Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Acute Dehydration Impairs Endurance Without Modulating Neuromuscular Function, Oliver R. Barley, Dale W. Chapman, Anthony J. Blazevich, Chris R. Abbiss

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Introduction/Purpose: This study examined the influence of acute dehydration on neuromuscular function.

Methods: On separate days, combat sports athletes experienced in acute dehydration practices (n = 14) completed a 3 h passive heating intervention (40∘C, 63% relative humidity) to induce dehydration (DHY) or a thermoneutral euhydration control (25∘C, 50% relative humidity: CON). In the ensuing 3 h ad libitum fluid and food intake was allowed, after which participants performed fatiguing exercise consisting of repeated unilateral knee extensions at 85% of their maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque until task failure. Both before and after the fatiguing protocol participants performed …

Overview Of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Health Status, 2017, Neil Drew, Anomie, Jane Burns, Samantha Burrow, Michelle Elwell, Jesse John Fleay, Caitlin Gray, Millie Harford-Mills, Joanne Hoareau, Andrea Macrae, Christine Potter, Miranda Poynton, Kathy Ride, Avinna Trzesinski

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The Overview of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health status (Overview) aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the most recent indicators of the health and current health status of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The initial sections of the Overview provide information about the context of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health, population, and various measures of population health status. The remaining sections are about selected health conditions and risk and protective factors that contribute to the overall health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. These sections comprise an introduction and evidence of the extent of …

Increased Risk For Obesity And Diabetes With Neurodegeneration In Developing Countries, I. J. Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The incidence of global obesity and Type 2 diabetes has increased and is predicted to rise to 30% of the global population. Diet and lifestyle factors are incapable to resolve the increased incidence for obesity and diabetes in various populations of the world. Developing countries have come to the forefront because of the higher diabetic epidemic. The urbanization may possibly provide an explanation for the global diabetic epidemic. In Western countries the metabolic syndrome and non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have reached 30 % of the population and now at present NAFLD afflicts 20% of developing populations. Western diets …

Insulin Therapy And Autoimmune Disease With Relevance To Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Ian James Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The diabetes epidemic is now expected by the year 2050 to become a global pandemic with approx. 592 million affected in both the developed and developing world. The treatment of diabetes by insulin therapy has been the focus for many diabetics with the improvement and prevention of various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and neurodegeneration. The global nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) epidemic has now become of major concern to diabetes with critical interest in insulin therapy to reverse and stabilize autoimmune disease with relevance to NAFLD and the diabetes pandemic. Dietary components that activate anti-aging genes improve …

A Polygenic Risk Score Derived From Episodic Memory Weighted Genetic Variants Is Associated With Cognitive Decline In Preclinical Alzheimer’S Disease, Tenielle Porter, Samantha C. Burnham, Greg Savage, Yen Ying Lim, Paul Maruff, Lidija Milicic, Madeline Peretti, David Ames, Colin L. Masters, Ralph N. Martins, Stephanie Rainey-Smith, Christopher C. Rowe, Olivier Salvado, Kevin Taddei, David Groth, Guiseppe Verdile, Victor L. Villemagne, Simon M. Laws

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Studies of Alzheimer’s disease risk-weighted polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for cognitive performance have reported inconsistent associations. This inconsistency is particularly evident when PRSs are assessed independent of APOE genotype. As such, the development and assessment of phenotype-specific weightings to derive PRSs for cognitive decline in preclinical AD is warranted. To this end a episodic memory-weighted PRS (emPRS) was derived and assessed against decline in cognitive performance in 226 healthy cognitively normal older adults with high brain Aβ-amyloid burden participants from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study. The effect size for decline in a verbal episodic memory …

Inactivation Of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress And The Prevention Of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ian James Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Biotherapeutics and nutritional therapy are essential for the treatment of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress and nutrient excess may induce ER stress associated with activation of the unfolded protein response and connected to cell death. The heat shock gene Sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1) is important to the heat shock response with amyloid beta aggregation associated with the induction of mitophagy and ER stress in neuron cells. Genomic medicine that activates nuclear Sirt 1 is essential for the prevention of mitochondrial apoptosis and ER stress. Inhibitors such as drugs, alcohol, excess caffeine and palmitic acid …

The Relationship Between Internal Training Load Variables During A Taper And Elite Weightlifting Success, Joseph O. C. Coyne, Greg Haff, A. J. Coutts, Robert U. Newton, Sophia Nimphius

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

No abstract provided.

