Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

An Investigation Of The Relationship Between A Static Jump Protocol And Squat Strength: A Potential Protocol For Collegiate Strength And Explosive Athlete Monitoring, Cody Haun

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between estimated absolute and relative squat strength and a static jump protocol with potential to provide desirable training adaptation data to practitioners in the field of collegiate strength and conditioning. Forty-one young (20.80 ± 2.44 years), healthy volunteers reported estimated back squat 1RM’s based on the most recent training block and completed a static jump protocol. Males (n=19, est. 1RM 141.29 ± 32.02kg) and female (n=22, est. 1RM 71.56 ± 19.64kg) jump data revealed large to very large correlations between squat strength, mean jump heights of jumps and other calculated …

Stability Of Isometric Strength Asymmetry And Its Relationship To Sprint And Change-Of-Direction Performance Asymmetry In Division-I Collegiate Athletes, Benjamin H. Gleason

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate the stability of strength asymmetry over a long-term period (1 year) and investigate the relationship of strength asymmetry to field test performance asymmetry in NCAA division-1 athletes. Isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) peak force asymmetry, ground contact time and finish time asymmetries on 10m sprint and 505 agility test performances were also observed. The impact of strength was also investigated in these studies to determine its effect on the magnitude of asymmetry.

In the second study, peak force asymmetry over a one-year period was observed to be a rather volatile quality, with ranges …

Comparison Of External Kinetic And Kinematic Variables Between High Barbell Back Squats And Low Barbell Back Squats Across A Range Of Loads, Jacob Goodin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study compared peak force, peak power, peak velocity, impulse, work, and vertical displacement between the high bar back squat (HBBS) and low bar back squat (LBBS). Six trained males performed each using 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% of their recent training 1 repetition maximum. Dual force plates recorded force-time curve characteristics of ground reaction forces and four potentiometers tracked vertical and horizontal barbell displacement. Repeated–measures analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect for load (p<0.01) across all variables, but no significant effects for condition or interaction. The HBBS generated higher peak force in loads 20%–80%, higher peak power in loads 20%–60% and 80%–90%, higher peak velocity at every load, and greater vertical displacement at every load. The LBBS generated a larger impulse at loads 30%-90% and the HBBS generated more work at loads 20%, 40%, and 60%–90%.

Relationship Between Concentric Velocity At Varying Intensity In The Back Squat Using Wireless Inertia Sensor, Kevin M. Carroll

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the Minimal Velocity Threshold (MVT) of 1RM and repetitions until failure testing conditions using the back squat exercise. Fourteen injury-free males with experience in the back squat volunteered to perform a 1RM and a submaximal (70% 1RM) repetitions until failure test, each during different testing sessions. Mean Concentric Velocity (MCV) was collected using a wireless inertia-measuring device. The last successful repetition in either condition was considered the MVT. A very small relationship between 1RM and repetitions until failure MVT was found (r=-0.135). There were no significant differences …

The Effects Of Vertically-Oriented Resistance Training On Golf Swing Performance Variables, Austin R. Driggers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vertically-oriented resistance training on golf driving performance. Ten Division-I collegiate golfers completed 2 resistance training sessions per week for 10 weeks during the fall tournament season. Pre- and posttraining assessments of strength-power and golf performance were compared. To assess strength-power, jump height, peak force, and peak power (PP) were measured from static and countermovement (CMJ) vertical jumps; peak force and rate of force development from 0-250 ms were measured from an isometric mid-thigh pull. Golf performance was assessed in terms of ball launch speed (BS), spin rate, carry yardage …

Analysis Of Changes In Strength, Explosiveness, And Agility Performance Over An Ncaa Division I Tennis Career: A Case Study, Caleb D. Bazyler, Jacob R. Goodin, George Beckham, H. Santana, M. Swartz, Ashley A. Kavanaugh

ETSU Faculty Works

Abstract available in the 9th Annual Coaches and Sport Science College .

An Exploratory Study On The Use Of Concentric Velocities In The Back Squat As A Monitoring Tool, Kevin M. Carroll, Josh D. Christovich, Caleb D. Bazyler, Nicholas J. Fiolo, George K. Beckham, Kimitake Sato

ETSU Faculty Works

Abstract available in the 9th Annual Coaches and Sport Science College .

Using The Minimax Accelerometer To Quantify The Demands Of Preseason Training In Ncaa Volleyball: A Descriptive Case-Study Study, Christopher J. Sole, Nobuhisa Yoshida, Bradley A. Alban, Caleb D. Bazyler, Satoshi Mizuguchi

ETSU Faculty Works

Abstract available in the 9th Annual Coaches and Sport Science College.

