Succinctum As An Environmental Indicator: A Holocene Example From Tom Thumbs Lagoon, Eastern Australia, Adriana Garcia, Brian Jones, Bryan Chenhall, Colin Murray-Wallace Jun 2013

The Charophyte Lamprothamnium Succinctum As An Environmental Indicator: A Holocene Example From Tom Thumbs Lagoon, Eastern Australia, Adriana Garcia, Brian Jones, Bryan Chenhall, Colin Murray-Wallace

B. G. Jones

The palaeobiota from a middle to late Holocene succession in Tom Thumbs Lagoon, N.S.W., Australia, reflects a range of environmental conditions caused by sea-level changes and active estuarine sedimentation. At the base of the succession (~ -0.4 m AHD) a thin bed, containing molluscs dated at 6.7 ka B.P. by radiocarbon and amino acid racemisation, and foraminifers is indicative of open estuarine conditions. From +0.35 m AHD towards the top of the sequence the charophyte Lamprotharanium succinctum occurs in subrecent deposits. This species is charactedsed here by statistical measurements, and new characters are described and illustrated. The charophytes record a …


Anthropogenic Effects In A Coastal Lagoon: Geochemical Characterization Of Burrill Lake, Nsw, Australia, Brian Jones, Hannah Killian, Bryan Chenhall, Craig Sloss Jun 2013

Anthropogenic Effects In A Coastal Lagoon: Geochemical Characterization Of Burrill Lake, Nsw, Australia, Brian Jones, Hannah Killian, Bryan Chenhall, Craig Sloss

B. G. Jones

Burrill Lake, a small coastal lagoon on the south coast of New South Wales, developed as an impounded drowned river valley following the post-glacial marine transgression. Marine sand fills the entrance to the lagoon whereas the back-barrier basin has accumulated organic-rich mud and sandy bayhead deltas. The bilobate form of the estuary coincides with two different catchment lithologies and land use patterns. The northern lobe drains an agricultural catchment and has a much larger bayhead delta than the southern lobs that drains natural and state forest. Sedimentation rates within the muddy lagoonal deposits are about 1.7 mm/yr. The distributions of …


Fluvial Architecture Of The Hawkesbury Sandstone (Triassic), Near Sydney, Australia, Andrew Miall, Brian Jones Jun 2013

Fluvial Architecture Of The Hawkesbury Sandstone (Triassic), Near Sydney, Australia, Andrew Miall, Brian Jones

B. G. Jones

The Hawkesbury Sandstone has long been assumed to represent the deposits of a large braided river system, comparable in style and magnitude with the modern Brahmaputra River of Bangladesh. Such an interpretation is based mainly on the common occurrence of very large-scale crossbedding, but no architectural studies of the unit have hitherto been carried out. This paper represents a first attempt to estimate the magnitude of Hawkesbury channels and bars on the basis of the preserved architectural evidence. Photomosaics were constructed of two cliff sections south of Sydney, one 5.6 km in length. On the basis of these profiles we …


Using A Social Functionalist Framework To Understand Responses To Projected Sea Level Rise And Managed Retreat Policies In Australia, Kim Alexander, Anthony Ryan May 2013

Using A Social Functionalist Framework To Understand Responses To Projected Sea Level Rise And Managed Retreat Policies In Australia, Kim Alexander, Anthony Ryan

Kim S Alexander Dr

Managed retreat is one of the few policy options available to the Australian government to mitigate the risk of sea level rise for coastal communities. A structured withdrawal from areas inundated by rising sea levels may be the only viable option for some jurisdictions and in many cases may be the most cost effective defensive approach. At present, little is known about community opinions on managed retreat options. The authors present a social functionalist framework to analyse the range of personal concerns and understand more about how people may respond to predicted changes to coastal shorelines. The meta-theoretical social functionalist …


Strategies To Address Iodine Deficiency In Australia Require Ongoing Monitoring And Surveillance, Heather Yeatman, Karen E. Charlton Apr 2013

Strategies To Address Iodine Deficiency In Australia Require Ongoing Monitoring And Surveillance, Heather Yeatman, Karen E. Charlton

Karen E. Charlton

No abstract provided.