The Potential Synergistic Behaviour Of Inter- And Intra-Genus Probiotic Combinations In The Pattern And Rate Of Short Chain Fatty Acids Formation During Fibre Fermentation, Warnakulasuriya M. A. D. B. Fernando, Steve H. Flint, K. K. D. S. Ranaweera, Arthur Bamunuarachchi, Stuart K. Johnson, Charles S. Brennan

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This study compared the rate of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production by different probiotic combinations of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium to determine any synergistic effects. Six different fibre fractions were fermented with nine combinations of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA), Bifidobacterium longum (BL) and Bifidobacterium breve (BB) for 0, 6, 24 and 48 h. SCFAs were quantified by gas chromatography. Inter-genus combinations of bacteria produced more SCFA, especially BB + BL + LR, compared to intra-genus that yielded the lowest SCFA production. Acetate was the most abundant, while propionate and butyrate were the most utilised. The SCFA formation was …

Beyond Factor Analysis: Multidimensionality And The Parkinson’S Disease Sleep Scale-Revised, Maria E. Pushpanathan, Andrea M. Loftus, Natalie Gasson, Meghan G. Thomas, Caitlin F. Timms, Michelle Olaithe, Romola S. Bucks

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Many studies have sought to describe the relationship between sleep disturbance and cognition in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) and its variants (the Parkinson’s disease Sleep Scale-Revised; PDSS-R, and the Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale-2; PDSS-2) quantify a range of symptoms impacting sleep in only 15 items. However, data from these scales may be problematic as included items have considerable conceptual breadth, and there may be overlap in the constructs assessed. Multidimensional measurement models, accounting for the tendency for items to measure multiple constructs, may be useful more accurately to model variance than traditional confirmatory factor analysis. …

Flavonoid-Rich Apple Improves Endothelial Function In Individuals At Risk For Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial, Nicola P. Bondonno, Catherine P. Bondonno, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Michael J. Considine, Ghassan Maghzal, Roland Stocker, Richard J. Woodman, Natalie C. Ward, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Kevin D. Croft

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Scope

The cardioprotective effects of apples are primarily attributed to flavonoids, found predominantly in the skin. This study aimed to determine if acute and/or chronic (4 weeks) ingestion of flavonoid-rich apples improves endothelial function, blood pressure (BP), and arterial stiffness in individuals at risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Methods and results

In this randomized, controlled cross-over trial, acute and 4 week intake of apple with skin (high flavonoid apple, HFA) is compared to intake of apple flesh only (low flavonoid apple, LFA) in 30 participants. The primary outcome is endothelial function assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, …

Unravelling Immunoglobulin G Fc N-Glycosylation: A Dynamic Marker Potentiating Predictive, Preventive And Personalised Medicine, Alyce Russell, Eric Adua, Ivo Ugrina, Simon Laws, Wei Wang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Multiple factors influence immunoglobulin G glycosylation, which in turn affect the glycoproteins’ function on eliciting an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory response. It is prudent to underscore these processes when considering the use of immunoglobulin G N-glycan moieties as an indication of disease presence, progress, or response to therapeutics. It has been demonstrated that the altered expression of genes that encode enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of immunoglobulin G N-glycans, receptors, or complement factors may significantly modify immunoglobulin G effector response, which is important for regulating the immune system. The immunoglobulin G N-glycome is highly heterogenous; however, it is …

Interpreting Signal Amplitudes In Surface Electromyography Studies In Sport And Rehabilitation Sciences, Andrew D. Vigotsky, Israel Halperin, Gregory J. Lehman, Gabriel S. Trajano, Taian M. Vieira