Is A 20 Kg Load Sufficient To Simulate Fatigue In Squat Jumps?, Chris A. Bailey, T. Mcinnis, K. Sato, B. Johnston, Z. Sha, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Abstract available in the Annual Coaches and Sport Science College.

Insulin Resistance And Muscle Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Serine Hyperphosphorylation, Charles A. Stuart, Mary E. A. Howell, Brian M. Cartwright, Melanie P. Mccurry, Michelle L. Lee, Michael W. Ramsey, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome subjects is profound in spite of muscle insulin receptor and insulin-responsive glucose transporter (GLUT4) expression being nearly normal. Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at Tyr896 is a necessary step in insulin stimulation of translocation of GLUT4 to the cell surface. Serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 by some kinases diminishes insulin action in mice. We evaluated the phosphorylation status of muscle IRS-1 in 33 subjects with the metabolic syndrome and seventeen lean controls. Each underwent euglycemic insulin clamps and a thigh muscle biopsy before and after 8 weeks of either strength or …

Utilizing Weightlifting For Cycling Performance, Nicholas J. Fiolo, Christopher B. Taber, Caleb D. Bazyler, Cody T. Haun, Robert Duncan, Aaron M. Thomas, Michael W. Ramsey, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Abstract available in the 9th Annual Coaches and Sport Science College.

Physical And Performance Characteristics May Influence Successful Completion Of Military Tasks On The Sandhurst Competition, Keith A. Leiting

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Identification and development of physical characteristics that lead to efficient performance of military skills or tasks has been a consistently difficult task for the United States military for decades. The literature suggests certain physical characteristics may be more important, although this information is conflicting. Furthermore, the military physical fitness training program that is intended to prepare soldiers for combat is commonly evaluated with the Army Physical Fitness Test (PFT), a test that is more suited for evaluating health and wellness rather than task-specific fitness. All of this testing and training of soldiers focuses on the individual soldiers and their abilities …

Physical And Technical Demands Of Women’S Collegiate Soccer, Ryan Alexander

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the physical and technical demands of the women’s college soccer game through a case study approach. With advancements in technology, motion analysis has become commonplace in most professional environments. However, the literature on amateur soccer is quite scarce and warrants more attention. The aims of this dissertation were: 1) to describe the physical demands of each position for a women’s college soccer player as they relate to total distance covered, efforts, and distance covered in high-speed velocity bands, 2) explore the variation in physical performance during a competitive season, and 3) compare …

Coach And Athlete Perceptions Of An Athlete Monitoring And Strength And Conditioning Program, Jacob P. Reed

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to assess athlete perceptions of an athlete monitoring program throughout an academic year and coach perceptions throughout a competitive season. The secondary purpose was to develop a questionnaire designed to assess coach and athlete perceptions of the monitoring program. Methods: Athletes and coaches participating in the athlete monitoring program at East Tennessee State University’s (ETSU) Sport Performance Enhancement Consortium (SPEC) were invited to participate. Reliability for the coach and athlete questionnaires and principle components analysis (PCA) of the athlete questionnaire was completed after initial development of the questionnaire (11 questions for athletes and …

Lower Body Strength And Power Characteristics Influencing Change Of Direction And Straight-Line Sprinting Performance In Division I Soccer Players: An Exploratory Study, Chieh-Ying Chiang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the influence of lower body strength characteristics on change of direction (COD) performance in NCAA Division I soccer athletes. Specifically, this dissertation served to examine: 1) whether the lower body strength and power were related to COD performance, 2) whether stronger athletes had superior COD performance than weaker athletes, 3) whether the force production asymmetry and strength dominant (SD) associated with COD performance, and 4) weather sex differences existed in kinetic variables during the stand phase of cutting.

The major findings of this dissertation include: 1) strength and power characteristics were moderately …

Changes In Peak Acceleration In The Snatch Across Multiple - Attempts In Training: A Case Study, George K. Beckham, Kimitake Sato, Timothy J. Suchomel, William A. Sands, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Accelerometers are devices that have been recently used to assess the performance of weightlifters in training. This case study used vertical acceleration data to assess multiple snatch attempts in a single lifter during a training session. The lifter exhibited variability in a number of measures, including peak acceleration and peak velocity. The measures calculated from the acceleration-time data did not show consistent trends between made and missed lifts. More work is needed identify variables of interest for snatch performance.