Poor Iodine Status And Knowledge Related To Iodine On The Eve Of Mandatory Iodine Fortification In Australia, Heather Yeatman, Karen E. Charlton, Fiona Houweling Apr 2013

Poor Iodine Status And Knowledge Related To Iodine On The Eve Of Mandatory Iodine Fortification In Australia, Heather Yeatman, Karen E. Charlton, Fiona Houweling

Karen E. Charlton

Background: Mandatory fortification of bread with iodised salt is proposed to address the re-emergence of iodine deficiency in Australia and New Zealand. The impacts of fortification require baseline data of iodine status among vulnerable sectors of the population. Objective: To assess the iodine status of healthy women and to investigate consumer understanding and attitudes related to the proposed mandatory iodine fortification programme. Design: Cross-sectional sample of 78 non-pregnant women aged 20-55 y was conveniently sampled in Wollongong, NSW. A single 24-hr urine sample was collected for urinary iodine concentration (UIC). A selfadministered questionnaire assessed consumer understanding, perceptions and attitudes related …


End-Of-Life Care For Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual And Transgender People, Colleen Cartwright, Mark Hughes, Tania Lienert Apr 2013

End-Of-Life Care For Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual And Transgender People, Colleen Cartwright, Mark Hughes, Tania Lienert

Professor Colleen M Cartwright

There is little understanding in Australia of the special issues faced by gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender people in end-of-life care and advance care planning. This exploratory study aimed to achieve an initial understanding of these issues to inform the development of a larger study involving gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender service users. Consultations were carried out with 19 service providers and 6 gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender community members in the Northern Rivers and metropolitan Sydney areas of New South Wales, Australia. Participants reported barriers to health care service access due to discrimination, inappropriate care and lack of knowledge …


New Ages For Human Occupation And Climatic Change At Lake Mungo Australia, James Bowler, Harvey Johnston, Jon M Olley, John Prescott, Richard Roberts, Wilfred Shawcross, Nigel Spooner Mar 2013

New Ages For Human Occupation And Climatic Change At Lake Mungo Australia, James Bowler, Harvey Johnston, Jon M Olley, John Prescott, Richard Roberts, Wilfred Shawcross, Nigel Spooner

Richard G Roberts

Australia’s oldest human remains, found at Lake Mungo, include the world’s oldest ritual ochre burial (Mungo III) and the first recorded cremation (Mungo I). Until now, the importance of these finds has been constrained by limited chronologies and palaeoenvironmental information. Mungo III, the source of the world’s oldest human mitochondrial DNA, has been variously estimated at 30 thousand years (kyr) old, 42–45 kyr old and 62 +/- 6 kyr old. while radiocarbon estimates placed theMungo I cremation near 20–26 kyr ago. Here we report a new series of 25 optical ages showing that both burials occurred at 40 +/- 2 …


Chronologies Of Carbon And Of Silica: Evidence Concerning The Dating Of The Earliest Human Presence In Northern Australia, Richard Roberts, Richard Jones Mar 2013

Chronologies Of Carbon And Of Silica: Evidence Concerning The Dating Of The Earliest Human Presence In Northern Australia, Richard Roberts, Richard Jones

Richard G Roberts

No abstract provided.


Tight Entrance Cave, Southwestern Australia: A Late Pleistocene Vertebrate Deposit Spanning More Than 180 Ka, Gavin Prideaux, G Gully, Linda Ayliffe, M Bird, Richard Roberts Mar 2013

Tight Entrance Cave, Southwestern Australia: A Late Pleistocene Vertebrate Deposit Spanning More Than 180 Ka, Gavin Prideaux, G Gully, Linda Ayliffe, M Bird, Richard Roberts

Richard G Roberts

No abstract provided.


