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Articles 1 - 30 of 318
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
A Process Evaluation Plan For The Nebraska Fetal Infant Mortality Review (Fimr) Program, Mamello Makhele
A Process Evaluation Plan For The Nebraska Fetal Infant Mortality Review (Fimr) Program, Mamello Makhele
Capstone Experience
The United States (U.S.) has made substantial progress in reducing fetal and infant mortality, but high rates of infant mortality persist, particularly within minority populations. In Douglas County, Nebraska, racial disparities in infant mortality rates remain a significant issue. In 2019, the infant mortality rate among African American mothers was 14.2 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, compared to 5.7 infant deaths per 1,000 live births among Caucasian mothers.
To reduce fetal and infant mortality in the U.S., the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention along with the Human Resources and Services Administration, fund the Fetal and Infant Mortality Review …
Ensuring Safe Mri Examinations And Earlier Detection Of Recurrent Cancer: A Scoping Review To Identify Breast Tissue Expanders That Are Safe For High-Risk Breast Cancer Survivors, Kristin E. Westmore
Ensuring Safe Mri Examinations And Earlier Detection Of Recurrent Cancer: A Scoping Review To Identify Breast Tissue Expanders That Are Safe For High-Risk Breast Cancer Survivors, Kristin E. Westmore
Capstone Experience
Purpose
This capstone project aims to conduct a scoping review to identify breast tissue expanders that are safe for high-risk breast cancer survivors, ensuring safe magnetic resonance (MR) examinations. The goal is safe MR examinations for early detection of recurrent cancer, post-operative evaluation, monitoring, and reducing preventable morbidity and mortality.
Background
The MR safety of manufacturers' tissue expanders is defined according to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines and regulations as MR Conditional or MR Unsafe. Before 2023, there was a safety concern about using tissue expanders containing a magnetic port during the first stage of breast …
Reducing Greenhouse Gases Through Food Waste Reduction: A Literature Review Of Programs And Behavior Change, Schafer Flowerday
Reducing Greenhouse Gases Through Food Waste Reduction: A Literature Review Of Programs And Behavior Change, Schafer Flowerday
Capstone Experience
Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions significantly contribute to climate change. Methane is a potent GHG emitted in landfills as organic material breaks down. Food waste is the single most common item disposed of in Lincoln’s Bluff Road Landfill (LTU, 2022). As such, food waste disposal in the landfill is a preventable issue that could dramatically reduce GHG emissions in Lincoln. This project seeks to determine what barriers and motivations exist for reducing food waste at a consumer level. A literature review was conducted to find what behavior change campaigns and interventions have taken place nationwide to encourage residential food waste …
Effect Of Insufficient Sleep On Activity Limitation: Results From The Brfss 2022 Survey, Jonathan Meyer
Effect Of Insufficient Sleep On Activity Limitation: Results From The Brfss 2022 Survey, Jonathan Meyer
Capstone Experience
Objective: To determine whether insufficient sleep (less than 7 hours per night) is associated with activity limitation (14 days or more of poor mental or physical health interfering with everyday activities) in Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey data from 2022. Methods: BRFSS is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of non-incarcerated US adults. The exposure of interest was insufficient sleep, and the outcome of interest was activity limitation. Other demographic variables used in a final weighted adjusted analysis include age >65 years, race/ethnicity, gender, marital status, income, and total physical inactivity. Results: The weighted prevalence of insufficient sleep for …
A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Self-Reported Long Covid And Binge Drinking Amongst Covid-Positive Individuals Using The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (Brfss), 2022, Maire Kirley
Capstone Experience
Objective: Identify an association between Long COVID (exposure) and binge drinking (outcome) amongst COVID-positive individuals.
Methods: COVID-positive respondents (n=116,120) were sampled from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Univariate analysis assessed distribution of Long COVID, binge drinking, and covariates sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, income, rural/urban residency, veteran status and BMI. Bivariate analysis determined crude prevalence odds ratios (POR) between exposure, outcome, and covariates. Multivariate logistic regression determined adjusted prevalence odds ratios (aPOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for exposure, outcome and covariates.