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a popular research tool in sport and rehabilitation sciences. Common study designs include the comparison of sEMG amplitudes collected from different muscles as participants perform various exercises and techniques under different loads. Based on such comparisons, researchers attempt to draw conclusions concerning the neuro- and electrophysiological underpinning of force production and hypothesize about possible longitudinal adaptations, such as strength and hypertrophy. However, such conclusions are frequently unsubstantiated and unwarranted. Hence, the goal of this review is to discuss what can and cannot be inferred from comparative research designs as it pertains to both the acute and …

Barriers To Promoting Mobility In Hospitalized Older Adults, Gordana Dermody, Christine R. Kovach

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Hospitalized older adults who do not receive sufficient mobility are more likely to sustain negative health outcomes, including higher rates of mortality and institutionalization. Accordingly, the purpose of the current secondary data analysis was to examine the nurse-promoted mobility of hospitalized older adults and the association between nurses’ barriers and nurse-promoted mobility. In addition, the relationship among patient severity of illness, proxy levels for function, and nurse-promoted mobility was examined. The final study sample included 61 nurses working in medical units caring for a total of 77 older adults. Findings suggest nurse knowledge gaps and attitude barriers could potentially influence …

Kibra Is Associated With Accelerated Cognitive Decline And Hippocampal Atrophy In Apoe Ε4-Positive Cognitively Normal Adults With High Aβ-Amyloid Burden, Tenielle Porter, Samantha Burnham, Vincent Doré, Greg Savage, Pierrick Bourgeat, Kimberly Begemann, Lidija Milicic, David Ames, Ashley Bush, Paul Maruff, Colin Masters, Christopher Rowe, Stephanie Rainey-Smith, Ralph Martins, David Groth, Guiseppe Verdile, Victor Villemagne, Simon Laws

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

A single nucleotide polymorphism, rs17070145, in the KIdney and BRAin expressed protein (KIBRA) gene has been associated with cognition and hippocampal volume in cognitively normal (CN) individuals. However, the impact of rs17070145 on longitudinal cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy in CN adults at greatest risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease is unknown. We investigated the impact rs17070145 has on the rate of cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy over six years in 602 CN adults, with known brain Aβ-amyloid levels and whether there is an interactive effect with APOE genotype. We reveal that whilst limited independent effects of KIBRA genotype …

Change In Knee Flexor Torque After Fatiguing Exercise Identifies Previous Hamstring Injury In Football Players, Cameron Lord, Fadi Ma'ayah, Anthony J. Blazevich

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Muscular fatigue and interlimb strength asymmetry are factors known to influence hamstring injury risk; however, limb‐specific exacerbation of knee flexor (hamstrings) torque production after fatiguing exercise has previously been ignored. To investigate changes in muscular force production before and after sport‐specific (repeated‐sprint) and non‐specific (knee extension‐flexion) fatiguing exercise, and explore the sensitivity and specificity of isokinetic endurance (ie, muscle‐specific) and single‐leg vertical jump (ie, whole limb) tests to identify previous hamstring injury. Twenty Western Australia State League footballers with previous unilateral hamstring injury and 20 players without participated. Peak concentric knee extensor and flexor (180°∙s⁻¹) torques were …

Enhanced Skeletal Muscle Ribosome Biogenesis, Yet Attenuated Mtorc1 And Ribosome Biogenesis-Related Signalling, Following Short-Term Concurrent Versus Single-Mode Resistance Training, Jackson J. Fyfe, David J. Bishop, Jonathan D. Bartlett, Erik D. Hanson, Mitchell J. Anderson, Andrew P. Garnham, Nigel K. Stepto

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Combining endurance training with resistance training (RT) may attenuate skeletal muscle hypertrophic adaptation versus RT alone; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated changes in markers of ribosome biogenesis, a process linked with skeletal muscle hypertrophy, following concurrent training versus RT alone. Twenty-three males underwent eight weeks of RT, either performed alone (RT group, n = 8), or combined with either high-intensity interval training (HIT+RT group, n = 8), or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT+RT group, n = 7). Muscle samples (vastus lateralis) were obtained before training, and immediately before, 1 h and 3 h after the final training session. …

Image Analysis Of Periapical Radiograph For Bone Mineral Density Prediction, Rini Widyaningrum, Sri Lestari, Ferry Jie