Leg Dynamic Strength Predictors Of A Pre-Planned Change Of Direction Task In Ncaa Division 1 Soccer Players, Chieh-Ying Chiang, Christopher A. Bailey, Christohper J. Sole, Timothy J. Suchomel, Kimitake Sato, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the relationships between two types of vertical jumps and change of direction (COD) test in collegiate soccer players (n=24). 5-5 COD test was utilized to measure soccer athletes’ COD ability. 3m acceleration (3mAcc), Total time (TT) and Partial time (PT) were measured by two sets of timing gates. Countermovement jump (CMJ) and static jump (SJ) with 2 different loading conditionings (0kg and 20kg) were employed to evaluate athletes’ leg dynamic strength. Strong statistically significant relationships were found between COD test variables (r =0.71 to 0.90), and between vertical jump variables with PT …

Longitudinal Monitoring Of Countermovement Jump Mechanical Variables: A Preliminary Investigation, Christopher J. Sole, Satoshi Mizuguchi, Timothy J. Suchomel, William A. Sands, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of accumulated volume load on countermovement jump (CMJ) mechanical variables. Eight athletes underwent weekly CMJ testing using a force plate. Statistical changes were observed in certain CMJ variables over the observation period. Jump height (0.42±0.05 m) and allometrically scaled peak power (88.86±7.49 W·kg-0.67) exhibited multiple statistical changes. These changes appeared to exhibit a delayed effect in response to accumulated volume load. Specifically, following several weeks of large accumulated volume loads these variables declined. In addition subsequently decreasing accumulated volume loads resulted in an increase in both variables. The findings of …

The Effects Of Strength Training On Isometric Force Production Symmetry In Recreationally Trained Males, Caleb D. Bazyler, Christopher A. Bailey, Chieh-Ying Chiang, Kimitake Sato, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to determine what effect a bilateral strength training regimen has on isometric force production symmetry and if changes in force production symmetry can be accounted for by differences in pre-intervention strength levels. Design: Sixteen recreationally trained males (1-RM squat: 146.8 ± 23.0 kg.) were assigned to two groups for the 7-week training intervention: strong (S) and weak (W) based on pre-training squat isometric peak force allometrically scaled (IPFa) at 120° knee angle. Methods: Subjects completed a 7-week training intervention following a block-periodized model and were tested on measures of dynamic (1RM squat) and …

Differences In Semg Between Normal Squats And Accentuated Eccentric Loaded Squats In Competitive Collegiate Weightlifters, Christopher Macdonalds, Kimitake Sato, Christian Carter, Hugh Lamont, William Sands, Michael H. Stone, Michael Israetel, Jeremy A. Gentles, Jason Cholewa, John Garner, Michael Ramsey, Guy Hornsby

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of the present work was to compare the effect of accentuated eccentric loaded (AEL) squats to normally loaded (NOR) squats on surface measured muscle activation (sEMG) in competitive weightlifters. Eight experienced, competitive weightlifters (six males, two females) completed both an AEL and NOR squat session (seven days apart), comprised of nine sets of squats, and was identical to their normal scheduled training. sEMG data from the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) was collected (at 1000Hz) during the entirety of the concentric (CON) phases of the AEL and NOR sessions. RMANOVAs (set x session-type) …

The Relationship Of Force Production Asymmetry And Performance In Athletes Of Different Strength Levels, Christopher A. Bailey, Caleb D. Bazyler, Chieh-Ying Chiang, Kimitake Sato, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between force production asymmetry and performance of athletes with differing strength levels in males and females. Collegiate athletes (n=129) from various sports were ranked according to isometric mid-thigh pull peak force and the top (‘strong’) and bottom (‘weak’) 25% were used for analysis. Symmetry index (SI) scores were calculated and correlated with their respective force-time characteristics using bivariate correlations. For the weaker males, several negative moderate correlations were observed; however, no statistically significant correlations were observed for the females in either group. These findings indicate that force production asymmetry is …

Kinetic And Kinematic Asymmetries During Unloaded And Loaded Static Jumps, Chris A. Bailey, Kimitake Sato, Brian Johnson, William A. Sands, Angus Burnett, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Abstract available in the Annual coaches and Sport Science College.

The Efficacy Of Partial Squats On Measures Of Strength And Explosiveness: An Exploratory Study, Caleb D. Bazyler, Kimitake Sato, Craig A. Wassinger, Hugh S. Lamont, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Abstract available in the 8th Annual Coaches and Sport Science College.