Results: No association found between Long COVID and binge drinking (aPOR: 0.94 (95% CI: 0.87, …
Identifying Barriers To Healthcare Access And Utilization Experienced By Lgbtq+ Adults With Chronic Diseases Through The Lens Of The Social Ecological Model, Devin Mottier
Capstone Experience
The purpose of this literature review is to comprehensively examine and synthesize existing research on present barriers to health access and utilization that contribute to the disparities in chronic disease prevalence within the adult LGBTQ+ population. In the context of this review, the social-ecological model (SEM) was used to describe the nuanced and multifaceted nature of healthcare access and utilization. This literature review was based upon the following question: ‘Using the social-ecological model, what are the barriers to health access and utilization that contribute to high rates of chronic disease in LGBTQ+ adults?’ Outcome measures of interest included the following …
Examining The Impact Of Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Colorectal Cancer Screening Compliance In The United States And The Potential Of Targeted Interventions., Jessica Ware
Capstone Experience
Objectives:
Examine Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening compliance among racial and ethnic groups in the United States (US) based on the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations.
Identify targeted interventions to promote screening compliance, early diagnosis, and CRC survivorship.
Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized 165,878 selected participant responses from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We modeled and investigated CRC screening compliance based on the USPSTF recommendations as inclusion criteria between racial/ethnic groups in the US while adjusting for covariates using a weighted stepwise logistic regression.
Results: With covariates adjustment, Hispanics (POR 1.16 95%CI 1.04-1.29), Asian …
Development Of A National Core Indicators Dashboard Of Long-Term Services And Supports Outcomes For Individuals With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities, Rhonda Haitz
Capstone Experience
The National Core Indicators (NCI) surveys are conducted annually across the United States, including Nebraska. Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities and/or their guardians are surveyed to learn more about their experiences and the quality of their services and lives (National Core Indicators- IDD, 2023). However, the data is only useful when understood and applied to make informed decisions to improve the lives of those with intellectual and developmental disabilities (McDonald et al., 2013). This project designed and developed two data dashboards for the state of Nebraska that publicly track, analyze and display the NCI survey results. The In-Person Survey …
Disparities In Seasonal Influenza Immunization Between Hispanic And Non-Hispanic White Populations Within The United States: Findings From The 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Susanna Stageberg
Capstone Experience
Objective: To determine if inequities in influenza immunization exist between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White populations living in the United States.
Methods: Statistical analyses were executed to study the association between ethnicity and influenza immunization. Logistic regression was performed to determine probabilities related to vaccination. Data from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) was utilized.
Results: Hispanic respondents had higher odds of not being vaccinated against the flu when compared to non-Hispanic White respondents (COR = 1.82, 95% CI [1.73, 1.91]). Ethnicity, household income, education, insurance status, age, sex, preferred language, and primary care provider status …
Hiv Testing Among High-Risk Individuals In The Us: 2022 Brfss, Alissa Lorchick
Hiv Testing Among High-Risk Individuals In The Us: 2022 Brfss, Alissa Lorchick
Capstone Experience
Objective
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a global epidemic, and public health efforts are moderately effective to date. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine association between high-risk behavior (intravenous drug use, risky sexual behaviors) and odds of testing for HIV utilizing 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N= 445,132).
Methods
Using SAS 3.82, the age-stratified logistic regression model for exposure (high-risk behavior) and outcome (HIV testing) included covariates gender, race, income, mental health and checkup frequency.
Results
High-risk individuals had greater odds of testing compared to low-risk individuals (crude POR 2.98 [2.81 – 3.17]), with greatest odds observed among …
Heartache Beyond The Physical: Unraveling The Nexus Between Myocardial Infarction History And Depressive Disorders In Us Adults, Sonika Khanal
Heartache Beyond The Physical: Unraveling The Nexus Between Myocardial Infarction History And Depressive Disorders In Us Adults, Sonika Khanal
Capstone Experience
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depressive disorders among US adults and explore the association between a history of Myocardial Infarction (MI) and depressive disorders, considering potential risk factors and demographic variables.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, including 390,429 US adults. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between the history of MI and depressive disorders, adjusting for age, gender, race, smoking status, health insurance, education level, and BMI. Effect modification by age was assessed.
Results: The prevalence of depressive disorders was 21.19%, with 4.46% reporting a …
The Impact Of Household Income On The Development Of Long-Covid After Covid-19 Infection, Clayton Mowrer
The Impact Of Household Income On The Development Of Long-Covid After Covid-19 Infection, Clayton Mowrer
Capstone Experience
Objective
Long-COVID can occur following coronavirus-19 infection and can have debilitating consequences. It is unclear how household income (a social determinant of health) might impact the development of long-COVID. This study aims to characterize and compare the prevalence of long-COVID in persons who have been diagnosed with COVID-19, according to household income.
Methods
Using data from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Questionnaire, 124,313 respondents who reported a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection were analyzed for the development of long-COVID (outcome) and compared across annual household income (exposure). Other demographic and socioeconomic factors were similarly analyzed.