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease. Parameter from any bone site in the body has possibility to be developed as a predictor of osteoporosis. The alteration in the mandible trabecular bone is visible in periapical radiographs. The aim of this study was to correlate the area parameter and the integrated density of periapical radiograph with bone mineral density. Image analysis of periapical radiograph i.e. measurement of area parameter and integrated density was done on Region of Interest (ROI) by using canny edge detection method. Result of this study showed that the area parameter has asignificant (α < 0.05) negative correlation with the bone mass density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (r = -0.371) and T-score of the lumbar spine (r = -0.383). The linear regression test showed that the area parameter only can be used to predict T-score of the lumbar spine (F=5.822, α < 0.05). The integrated density showed a significant (α < 0.05) negative correlation with T-score of hip (r = -0.332) and T-score of lumbar spine (r = -0.377). It can be concluded that the area parameter can be used as one of input parameters for computer-aided system of osteoporosis early detection by using periapical radiograph.

What Drives Food Insecurity In Western Australia? How The Perceptions Of People At Risk Differ To Those Of Stakeholders, Lucy M. Butcher, Maria M. Ryan, Therese A. O'Sullivan, Johnny Lo, Amanda Devine

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Food insecurity is considered a “wicked” problem due to the highly complex and at times undefined casual factors. Although many stakeholders are working to address the problem, a possible divergence exists between their views on food insecurity and those of the people who are actually experiencing the problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was a difference between the opinions of those “at risk” and stakeholders. A total of seven focus groups (two stakeholder groups n = 10, five “at-risk” groups n = 34) and three interviews (stakeholders n = 3) were conducted to ascertain perceptions. …

Efficient Production Of A Mature And Functional Gamma Secretase Protease, Imran Khan, Sudarsan Krishnaswamy, Miheer Sabale, David M. Groth, Linda Wijaya, Michael Morici, Imre Berger, Christiane Schaffitzel, Paul E. Fraser, Ralph N. Martins, Giuseppe Verdile

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Baculoviral protein expression in insect cells has been previously used to generate large quantities of a protein of interest for subsequent use in biochemical and structural analyses. The MultiBac baculovirus protein expression system has enabled, the use of a single baculovirus to reconstitute a protein complex of interest, resulting in a larger protein yield. Using this system, we aimed to reconstruct the gamma (γ)-secretase complex, a multiprotein enzyme complex essential for the production of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein. A MultiBac vector containing all components of the γ-secretase complex was generated and expression was observed for all components. The complex was active …

Feasibility And Preliminary Efficacy Of A 10-Week Resistance And Aerobic Exercise Intervention During Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Treatment In Rectal Cancer Patients, Favil Singh, Daniel A. Galvão, Robert Newton, Nigel A. Spry, Michael K. Baker, Dennis Taaffe

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background:

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation treatment (CRT) in rectal cancer patients is associated with a reduction in physical capacity, lean mass and increased fatigue. As a countermeasure to these treatment-related adverse effects, we examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a 10-week exercise program during CRT.

Methods:

Ten rectal cancer patients (7 men, aged 27-70 years, body mass index = 26.4 ± 3.8 kg/m2) receiving CRT undertook supervised resistance and aerobic exercise twice weekly. Assessments were undertaken pre- and post-intervention for upper and lower body muscle strength by 1-RM, muscle endurance, physical performance tests, body composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry, quality of …

Changes In Knowledge And Attitudes Of Hospital Environmental Services Staff: The Researching Effective Approaches To Cleaning In Hospitals (Reach) Study, Brett Mitchell, Nicole White, Alison Farrington, Michelle Allen, Katie Page, Anne Gardner, Kate Halton, Thomas Riley, Christian Gericke, David Paterson, Nicholas Graves, Lisa Hall

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

The Researching Effective Approaches to Cleaning in Hospitals (REACH) study tested a multimodal cleaning intervention in Australian hospitals. This article reports findings from a pre/post questionnaire, embedded into the REACH study, that was administered prior to the implementation of the intervention and at the conclusion of the study.

Methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire, nested within a stepped-wedge trial, was administered. The REACH intervention was a cleaning bundle comprising 5 interdependent components. The questionnaire explored the knowledge, reported practice, attitudes, roles, and perceived organizational support of environmental services staff members in the hospitals participating in the REACH study.

Results

Environmental services …

Seed Coats Of Pulses As A Food Ingredient: Characterization, Processing, And Applications, Liezhou Zhong, Zhongxiang Fang, Mark L. Wahlqvist, Gangcheng Wu, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Stuart K. Johnson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background In recognition of their multiple benefits on environment, food security, and human health, pulses are attracting worldwide attention. The seed coat is a major by-product of pulse processing, and its only markets are as low value ruminant feed and very limited use in high fibre foods. Recently, accumulating studies have suggested that this underutilised by-product has greater potential as a novel natural “nutritious dietary fibre” which can be used as a functional food ingredient.

Scope and approach This review discusses biochemical and physicochemical functionalities of seed coats of six globally important pulses: chickpea, field pea, faba/broad bean, lentil and …

Vegetable Diversity, Injurious Falls, And Fracture Risk In Older Women: A Prospective Cohort Study, Marc Sim, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Joshua Lewis, Catherine P. Bondonno, Amanda Devine, Kun Zhu, Richard J. Woodman, Richard L. Price, Jonathan M. Hodgson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The importance of vegetable diversity for the risk of falling and fractures is unclear. Our objective was to examine the relationship between vegetable diversity with injurious falling and fractures leading to hospitalization in a prospective cohort of older Australian women (n = 1429, ≥70 years). Vegetable diversity was quantified by assessing the number of different vegetables consumed daily. Vegetable intake (75 g servings/day) was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1998). Over 14.5 years, injurious falls (events = 568, 39.7%), and fractures (events = 404, 28.3%) were captured using linked health records. In multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models, …

Whole Body Vibration Exposure On Markers Of Bone Turnover, Body Composition, And Physical Functioning In Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Michael K. Baker, Carolyn J. Mcintyre, Daniel A. Galvão, Catherine Hunt, Nigel Spry, Robert Newton

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Introduction: Women with breast cancer are often prescribed aromatase inhibitors, which can cause rapid loss of bone mass leading to significant potential for morbidity. Vibration training has been shown to be helpful in reducing bone turnover in postmenopausal women without cancer.

Aim: To examine the effect of vibration stimulus on markers of bone turnover in breast cancer patients receiving aromatase inhibitors.

Methods: Thirty-one breast cancer survivors undergoing treatment with aromatase inhibitors were randomized to vibration stimulus (n = 14) or usual care control (n = 17). Low-frequency and low-magnitude vibration stimulus (27-32 Hz, 0.3g) was delivered in supervised …

Weight Loss Strategies In Combat Sports And Concerning Habits In Mixed Martial Arts, Oliver R. Barley, Dale W. Chapman, Chris Abbiss

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Context:

Combat sports are typically divided into weight classes, and body-mass manipulation to reach a weight class is commonplace. Previous research suggests that weight loss practices in mixed martial arts (MMA) may be more extreme than in other combat sports.

Purpose:

To investigate the magnitude of weight loss and the prevalence of weight loss strategies in different combat sports.

Methods:

Competitors (N = 637) from Brazilian jiu-jitsu, boxing, judo, MMA, Muay Thai/kickboxing, taekwondo, and wrestling completed an online questionnaire seeking information regarding their weight loss practices.

Results:

Body-mass manipulation was commonly undertaken by all combat-sport athletes, …

Geographic Disparities In Previously Diagnosed Health Conditions In Colorectal Cancer Patients Are Largely Explained By Age And Area Level Disadvantage, Belinda C Goodwin, Sonja March, Michael J Ireland, Fiona Crawford-Williams, Shu-Kay Ng, Peter D Baade, Suzanne K. Chambers, Joanne F Aitken, Jeff Dunn

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Geographical disparity in colorectal cancer (CRC) survival rates may be partly due to aging populations and disadvantage in more remote locations; factors that also impact the incidence and outcomes of other chronic health conditions. The current study investigates whether geographic disparity exists amongst previously diagnosed health conditions in CRC patients above and beyond age and area-level disadvantage and whether this disparity is linked to geographic disparity in CRC survival.

