Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Systematic Review Of The Effect Of Aerobic And Resistance Exercise Training On Systemic Brain Natriuretic Peptide (Bnp) And N-Terminal Bnp Expression In Heart Failure Patients, N. Smart, M. Steele

Neil Smart

Background: BNP and the N-terminal portion (NT-pro-BNP) have emerged as powerful tools in the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure on acute presentation. The aim of this work was to systematically review the effect of exercise training on BNP and NT-pro-BNP levels in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Methods: A systematic search was conducted of Medline (Ovid) (1950–July 2008), Embase.com (1974–current), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL (1981–current) and Web of Science (2000–current) to identify randomized controlled trials of aerobic and/or resistance exercise training in heart failure patients that measured BNP and/or pro-BNP. Primary outcome measures were changes in …

Plasticity Of Brain Networks In A Randomized Intervention Trial Of Exercise Training In Older Adults, Michelle W. Voss, Ruchika S. Prakash, Kirk I. Erickson, Chandramallika Basak, Laura Chaddock, Jennifer S. Kim, Heloisa Alves, Susie Heo, Amanda N. Szabo, Siobhan M. White, Thomas R. Wójcicki, Emily L. Mailey, Neha Gothe, Erin A. Olson, Edward Mcauley, Arthur F. Kramer

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Research has shown the human brain is organized into separable functional networks during rest and varied states of cognition, and that aging is associated with specific network dysfunctions. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine low-frequency (0.008 < f < 0.08 Hz) coherence of cognitively relevant and sensory brain networks in older adults who participated in a 1-year intervention trial, comparing the effects of aerobic and nonaerobic fitness training on brain function and cognition. Results showed that aerobic training improved the aging brain’s resting functional efficiency in higher-level cognitive networks. One year of walking increased functional connectivity between aspects of the frontal, posterior, and temporal cortices within the Default Mode Network and a Frontal Executive Network, two brain networks central to brain dysfunction in aging. Length of training was also an important factor. Effects in favor of the walking group were observed only after 12 months of training, compared to non-significant trends after 6 months. A non-aerobic stretching and toning group also showed increased functional connectivity in the DMN after 6 months and in a Frontal Parietal Network after 12 months, possibly reflecting experience-dependent plasticity. Finally, we found that changes in functional connectivity were behaviorally relevant. Increased functional connectivity was associated with greater improvement in executive function. Therefore the study provides the first evidence for exercise-induced functional plasticity in large-scale brain systems in the aging brain, using functional connectivity techniques, and offers new insight into the role of aerobic fitness in attenuating age-related brain dysfunction.

A Phenomenological Investigation Of Women's Experiences With Personal Training, Cherilyn N. Hultquist, Melissa N. Madeson, Amy Church, Leslee A. Fisher

Faculty and Research Publications

Personal training is a rapidly growing industry in a country that is in dire need of physical fitness and health improvements. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to better understand women's experiences with personal training. To address the research question, eight female participants ages 24 to 54 years were interviewed using the following phenomenological question: "When you think about your current experience with personal training what stands out for you?" The interviews were conducted, transcribed, and qualitatively analyzed to identify themes in participants' responses. The ground that emerged was positive experience within which existed four figural themes: Relationships, trainer …

The Effects Of Heat Acclimation Followed By Sleep Deprivation On Perceived Exertion, Thirst, And Thermal Sensations In Exercising Males, Candice Williams

Honors Scholar Theses

Subjects were tested while walking on a tradmill for 11 days in a row at sub-maximal levels for 90 minutes the heat. After the 10th day, subjects were kept awake for 24 hours before being tested in a state of sleep deprivation on the 11th day. Subjects rated their perceived exertion, thirst levels, and thermal sensations at regular intervals before, during, and after exercise each day. The changes in RPE, thirst, and thermal sensations were examined to determine the progression of heat acclimation and to observe changes in the subjects' perceived workloads. While subjects were significantly less thirsty on day …

Effects Of Perceived Fitness Level Of Exercise Partner On Intensity Of Exertion, Thomas G. Plante, Meghan Madden, Sonia Mann, Grace Lee

Psychology

Problem statement: Social comparison theory was used to examine if exercising with a research confederate posing as either high fit or low fit would increase the exertion in exercising. Approach: 91 college students were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: Biking alone, biking with a high fit confederate, or biking with a low fit confederate. All participants were instructed to complete 20 min of exercise at 60-70% of their maximum target heart rate. Results: Results indicated that participants in the high fit condition exercised harder than those in the low fit condition. However, no mood differences emerged between conditions. …

The Effects Of Physical Exercise On Cognition, Shaun Stuer

The First-Year Papers (2010 - present)

No abstract provided.