Insulin Responsiveness In Metabolic Syndrome After Eight Weeks Of Cycle Training, Charles A. Stuart, Mark A. South, Michelle L. Lee, Melanie P. Mccurry, Mary E. A. Howell, Michael W. Ramsey, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Introduction Insulin resistance in obesity is decreased after successful diet and exercise. Aerobic exercise training alone was evaluated as an intervention in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.

Methods Eighteen nondiabetic, sedentary subjects, 11 with the metabolic syndrome, participated in 8 wk of increasing intensity stationary cycle training.

Results Cycle training without weight loss did not change insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome subjects or sedentary control subjects. Maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max), activated muscle AMP-dependent kinase, and muscle mitochondrial marker ATP synthase all increased. Strength, lean body mass, and fat mass did not change. The activated mammalian target of rapamycin was not …

Efficacy Of Partial Rom Squat In Maximal Strength Training, Caleb Bazyler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Eighteen well trained males (1RM Squat: 150.57 ± 26.79 kg) were assigned to two groups: full ROM training (control) and full ROM with partial ROM training (CP) for the seven-week training intervention. There was a significant time effect (p

Exercise Participation During Weight Loss On A High Protein – Low Carbohydrate Diet Plan In Females Aged 15-25 Years, Margaret Mobley-Meulman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Weight gain due to poor diet and lack of exercise is responsible for over 300,000 deaths each year (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). Obese adults have an increased risk for serious health conditions including high blood pressure and cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and certain cancers (National Cancer Institute, 2012). Participation in exercise can help control weight, strengthen muscles and bones, and reduce the incidence of cardiac events, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, colon and breast cancers, osteoporotic fractures, gallbladder disease, obesity, depression, anxiety, and delay mortality …

Power And Explosiveness: First Step(S), Michael H. Stone, Kimitake Sato

ETSU Faculty Works

Power (along with Impulse) is arguably the most import characteristic for an athlete to develop. Power (particularly peak power) has strong relationships with sports performance such as lifting, throwing, sprinting, jumping and agility. Development of power is best accomplished by a progressive sequence that is characterized by successive phases that increased work capacity, muscle cross-section area, maximum strength and task specific power. Furthermore, evidence indicates that for power development, weaker athletes benefit as much or more from the development of strength through basic strength training than from power training.

Electromyographical Analysis Of Barefoot Squat: A Clinical Perspective., Sarah E. Brown

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activation in eight superficial lower limb muscles during execution of barbell back squats while in barefoot and athletic shoe conditions. It was hypothesized that greater muscle activity would be seen when squats were performed in barefoot conditions. Six participants were included in the study (means: 21.33±1.53 years, 170.45±11.33cm height, 69.85±12.46kg mass, 3.4±1.40 years training). Each met specific inclusion criteria. Participants came in three separate days for data collection (Day 1 – 1 repetition maximum [1RM] was determined, Day 2 – maximum voluntary contraction tests were held, Day 3 – squat tests …

Isometric Force Production Symmetry And Jumping Performance In Collegiate Athletes, Chris A. Bailey, Kimitake Sato, Ryan Alexander, Chieh-Ying Chiang, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between isometric force production symmetry and jumping performance in weighted and un-weighted static and countermovement jumps (SJ and CMJ). Design: Bivariate correlation between isometric force production symmetry and vertical jump performance variables. Methods: Collegiate athletes were evaluated for this study (n=36). Subjects performed SJ, CMJ, and isometric mid-thigh pulls (IMTP). Jumps were analyzed for jump height (JH) and peak power (PP). IMTP was analyzed for peak force (PF) for left and right sides, and values were calculated to produce a peak force symmetry index (PF-SI) score. Correlational statistics were …

A Comparison Of Pairs Figure Skaters In Repeated Jumps, William A. Sands, Wendy L. Kimmel, Jeni R. Mcneal, Steven Ross Murray, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Trends in pairs figure skating have shown that increasingly difficult jumps have become an essential aspect of high-level performance, especially in the latter part of a competitive program. We compared a repeated jump power index in a 60 s repeated jump test to determine the relationship of repeated jump test to competitive rank and to measure 2D hip, knee, and ankle angles and angular velocities at 0, 20, 40, and 60 s. Eighteen National Team Pairs Figure Skaters performed a 60 s repeated jump test on a large switch-mat with timing of flight and ground durations and digital video recording. …