Results
The prevalence of …
Physician Burnout In The United States: A Systematic Review Of Organizational And Systemic Approaches And Their Efficacies, 2014-2024, Nicole Butler
Physician Burnout In The United States: A Systematic Review Of Organizational And Systemic Approaches And Their Efficacies, 2014-2024, Nicole Butler
Capstone Experience
Physician burnout represents a critical public and clinical health concern in the United States. It compromises patient care and physician safety. Approaches to solve the issue are pervasive, with limited indication of effectiveness. Due to the essential job functions of physicians, the practice of medicine is inherently stressful. However, the introduction of new, more complex stressors, including those exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the increase in chronic healthcare conditions have made burnout an unfortunate staple of physician life, with an estimated prevalence of up to 60%. Burnout involves three factors: emotional stress, depersonalization, and reduced job satisfaction. The consequences …
Evaluating The Association Of Influenza Vaccination On Long-Term Covid-19 Symptoms In U.S. Adults, Ratnakar Pingili
Evaluating The Association Of Influenza Vaccination On Long-Term Covid-19 Symptoms In U.S. Adults, Ratnakar Pingili
Capstone Experience
Objective. To evaluate the association of influenza vaccination in the past 12 months with Long COVID effects and clinical and sociodemographic factors.
Methods. Cross-sectional study with data from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), covering 415,132 non-institutionalized U.S. adults with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and influenza vaccination reported within the last 12 months. Logistic regression was conducted between influenza vaccination (exposure) and Long COVID (outcome), controlling for demographic variables, pre-existing health conditions, and socioeconomic status.
Results. Of 120,603 participants, 21.89% reported Long COVID symptoms and 42.04% had received an influenza vaccine. Findings indicate a statistically significant 13% reduction …
Association Between Long Covid-19 And Insurance Status Using The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2022), Elizabeth E. Osbourn
Association Between Long Covid-19 And Insurance Status Using The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2022), Elizabeth E. Osbourn
Capstone Experience
Objective. To determine if insurance status can directly predict self-diagnosed Long COVID and what sociodemographic factors are significantly associated with a self-diagnosis of Long COVID among those who tested positive for COVID-19.
Methods. This cross-sectional study uses data from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to conduct a multivariate logistic regression model analysis. Out of 445,132 participants, 110,402 participants were identified to be used in this study.
Results. After testing positive for COVID-19, 21.7% of individuals were self-diagnosed with Long COVID. After controlling for confounders, insurance status wasn't significant (p-value: 0.8458). However, in crude analysis, individuals with Medicaid (cPOR:1.44; …
A Replication Study-Postoperative Complications In Bariatric Surgery Using Age And Bmi Stratification: A Stusy Using Acs-Nsqip Data (2014), Aruna Sree Posanipalle
A Replication Study-Postoperative Complications In Bariatric Surgery Using Age And Bmi Stratification: A Stusy Using Acs-Nsqip Data (2014), Aruna Sree Posanipalle
Capstone Experience
This study aims to replicate the findings of Sanni et al.'s (2014) research on postoperative complications in bariatric surgery patients. The original research utilized age and BMI stratification and data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) to identify the relationship between these variables and postoperative complications. The findings of the original study revealed significant associations between age, BMI, and postoperative complications. The replication plan aims to confirm these associations and identify the factors that lead to postoperative complications in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The replication study proposes a comprehensive plan consisting of three …
Examining The Relationship Between Deafness And Mental Health Status: An Analysis Of The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (Brfss) 2022, Brianna Stroud-Williams
Examining The Relationship Between Deafness And Mental Health Status: An Analysis Of The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (Brfss) 2022, Brianna Stroud-Williams
Capstone Experience
Objective: The objective of the research is to examine the association between mental health status as measured by number of mentally healthy days in the past month and deafness and binge drinking.
Methods: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) study was conducted via telephone survey in 50 states, including the District of Columbia and US territories. The sample size is 402,156 participants. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate regressions, odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval were used to measure the data.
Results: Deaf respondents have 1.56 times the odds of having poor mental health than those who are not deaf. (95% …
Disabilities And Snap Work Requirements: A Scoping Review, Jacquelyn Platt
Disabilities And Snap Work Requirements: A Scoping Review, Jacquelyn Platt
Capstone Experience
This scoping review aims to assess if the criteria to determine Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) work requirement exemptions provide equal access to individuals with disabilities (IWDs) using a modified PRISMA analysis framework. IWDs applying for SNAP must meet at least one of three requirements to be exempt from work requirements, but these requirements may be disproportionately burdensome for them. SNAP has a long history of expanding food security throughout the U.S., benefiting millions of families. Almost two-thirds of SNAP participants are children, older adults, or IWDs. Children and older adults are exempt from work requirements and IWDs may be …
Association Between Depression And Coronary Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (Brfss), 2022, Juliana Monono
Capstone Experience
Objectives: To examine the association of depression and coronary heart disease in U.S. adults.