The Effectiveness Of Mentoring-Based Professional Development On Physical Education Teachers' Pedometer And Computer Efficacy And Anxiety, Jeffrey J. Martin, Nate Mccaughtry, Pamela Hodges Kulinna, Donetta Cothran, Roberta Faust

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose of our study was to examine the impact of mentoring-based professional development on physical education teachers' efficacy. Experienced mentor teachers were paired (n = 15) with inexperienced protégé teachers (n = 15) at the beginning of a yearlong intervention study. It was hypothesized that teachers would increase their efficacy to use pedometers and computers to enhance instruction, and reduce their computer anxiety. Repeated-measures ANOVAs for mentors and protégés revealed a variety of significant main effects. We found increases in computer and pedometer efficacy. A second set of repeated-measures ANOVAs based on mentors', protégés', and control groups' …

Influence Of A Functional Knee Brace And Exercise On Lower Extremity Kinematics During Jogging, Brian M. Campbell, Daniel Cipriani, James A. Yaggie

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

ABSTRACT Context: Functional knee braces (FKB) are used prophylactically and in rehabilitation to aide in the functional stability of the knee joint. Objective: To determine if alterations in sagittal plane lower extremity kinematics remain evident throughout a one hour period in healthy individuals. Design: 2X5 repeated measures design. Setting: Biomechanics Laboratory. Subjects: Twenty subjects (14 male and 6 female, mean age 26.5±7 yrs; height 172.4±13 cm; weight 78.6±9 kg), separated into braced (B) and no brace (NB) groups. Intervention: A one-hour exercise program divided into three 20 minute increments. Main Outcome Measures: Synchronized three-dimensional …

Effect Of A Single Bout Of Prior Moderate Exercise On Cutaneous Perfusion In Type 2 Diabetes, Sheri R. Colberg, Henri K. Parson, Tanja Nunnold, D. Robb Holton, Aaron I. Vinik

Human Movement Sciences & Special Education Faculty Publications

In diabetic individuals, increased shunting of circulation away from the skin may exist, contributing to their greater risk for ulcerations and poor cutaneous healing. In a prospective study (1), we previously found a lower skin perfusion during local heating in the foot dorsum of sedentary type 2 diabetic individuals compared with active people without diabetes. This defect was present despite normal increases in skin interstitial nitric oxide (NO), suggesting that NO is either ineffective or not involved (2). A prior bout of maximal exercise also lessened the impaired responsiveness to local heating of the dorsal foot in active type 2 …

Scale Development For Perceived School Climate For Girls’ Physical Activity, Amanda Birnbaum, Kelly R. Evenson, Robert W. Motl, Rod K. Dishman, Carolyn C. Voorhees, James F. Sallis, John P. Elder, Marsha Dowda

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Objectives: To test an original scale assessing perceived school climate for girls' physical activity in middle school girls. Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: CFA retained 5 of 14 original items. A model with 2 correlated factors, perceptions about teachers' and boys' behaviors, respectively, fit the data well in both sixth and eighth-graders. SEM detected a positive, significant direct association of the teacher factor, but not the boy factor, with girls' self-reported physical activity. Conclusions: School climate for girls' physical activity is a measurable construct, and preliminary evidence suggests a relationship with physical activity.

Scale Development For Perceived School Climate For Girls’ Physical Activity, Amanda Birnbaum, Kelly R. Evenson, Robert W. Motl, Rod K. Dishman, Carolyn C. Voorhees, James F. Sallis, John P. Elder, Marsha Dowda

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Objectives: To test an original scale assessing perceived school climate for girls' physical activity in middle school girls. Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: CFA retained 5 of 14 original items. A model with 2 correlated factors, perceptions about teachers' and boys' behaviors, respectively, fit the data well in both sixth and eighth-graders. SEM detected a positive, significant direct association of the teacher factor, but not the boy factor, with girls' self-reported physical activity. Conclusions:School climate for girls' physical activity is a measurable construct, and preliminary evidence suggests a relationship with physical activity.