Methods: Data regarding previously diagnosed health conditions were collected via computer-assisted telephone interviews with a cross-sectional sample of n = 1,966 Australian CRC patients between 2003 and 2004. Ten-year survival …

The Changes Of Immunoglobulin G N-Glycosylation In Blood Lipids And Dyslipidaemia, Di Liu, Xi Chu, Hao Wang, Jing Dong, Si-Qi Ge, Zhong-Yao Zhao, Hong-Li Peng, Ming Sun, Li-Juan Wu, Man-Shu Song, Xiu-Hua Guo, Qun Meng, You-Xin Wang, Gordan Lauc, Wei Wang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

Alternative N-glycosylation has significant structural and functional consequences on immunoglobulin G (IgG) and can affect immune responses, acting as a switch between pro- and anti-inflammatory IgG functionality. Studies have demonstrated that IgG N-glycosylation is associated with ageing, body mass index, type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Methods

Herein, we have demonstrated patterns of IgG glycosylation that are associated with blood lipids in a cross-sectional study including 598 Han Chinese aged 20–68 years. The IgG glycome composition was analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography.

Results

Blood lipids were positively correlated with glycan peak GP6, whereas they were negatively correlated with …

Predictors Of Noncompliance To Antihypertensive Therapy Among Hypertensive Patients Ghana: Application Of Health Belief Model, Yaa Obirikorang, Christian Obirikorang, Emmanuel Acheampong, Enoch Odame Anto, Daniel Gyamfi, Selorm Philip Segbefia, Michael Opoku Boateng, Dari Pascal Dapilla, Peter Kojo Brenya, Bright Amankwaa, Evans Asamoah Adu, Emmanuel Nsenbah Batu, Adjei Gyimah Akwasi, Beatrice Amoah

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This study determined noncompliance to antihypertensive therapy (AHT) and its associated factors in a Ghanaian population by using the health belief model (HBM). This descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Kintampo Municipality in Ghana recruited a total of 678 hypertensive patients. The questionnaire constituted information regarding sociodemographics, a five-Likert type HBM questionnaire, and lifestyle-related factors. The rate of noncompliance to AHT in this study was 58.6%. The mean age (SD) of the participants was 43.5 (±5.2) years and median duration of hypertension was 2 years. Overall, the five HBM constructs explained 31.7% of the variance in noncompliance to AHT with a …

Socio-Economic Predictors And Distribution Of Tuberculosis Incidence In Beijing, China: A Studyusing A Combination Of Spatial Statistics And Gis Technology, Gehendra Mahara, Kun Yang, Sipeng Chen, Wei Wang, Xiuhua Guo

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Evidence shows that multiple factors, such as socio-economic status and access to health care facilities, affect tuberculosis (TB) incidence. However, there is limited literature available with respect to the correlation between socio-economic/health facility factors and tuberculosis incidence. This study aimed to explore the relationship between TB incidence and socio-economic/health service predictors in the study settings. A retrospective spatial regression analysis was carried out based on new sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB cases in Beijing districts. Global Moran’s I analysis was adopted to detect the spatial dependency followed by spatial regression models (spatial lag model, and spatial error model) along with the …

Hepatic Iron Concentration Correlates With Insulin Sensitivity In Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Laurence Britton, Kim Bridle, Janske Reiling, Nishreen Santrampurwala, Leesa Wockner, Helena Ching, Katherine Stuart, V. Nathan Subramaniam, Gary Jeffrey, Tim St. Pierre, Michael House, Joel Gummer, Robert Trengove, John K. Olynyk, Darrell Crawford, Leon Adams

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Rodent and cell‐culture models support a role for iron‐related adipokine dysregulation and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, substantial human data are lacking. We examined the relationship between measures of iron status, adipokines, and insulin resistance in patients with NAFLD in the presence and absence of venesection. This study forms part of the Impact of Iron on Insulin Resistance and Liver Histology in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (IIRON2) study, a prospective randomized controlled trial of venesection for adults with NAFLD. Paired serum samples at baseline and 6 months (end of treatment) in controls (n = 28) …