Elemental Delta C-13 At Allen's Cave, Nullarbor Plain, Australia: Assessing Post-Depositional Disturbance And Reconstructing Past Environments, C Turney, M Bird, Richard Roberts Mar 2013

Elemental Delta C-13 At Allen's Cave, Nullarbor Plain, Australia: Assessing Post-Depositional Disturbance And Reconstructing Past Environments, C Turney, M Bird, Richard Roberts

Richard G Roberts

No abstract provided.


The Celtic Chronologist: Rhys Jones And The Dating Of The Human Colonisation Of Australia, Richard Roberts Mar 2013

The Celtic Chronologist: Rhys Jones And The Dating Of The Human Colonisation Of Australia, Richard Roberts

Richard G Roberts

No abstract provided.


Early Human Occupation At Devil's Lair, South-Western Australia, Christian Turney, M Bird, L K Fifield, Richard Roberts, Michael Smith, C Dortch, R. Grun, E Lawson, Linda Ayliffe, G Miller, J Dortch, R Creswell Mar 2013

Early Human Occupation At Devil's Lair, South-Western Australia, Christian Turney, M Bird, L K Fifield, Richard Roberts, Michael Smith, C Dortch, R. Grun, E Lawson, Linda Ayliffe, G Miller, J Dortch, R Creswell

Richard G Roberts

No abstract provided.


Progress Towards Single-Grain Optical Dating Of Fossil Mud-Wasp Nests And Associated Rock Art In Northern Australia, Hiroyuki Yoshida, Richard Roberts, Jon M Olley Mar 2013

Progress Towards Single-Grain Optical Dating Of Fossil Mud-Wasp Nests And Associated Rock Art In Northern Australia, Hiroyuki Yoshida, Richard Roberts, Jon M Olley

Richard G Roberts

No abstract provided.


Setting A Course: A Critical Review Of The Literature On Nurse Leadership In Australia, John Hurley, Marie Hutchinson Mar 2013

Setting A Course: A Critical Review Of The Literature On Nurse Leadership In Australia, John Hurley, Marie Hutchinson

Professor John Hurley

Nurse leadership capability that is constructed, nurtured and supported from pre-registration level into the mature career stages intuitively appears to offer benefit for all health stakeholders. Literature suggests such effective nurse leadership impacts positively on not only the quality of clinical care, but also the working environment in which nursing is conducted. Yet a coordinated strategic impetus to develop this leadership capability throughout the nursing profession in Australia remains elusive to quantify. Australia produces many outstanding nurse leaders despite this apparent lack of strategic direction, and yet perhaps due to this lack of cohesive direction nursing leadership is arguably not …


Linking Primary Health Care Researchers In South Australia: A Network Strategy, Sarnet, Raechel L. Waters, Kathryn M. Weston, Elizabeth Farmer Dec 2012

Linking Primary Health Care Researchers In South Australia: A Network Strategy, Sarnet, Raechel L. Waters, Kathryn M. Weston, Elizabeth Farmer

Elizabeth Farmer

In response to the changing definitions of primary care delivery there is a growing need for research to be practitioner-driven and multidisciplinary. This paper addresses the strategies used to enhance multidisciplinary participation and capacity building in research in the South Australian Primary Health Care Research Network (SARNet). This network has 198 members currently. Membership is strongly multidisciplinary and spans all levels of research expertise. The services offered by the network are member-driven and include competitive bursary funding for research and evaluation skills development, writing groups, training events, access to web-based resources and information, special interest groups, and email alerts. Potential …


A Comparison Of Asynchronous And Synchronous Arm Cranking During The Wingate Test, Dale Lovell, Dale Mason, Elias Delphinus, Christopher Mclellan Oct 2012

A Comparison Of Asynchronous And Synchronous Arm Cranking During The Wingate Test, Dale Lovell, Dale Mason, Elias Delphinus, Christopher Mclellan

Chris McLellan

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare asynchronous (ASY) arm cranking (cranks at 180° relative to each other) with synchronous (SYN) arm cranking (parallel crank setting) during the 30 s Wingate anaerobic test.