Intra-Arterial Blood Pressure Characteristics During Submaximal Cycling And Recovery, Julia Orri, S E. Griffin, Robert A. Robergs, David S. James, D R. Wagner, R Quintana

Kinesiology (Formerly Exercise and Sport Science)

The purpose of this study was to measure intra-arterial (IA) blood pressure from rest to steady-state submaximal exercise and immediately post-exercise. Beat-to-beat blood pressure was compared to breath-by-breath VO2 during steady-state and maximal exercise. Fourteen normotensive subjects volunteered. Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean (mBP) blood pressure was measured from rest to steady state during cycling at 45, 60, and 75% maximal power output (POmax). BP was assessed during recovery from VO2peak through 2 min of cycling at 50 W. During the rest to exercise transition, mBP decreased from 103.41 ± 9.4 to 90.1 ± 8.9 mmHg after 11.6 ± …

The Effects Of A Heavy Resistance Training Intervention Of The Plantar Flexors On The Recovery Of Strength, Power, Acceleration, And Agility In Recreational Athletes, Naomi A. Forrest

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Resistance training is a highly utilised form of exercise that is used to develop strength, power, speed and muscular endurance. Although it is associated with many positive benefits it also has some potentially unfavourable effects. These are manifested in the form of altered muscle function through the effects of muscle fatigue and exercise induced muscle damage. Various aspects muscle fatigue and damage have been well studied, however research into the effects of these on tests of strength, power, acceleration and agility is sparse. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a heavy resistance intervention on …

Proprioceptive And Muscle Activation Changes In Triceps Surae Associated With Exercise Induced Muscle Damage, Carmel Nottle

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The aim of this thesis was to examine proprioceptive and activation changes that occur in triceps surae in response to exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD). While proprioceptive changes have previously been demonstrated in association with EIMD, the present investigation examined the role of a number of potential contributing factors to these changes, following both single and repeated bouts of eccentric exercise.

The Effects Of Movement Based Interventions On Doms And Muscle Damage Following Eccentric Exercise, Zainal A. Zainuddin

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common symptom experienced by most adults following unaccustomed exercise. It is known that DOMS is peculiar to eccentric exercise that results in muscle damage which is characterized by prolonged loss of muscle function. DOMS and subsequent impaired muscle function, reduces the ability to maximize performance of daily living tasks, and has negative effects on sports adherence and activity based healthy lifestyle. Thus, treatments to ameliorate DOMS and enhance recovery of muscle function are important.

Is There A Threshold Intensity For Aerobic Training In Cardiac Patients?, David P. Swain, Barry Franklin

Human Movement Sciences & Special Education Faculty Publications

Purpose: Recent guidelines have recommended the use of a percentage of oxygen uptake reserve ((V) over dot O₂R) for prescribing aerobic exercise intensity for cardiac patients. Moreover, these guidelines suggest that a threshold intensity may exist, below which no improvement in peak oxygen uptake ((V) over dot O-_2peak) occurs, The purpose. therefore. was to translate the intensity of aerobic exercise in previous training studies using cardiac patients into %(V) over dot O₂R units, and determine whether a threshold intensity exists, Methods: Twenty-three studies, using 28 groups of aerobically trained cardiac patients. were identified in …

The Effect Of Prescribed And Preferred Intensity Exercise On The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Perceived Exertion In Older Adults, Keith R. Scotson

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This study was concerned with acute responses to exercise in people over the age of 50 (N = 80). In particular the relationship between Self-efficacy and perceived exertion during exercise at workloads (a) based on a target heart rate (prescribed intensities) and (b) based on participant preference (preferred intensities) were observed. Perceptual (perceived exertion), Self-efficacy and heart rate responses of low active older participants engaged in either walking or cycle ergometer exercise at preferred and prescribed intensities were also reported. Significant inverse correlations were observed between pre and post exercise Self-efficacy and perceived exertion during acute exercise at prescribed intensities …

The Nutritional Knowledge, Food Choices And Exercise Habits Of Students At Langston University, Preston Solomon

McCabe Thesis Collection

The process of nutritional assessment has long been used to identify specific nutritional problems that demand attention and correction. The major health problems in the United States and much of the industrialized world have nutrition at their root. The ten leading causes of death in the United States are in some way related to the lack of adequate knowledge, adequate nutrition, or both. Increasingly young people are experiencing obesity, high blood pressure, and high serum cholesterol. These conditions pose problems in nutrition and healthy lifestyles in general. Given that behavior is related positively to knowledge, good nutrition and medical knowledge …

Physical Working Capacity Of Adult Men Resulting From A Progressive Aerobics Program, Gary Kaye

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This study was designed to determine the effects of a progressive aerobics training program on the physical working capacity of adults as measured on the bicycle ergometer.

The following hypotheses were tested:

1. A progressive aerobics training program does not increase physical working capacity (PWC).
2. A progressive aerobics training program has no effect on resting, exercise or recovery heart rate.
3. A progressive aerobics training program does not increase predicted maximum oxygen consumption (VO₂).