Methods: This cross-sectional study uses the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2022 data for non-institutionalized U.S adults aged 18 and older. The exposure variable is depression, the outcome is coronary heart disease (CHD), and covariates are age, race, education, and physical activity. Performed univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses to assess the association between depression and CHD.
Results: The analytical sample size consisted of 427,217 individuals. A total of 88,841(20.7%) of the population reported having coronary heart disease, while 338,376(70.3%) reported having no …
Factors Predictive Of The Development Of Surgical Site Infection In Thyroidectomy, A Replication Study Of Myssiorek (2018), Kaitlyn M. Kenig
Factors Predictive Of The Development Of Surgical Site Infection In Thyroidectomy, A Replication Study Of Myssiorek (2018), Kaitlyn M. Kenig
Capstone Experience
The original study aimed to show that thyroidectomy does not result in surgical site infection (SSI) in most cases, and thus routine prescription of antibiotics is not necessary. The study looked to see what risk factors could predict the incidence of SSI. This would highlight those individuals who were at most risk of developing SSI, and then antibiotics would only be prescribed to these individuals instead of all or most individuals who undergo thyroidectomy.
This study used NSQIP data to look at incidence of SSI and look for risk factors that may be predictive of SSI. Only surgeries that were …
Impact Of Medicaid Redetermination On Underserved Populations In Region 7 States: A Review, Brianna Parr
Impact Of Medicaid Redetermination On Underserved Populations In Region 7 States: A Review, Brianna Parr
Capstone Experience
When the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency ended in May of 2023, Medicaid began the process of redetermination across the states and returned to its original eligibility rules. Because of this, the healthcare status of many Americans was affected, resulting in the loss of healthcare coverage for millions of people. Of those who have lost coverage, children make up almost half of the total. This paper assesses the negative effects of Medicaid redetermination on children and other underserved populations in communities across the four states in Region 7 (Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas) and identifies programs that these states can implement …
How To Evacuate When Disaster Strikes: A Literature Review Of Hospital Evacuations, Grant Orr
How To Evacuate When Disaster Strikes: A Literature Review Of Hospital Evacuations, Grant Orr
Capstone Experience
Hospitals are an essential component of any community’s infrastructure, and due to the nature of their services they are vulnerable when a disaster strikes. If a disaster is severe enough to warrant a hospital evacuation, both hospital and community leaders must decide how to proceed with the resources at their disposal. Organizations such as the World Health Organization, the United Nations, and the United States Department of Health and Human Services offer general guidance, but specifics as to how a hospital should proceed with an evacuation are left to individual hospital leaders and emergency management teams. This capstone project will …
Optimizing Malaria Control In Nigeria: A Comprehensive Review Of Llin Effectiveness And Policy Frameworks, Jash Mehta
Optimizing Malaria Control In Nigeria: A Comprehensive Review Of Llin Effectiveness And Policy Frameworks, Jash Mehta
Capstone Experience
This comprehensive literature review examines the effectiveness of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) and the policy frameworks governing their use in Nigeria, with the goal of optimizing malaria control strategies in the country. The review explores the scientific underpinnings of LLINs, evaluates their effect on malaria incidence, and examines the operational, sociocultural, and economic aspects that affect their use. It also examines Nigeria's policy environment, assessing the creation, application, and efficacy of policies pertaining to LLIN. The summary of research results from several studies emphasizes the importance of LLINs in preventing malaria and the challenges associated with implementing policies in different …
Assessing The Association Between Income And Breast Cancer Screening Practices, Hannah M. Zantow
Assessing The Association Between Income And Breast Cancer Screening Practices, Hannah M. Zantow
Capstone Experience
Objectives
To determine how breast cancer screening practices differ between high- and low-income women aged 40-74. To determine the effects of sociodemographic factors on the relationship between income and breast cancer screening practices.
Methods
This was a cross sectional study. Survey data was obtained from women aged 40-74 who completed the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS). The exposure was income. The outcome was if a woman ever received a mammogram. The final sample size was 171,111 participants. Regression models were used to assess the association between income and screening practices.