Methods: Thirty-two physically active men (aged 22.1 ± 2.4 y) completed two Wingate tests (one ASY and one SYN) separated by 4 d in a randomized counterbalanced order. The Wingate tests were completed on a modified electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer. Performance measures assessed during the two tests include peak power, mean power, minimum power, time to peak power, rate to fatigue and maximum …


The Context Of Clinical Teaching And Learning In Australia: Towards A Reconstruction Of The Relationship Between Medical Schools And Health Services, Julie Ash, Lucie Walters, David Prideaux, Ian Wilson Oct 2012

The Context Of Clinical Teaching And Learning In Australia: Towards A Reconstruction Of The Relationship Between Medical Schools And Health Services, Julie Ash, Lucie Walters, David Prideaux, Ian Wilson

Ian G Wilson

• Gaining clinical experience for an extended period of time in teaching hospitals is one of the enduring strengths of medical education. • Teaching hospitals have recently faced significant challenges, with increasing specialisation of services and workload pressures reducing clinical learning opportunities. • New clinical teaching environments have been established in Australia, particularly in rural and regional areas; these are proving to be ideal contexts for student learning. • The new clinical teaching environments have shown the importance of developing symbiotic relationships between universities and health services. Symbiotic clinical learning is built around longitudinal, patientbased learning emphasising priority health concerns. …


Only The Best: Medical Student Selection In Australia, Ian Wilson, Chris Roberts, Eleanor Flynn, Barbara Griffin Oct 2012

Only The Best: Medical Student Selection In Australia, Ian Wilson, Chris Roberts, Eleanor Flynn, Barbara Griffin

Ian G Wilson

Over the past two decades there has been a significant change in the way Australian medical schools select their students. Where once a school leaver’s matriculation score was the predominant criterion,1 there is now a range of selection procedures for entry into school-leaver, graduate-entry and mixed-entry medical school programs. The change in selection procedures has in part been driven by a desire to assess broader suitability than just academic performance, and the need for medical schools to be socially accountable and reduce discrimination in selection procedures.2 We provide an overview of medical student selection in Australia, including the aims and …


The Paradoxical Food Buying Behaviour Of Parents: Insights From The Uk And Australia, Gary I. Noble, Sandra C. Jones, Danielle Mcvie, Laura Mcdermott, Martine Stead Sep 2012

The Paradoxical Food Buying Behaviour Of Parents: Insights From The Uk And Australia, Gary I. Noble, Sandra C. Jones, Danielle Mcvie, Laura Mcdermott, Martine Stead

Gary Noble

AbstractPurpose - This article aims to explore the apparent paradox between the nutritional knowledge ofparents of pre-school children and their actual food purchase and preparation behaviour.Design/methodology/approach - Two separate qualitative data collection exercises wereconducted, an exploratory focus group study in the UK and a projective technique study in Australia.Findings - The UK study found that, despite believing that vegetables were good for children'shealth, mothers also perceived that it was extremely difficult to encourage children to eat them. Theresults of Australian study suggest that the purchase of unhealthy "treats" or "bribes" is explainedthrough the concept of "expediency" whereas what this study …


Risk Of Road Traffic Accidents In Patients Discharged Following Treatment For Psychotropic Drug Overdose: A Self-Controlled Case Series Study In Australia, Tharaka L. Dassanayake, Alison L. Jones, Patricia Michie, Gregory Carter, Patrick Mcelduff, Barrie J. Stokes, Ian Whyte Sep 2012

Risk Of Road Traffic Accidents In Patients Discharged Following Treatment For Psychotropic Drug Overdose: A Self-Controlled Case Series Study In Australia, Tharaka L. Dassanayake, Alison L. Jones, Patricia Michie, Gregory Carter, Patrick Mcelduff, Barrie J. Stokes, Ian Whyte

