Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Impact Of Vital Signs Screening & Clinician Prompting On Alcohol And Tobacco Screening And Intervention Rates: A Pre-Post Intervention Comparison, J. Paul Seale, Sylvia Shellenberger, Mary M. Velasquez, John M. Boltri, Ike S. Okosun Ms, Mph, Phd, Frsph, Monique Guyinn, Dan Vinson, Monica Cornelius, J. Aaron Johnson

Public Health Faculty Publications

Background: Though screening and intervention for alcohol and tobacco misuse are effective, primary care screening and intervention rates remain low. Previous studies have increased intervention rates using vital signs screening for tobacco misuse and clinician prompts for screen-positive patients for both alcohol and tobacco misuse. This pilot study’s aims were: (1) To determine the feasibility of combined vital signs screening for tobacco and alcohol misuse, (2) To assess the impact of vital signs screening on alcohol and tobacco screening and intervention rates, and (3) To assess the additional impact of tobacco assessment prompts on intervention rates.

Methods: In …

An Examination Of The Relationship Between Levels Of Drinking Water Quality Indicators And The Occurrence Of Self-Reported Diarrheal Disease: A Five-Month Prospective Cohort Study In The Dominican Republic, 2005-2006., Shannon M. Kraft, Christine E. Stauber, Gloria M. Ortiz, Mark Sobsey

Public Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

An Examination Of Household Drinking Water Storage And Management Practices In Bonao, Dominican Republic From September 2005-January 2006., Kathryn Holt, Christine E. Stauber, Gloria M. Ortiz, Mark Sobsey

Public Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Improving Household Drinking Water Quality: Use Of Biosand Filter In Cambodia, Kaida Liang, Mark Sobsey, Christine E. Stauber

Public Health Faculty Publications

The BSF is a robust water treatment technology for use in rural Cambodian households, capable of effective removal of bacteria, and significant reduction of diarrheal disease. BSF performance is comparable to other recommended household water treatment interventions.

Simulación Del Nivel De Eliminación De Sarampión Y Rubéola Según La Estratificación E Interacción Social (Simulating Measles And Rubella Elimination Levels According To Social Stratification And Interaction), Doracelly Hincapié-Palacio, Juan Ospina-Giraldo, Rubén D. Gómez-Arias, Anthony Uyi-Afuwape, Gerardo Chowell

Public Health Faculty Publications

Objetivo: Comparar el nivel de eliminación de enfermedades como sarampión y rubéola en población homogénea y heterogénea según la existencia de estratos sociales con interacción entre individuos de estrato social alto y bajo y diversidad en el número promedio de contactos entre ellos.

Métodos: Simulaciones del ritmo reproductivo efectivo, derivado de un modelo matemático tipo SIR (Susceptibles Infectados Recuperados), según diferentes ritmos de inmunidad. Se utilizaron datos de incidencia de sarampión (1980 y 2005) y rubéola (1998 y 2005) de América Latina y el Caribe. Se analizó la interacción entre individuos del estrato social alto y bajo con diferente número …

Age-Adjusted Us Cancer Death Rate Predictions, Matt Hayat, Ram C. Tiwari, Kaushik Ghosh, Mark Hachey, Ben Hankey, Rocky Feuer

Public Health Faculty Publications

The likelihood of developing cancer during one's lifetime is
approximately one in two for men and one in three for women in the
United States. Cancer is the second-leading cause of death and
accounts for one in every four deaths. Evidence-based policy
planning and decision making by cancer researchers and public health
administrators are best accomplished with up-to-date age-adjusted
site-specific cancer death rates. Because of the 3-year lag in
reporting, forecasting methodology is employed here to estimate the
current year's rates based on complete observed death data up
through three years prior to the current year. The authors expand
the …

Perspectives Emerging From Neuroscience On Why People Become Addicted And What To Do About It, Jill Littrell

SW Publications

This paper reviews the new ideas emerging from neuroscience regarding the question of why some people are compelled to use drugs. During the process of drug exposure, the brain’s motivational system is changed in ways that co-opts the individual’s motivational system. Changes in the brain’s motivational structures along with changes in the brain’s self-regulatory structures compel an individual to drug use. Ways to reverse those changes in an addicted brain have been identified, as have ways to enhance self-regulatory control. The information from neuroscience offers a new perspective on “loss of control” as well as offering implications for treatment.

Methods Of Competing Risks Analysis Of End-Stage Renal Disease And Mortality Among People With Diabetes, Hyun J. Lim, Xu Zhang, Roland Dyck, Nathaniel Osgood

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Background: When a patient experiences an event other than the one of interest in the study, usually the probability of experiencing the event of interest is altered. By contrast, disease-free survival time analysis by standard methods, such as the Kaplan-Meier method and the standard Cox model, does not distinguish different causes in the presence of competing risks. Alternative approaches use the cumulative incidence estimator by the Cox models on cause-specific and on subdistribution hazards models. We applied cause-specific and subdistribution hazards models to a diabetes dataset with two competing risks (end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death without ESRD) to measure …

From Admission To Graduation: The Impact Of Gender On Student Academic Success In Respiratory Therapy Education, Arzu Ari, Orcin Telli Atalay, Essam Ali Aljamhan

Respiratory Therapy Faculty Publications

Despite research in other allied health professions and medicine, the influence of gender on student performance in respiratory therapy (RT) academic programs and on the National Board for Respiratory Care (NBRC) examinations is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the impact of gender on student academic performance from admission to graduation and to determine whether gender differences affected student success on the NBRC examinations. This study consisted of a retrospective analysis of 91 female and 22 male graduates at a southeastern U.S. university between 2003 and 2007. The variables of academic success included the students' entering …