Results
There was a significant association between income and …
Examining The Association Between Smoking Frequency And Long Covid: A Brfss Study, Bhavya Patel
Examining The Association Between Smoking Frequency And Long Covid: A Brfss Study, Bhavya Patel
Capstone Experience
Objectives: To examine the relationship between self-reported smoking frequency and the presence of Long COVID among individuals who tested positive for COVID-19.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 44,738 COVID-positive participants from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) dataset. Logistic regression was utilised to compute prevalence odds ratios (pOR) and was adjusted for potential sociodemographic confounders.
Results: Individuals who smoked daily were found to have a greater likelihood of reporting Long COVID in comparison with nonsmokers (Crude pOR=1.22; CI= [1.10-1.35]). However, in the adjusted regression model, daily smoking was no longer significant (Adjusted pOR=1.04; …
Cervical Cancer Screening And Affordability Of Medical Care: A Cross-Sectional Study, Sarah M. Johnson
Cervical Cancer Screening And Affordability Of Medical Care: A Cross-Sectional Study, Sarah M. Johnson
Capstone Experience
Objective: To determine if, among women aged 21-65, there is a positive association between avoiding healthcare due to cost and not being up to date on cervical cancer screening.
Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System dataset. A total of 123,275 women, aged 18-69 without a hysterectomy, were analyzed with bivariate and multivariate analyses. The outcome was length of time since last cervical cancer screening. The exposure was avoiding healthcare in the last 12 months due to cost.
Results: Women who avoided healthcare due to cost had higher odds of not being up to date …
A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Adverse Childhood Experience Exposure On Cancer Diagnosis Utilizing The 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey Data, Emma Zipperer
Capstone Experience
Objective: To determine the association between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and cancer diagnosis based on ACE exposure levels.
Methods: We utilized data collected in the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. The study population (n=54,148) was restricted to states that reported on the optional model of experiencing ACEs and those who responded about cancer diagnosis. A univariate analysis, bivariate analysis and a multivariate logistic regression were performed. Odds of cancer diagnosis among those with differing ACE exposure levels were calculated.
Results: High ACE exposure had 20% higher odds of cancer diagnosis when compared to low ACE exposure. White, …
Barriers And Facilitators To Enrollment For Free And Reduced Price Meals In The School Nutrition Program Among Lawrence Public School Families, Emily Brinkman
Barriers And Facilitators To Enrollment For Free And Reduced Price Meals In The School Nutrition Program Among Lawrence Public School Families, Emily Brinkman
Capstone Experience
Many low-income families are facing nutrition insecurity, meaning they do not have consistent and equitable access to healthy, safe, affordable foods to meet needs for optimal health and well-being. The impact of nutrition insecurity is especially concerning for children as they are more likely to face adverse outcomes that can limit physical, intellectual, and emotional potential across the lifespan. The U.S. Department of Agriculture administers the School Nutrition Programs that can help improve access to nutritious foods. Eligible families can apply for their children to receive free or reduced-price school meals based on income level and household size. However, many …
Exploring The Mental Health Experience Of Perinatal Military Spouses Based In Sigonella, Italy, Lyndsey Dannenberg
Exploring The Mental Health Experience Of Perinatal Military Spouses Based In Sigonella, Italy, Lyndsey Dannenberg
Capstone Experience
The perinatal period can have a profound impact on the mental health of women, their infants, and their families, especially when it comes to depression and anxiety disorders. This study aims to delve into the experiences of perinatal mental health among military spouses stationed overseas, on Naval Air Station Sigonella, Italy, and contribute to the limited research on active-duty military spouses and their perinatal mental health while stationed overseas. The research uses a qualitative phenomenological approach, seeking to provide valuable insights into the lived experiences of military spouses and their perinatal mental health. Risk factors associated with perinatal mental illness …
Evaluating Lack Of Access To Secondary Prevention-Based Healthcare Services Between Racial/Ethnic Groups In The United States: A Logistic Regression Analysis Using 2022 Brfss Cross-Sectional Data, Samuel Ortiz Severiano
Evaluating Lack Of Access To Secondary Prevention-Based Healthcare Services Between Racial/Ethnic Groups In The United States: A Logistic Regression Analysis Using 2022 Brfss Cross-Sectional Data, Samuel Ortiz Severiano
Capstone Experience
Objective: To determine whether racial/ethnic minorities have reduced access to preventive healthcare services in the United States, with participation in routine checkups serving as the metric for access. Methods: Performing logistic regression analysis comparing the length of time since the last routine checkup between different racial/ethnic groups in the study population. Those who haven’t had a routine checkup in at least 12 months served as the comparison group. Results: Black populations were 66% less likely to not have access to preventive care compared to White populations, while Asian, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander populations were 8.5% more likely …