Alison L Jones

Background: Use of psychotropic drugs is known to impair driving and increase the risk of road traffic accidents. They are also the most common drugs taken in overdose in hospital-treated episodes of self-poisoning. Most patients who take psychotropic drug overdoses are discharged within 48 hours, while they still have possible subclinical drug effects. Objective: Using a self-controlled case series design, we aimed to determine whether patients with psychotropic drug overdose are at a higher risk of a traffic accident in the period following discharge compared with a control period not associated with hospital-treated drug overdose. Methodology: Using the New South …


Alert But Less Alarmed: A Pooled Analysis Of Terrorism Threat Perception In Australia, Garry Stevens, Kingsley Agho, Melanie Taylor, Alison L. Jones, Jennifer Jacobs, Margo Barr, Beverley Raphael Sep 2012

Alert But Less Alarmed: A Pooled Analysis Of Terrorism Threat Perception In Australia, Garry Stevens, Kingsley Agho, Melanie Taylor, Alison L. Jones, Jennifer Jacobs, Margo Barr, Beverley Raphael

Alison L Jones

Background: Previous Australian research has highlighted disparities in community perceptions of the threat posed by terrorism. A study with a large sample size is needed to examine reported concerns and anticipated responses of community sub-groups and to determine their consistency with existing Australian and international findings. Methods: Representative samples of New South Wales (NSW) adults completed terrorism perception questions as part of computer assisted telephone interviews (CATI) in 2007 (N = 2081) and 2010 (N = 2038). Responses were weighted against the NSW population. Data sets from the two surveys were pooled and multivariate multilevel analyses conducted to identify health …


A Tale Of Two Towns: Observations On Risk Perception Of Environmental Lead Exposure In Port Pirie And Esperance, Australia, Jane Heyworth, Chris Reynolds, Alison Jones Sep 2012

A Tale Of Two Towns: Observations On Risk Perception Of Environmental Lead Exposure In Port Pirie And Esperance, Australia, Jane Heyworth, Chris Reynolds, Alison Jones

Alison L Jones

Environmental lead exposure in Port Pire, South Australia and Esperance, Western Australia led to differing perceptions of risk among these communities. This paper describes our observations of the social and economic context of these cases of environmental lead exposure and how this influenced responses among the community. Lead had been transported out of the Esperance Port since 2005. However, much of the community was unaware of this until it became public as part of the investigation into bird deaths in the local environment. Esperance saw itself as an idyllic rural community, with a sound economic basis, but removed from the …


Responses To Pandemic (H1n1) 2009, Australia, Keith Eastwood, David N. Durrheim, Michelle Butler, Alison L. Jones Sep 2012

Responses To Pandemic (H1n1) 2009, Australia, Keith Eastwood, David N. Durrheim, Michelle Butler, Alison L. Jones

Alison L Jones

In 2007, adults in Australia were interviewed about their willingness to comply with potential health interventions during a hypothetical influenza outbreak. After the first wave of pandemic (H1 N1) 2009 in Australia, many of the same respondents were interviewed about behavior and protection measures they actually adopted. Of the original 1,155 respondents, follow-up interviews were conducted for 830 (71.9%), Overall, 20.4% of respondents in 2009 had recently experienced influenza-like illness, 77.7% perceived pandemic (H1 N1) 2009 to be mild, and 77.8% reported low anxiety. Only 14.5% could correctly answer 4 questions about influenza virus transmission, symptoms, and infection control. Some …


Competency Assessment Using A Standardised Tool Across Nursing Programmes In Australia, Roy A. Brown, Patrick A. Crookes Aug 2012

Competency Assessment Using A Standardised Tool Across Nursing Programmes In Australia, Roy A. Brown, Patrick A. Crookes

Professor Patrick Crookes

No abstract provided.


Food And Nutrition Security In The Australia-New Zealand Region: Impact Of Climate Change, Linda C. Tapsell, Yasmine Probst, Mark Lawrence, Sharon Friel, Victoria M. Flood, Anne Therese Mcmahon, Rosalind Butler Jul 2012

Food And Nutrition Security In The Australia-New Zealand Region: Impact Of Climate Change, Linda C. Tapsell, Yasmine Probst, Mark Lawrence, Sharon Friel, Victoria M. Flood, Anne Therese Mcmahon, Rosalind Butler

L. C. Tapsell

No abstract provided.


Toddler Milk Advertising In Australia: Infant Formula Advertising In Disguise?, Nina Berry, Sandra Jones, Donald Iverson Jun 2012

Toddler Milk Advertising In Australia: Infant Formula Advertising In Disguise?, Nina Berry, Sandra Jones, Donald Iverson

Don C. Iverson

The Marketing in Australia of Infant Formula: Manufacturers' and Importers' Agreement prevents manufacturers and importers from advertising infant formula. However, toddler milks, which share brand identities with infant formula, are advertised freely; and recent research suggests consumers fail to distinguish between advertising for infant formula and for toddler milk. This study examined whether Australian parents recalled having seen advertisements for 'formula'. Most respondents (66.8%) reported seeing an advertisement for infant formula, with those who had only seen non-retail advertising more than twice as likely to believe that they had seen such an advertisement as those who had only seen retail …


Defining Research Priorities For Pancreatic Cancer In Australia: Results Of A Consensus Development Process, Monica Robotin, Sandra Jones, Andrew Biankin, Louise Waters, Donald Iverson, Helen Gooden, Bruce Barraclough, Andrew Penman Jun 2012

Defining Research Priorities For Pancreatic Cancer In Australia: Results Of A Consensus Development Process, Monica Robotin, Sandra Jones, Andrew Biankin, Louise Waters, Donald Iverson, Helen Gooden, Bruce Barraclough, Andrew Penman

Don C. Iverson

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer death in Australia and the fourth in the United States, yet research in PC is lagging behind that in other cancers associated with a high disease burden. In the absence of agreed processes to reliably identify research areas which can deliver significant advances in PC research, the Cancer Council NSW established a strategic partnership with the NSW Pancreatic Cancer Network to define critical research issues and opportunities that could accelerate progress in this field in Australia. Materials and methods: The process consisted of five distinct stages: a literature review …


Toddler Milk Advertising In Australia: The Infant Formula Ads We Have When We Don’T Have Infant Formula Ads, Nina J. Berry, Sandra Jones, Donald Iverson Jun 2012

Toddler Milk Advertising In Australia: The Infant Formula Ads We Have When We Don’T Have Infant Formula Ads, Nina J. Berry, Sandra Jones, Donald Iverson

Don C. Iverson

The Marketing in Australia of Infant Formula: Manufacturers’ and Importers’ Agreement (MAIF) prevents manufacturers and importers from advertising infant formula. However, toddler milks, which share brand identities with infant formula, are advertised freely; and recent research suggests consumers fail to distinguish between advertising for infant formula and for toddler milk. This study examined whether Australian parents recalled having seen advertisements for ‘formula’. Most respondents (66.8%) reported seeing an advertisement for infant formula, with those who had only seen non-retail advertising more than twice as likely to believe that they had seen such an advertisement as those who had only seen …


Modus Vivendi Of E-Business, Joze Kuzic, Julie Fisher, Angela Scollary, Linda Dawson, Milan Kuzic, Rod Turner Mar 2012

Modus Vivendi Of E-Business, Joze Kuzic, Julie Fisher, Angela Scollary, Linda Dawson, Milan Kuzic, Rod Turner

Associate Professor Linda Dawson

This paper reports on an investigation into relationships between challenges and success factors in e-business, from the perspective of the acknowledged benefits achieved by large organizations operating within the Australian context. To enable organisations to achieve benefits from e-business, it is imperative for companies to recognise challenges before them as well as to identify critical success factors necessary for their success. The outcome of the research reported in this paper is a key set of critical success factors, challenges and benefits that can be used as a modus vivendi to overcome problems by applying appropriate solutions in order to achieve …