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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Chicken, The Egg, The Workspace Analysis, And The Ecological Interface., M.M. (Rene) Van Paassen, Matthijs H.J. Amelink, Clark Borst, Stijn B.J. Van Dam, Max Mulder
The Chicken, The Egg, The Workspace Analysis, And The Ecological Interface., M.M. (Rene) Van Paassen, Matthijs H.J. Amelink, Clark Borst, Stijn B.J. Van Dam, Max Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
The first applications of the design of operator interfaces with CognitiveWorkspace Analysis and Ecological Interface Design were in the field of power plants and process control. These applications are similar to the DURESS microworld, for which the first EID design was made. The workspace analysis for these domains can then be similar to the analysis elaborated for DURESS. At the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering of the Delft University of Technology, in several projects now EID has been applied to a different work domain, namely vehicle control. These projects have focused on, among others, conflict avoidance in aircraft and ships, terrain …
1,001 Runway Incursions, Ed Wischmeyer Ph.D.
1,001 Runway Incursions, Ed Wischmeyer Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Three years of recent ASRS reports were reviewed to seek factors contributing to runway incursions and taxi errors. Many factors not commonly discussed in ground safety were found in these 1,049 reports. These factors were then analyzed from a systems perspective, suggesting that all elements of the system, in the broadest sense, need improvement, but as a unified system. It seems unlikely that any meaningful improvements will be achieved without such a systems approach.
On Line And Off-Line Tools For Preventing And Analyzing Vestibular Spatial Disorientation Mishaps: A Summary Of The Alion-Ma&D / Air Force Research Program, Christopher D. Wickens, Ronald L. Small, Alia M. Fisher, John W. Keller, Connie M. Socash
On Line And Off-Line Tools For Preventing And Analyzing Vestibular Spatial Disorientation Mishaps: A Summary Of The Alion-Ma&D / Air Force Research Program, Christopher D. Wickens, Ronald L. Small, Alia M. Fisher, John W. Keller, Connie M. Socash
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
We describe a program of research and development to combat problems of in-flight spatial disorientation. One component is a computational model predicting the onset of the leans, the graveyard spiral, the Coriolis, and the somatogyral illusion, based on a vestibular model and inputs from the aircraft and control states. This model is validated in a flight simulation experiment. A second component we describe is the application of the model off line, embodied in a visualization and analysis tool for SD mishap investigation. A third component uses the model on-line, in flight to trigger visual, auditory, and tactile countermeasures to restore …
The Next Generation Professional Pilot – Not Your Father’S First Officer, Captain Brian T. Wilson
The Next Generation Professional Pilot – Not Your Father’S First Officer, Captain Brian T. Wilson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
With the demise of the Cold War, the subsequent drawdown of the military, and with many airline pilots opting not to return from furlough after the recent rash of bankruptcies, the demand side of air carrier pilot hiring has driven significant changes in new hire pilot demographics. Experience levels of new hire regional pilots are at an all time low, and are approaching an average well below 1000 hrs of total time and less than 100 hours multi-engine. These demographics changes bode ill for aviation safety and these changes in new hire pilot demographics are showing up in increasing incidents …
Using Ecological Interface Design For Energy Management During Idle-Thrust Approaches, M.M. (Rene) Van Paassen, Joris Gernaey, Alexander C. In ’T Veld, Max Mulder
Using Ecological Interface Design For Energy Management During Idle-Thrust Approaches, M.M. (Rene) Van Paassen, Joris Gernaey, Alexander C. In ’T Veld, Max Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Alternative approach procedures are being developed, in order to create aircraft operations that have less impact on the environment. In these low-power, low-noise approaches, level flight segments are avoided, and low or flight idle thrust settings are used until the aircraft reaches a stabilization point at low altitude, close to the runway. Electronic automation tools and handbook charts are currently tested and used in these procedures. This paper takes a different approach, and applies the principles of Ecological Interface Design to create interfaces that enable the pilot to fly these procedures in a flexible manner. Interfaces for two of these …
The Alaska Airlines Flight 261 Accident: A Systemic Analysis Of Functional Resonance, Rogier Woltjer, Erik Hollnagel
The Alaska Airlines Flight 261 Accident: A Systemic Analysis Of Functional Resonance, Rogier Woltjer, Erik Hollnagel
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
On January 31, 2000, Alaska Airlines flight 261, an MD-83, crashed into the Pacific Ocean; after airplane pitch control was lost as a result of the in-flight failure of the horizontal stabilizer trim system jackscrew assembly's acme nut threads (NTSB, 2003). Accident investigation revealed a wide range of human, technical, and organizational factors contributing to this tragic event, providing a case where popular linear models and methods have difficulty addressing the full complexity of the processes leading up to the accident. This paper treats each of the steps of analysis according to the Functional Resonance Accident Model (FRAM; Hollnagel, 2004), …
Wake Vortex Display Design And Model Evaluation, Christopher D. Wickens, Angelia Sebok, Tim Bagnall, Jill Kamienski
Wake Vortex Display Design And Model Evaluation, Christopher D. Wickens, Angelia Sebok, Tim Bagnall, Jill Kamienski
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
In a Phase I Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) project for NASA Langley, we developed and evaluated three formats of conceptual prototype cockpit wake vortex displays, a 2D plan view display, a 2D co-planar display, and a 3D synthetic vision system display. In each, the wake was presented along with conventional information on the 2D nav display, the vertical situation display, and the forward-looking SVS display. In the first stage of evaluation, three pilots carried out a two rounds of usability analyses on the displays in dynamic flight scenarios. The co-planar display was revealed to have the fewest problems. In …
Effect Of Display Format On Attitude-Maintenance Performance, Motonori Yamaguchi, Robert W. Proctor
Effect Of Display Format On Attitude-Maintenance Performance, Motonori Yamaguchi, Robert W. Proctor
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
The present research examined the effect of display format, inside-out or outside-in, on performance of an attitudemaintenance task and secondary choice-reaction tasks among non-pilot participants. Some advantages for use of outside-in format for the attitude display were obtained in the secondary task performance, though there were no clear differences from the inside-out format display in the primary attitude-maintenance performance. Transfer from one display format to the other led to difficulty in performing the task, suggesting caution when switching from the conventional display format to a new format.
Relative Importance Of Conflict Geometry Variables In Influencing Pilots’ Conflict Detection Using A Cockpit Display Of Traffic Information, Xidong Xu, Esa M. Rantanen, Yan Huo
Relative Importance Of Conflict Geometry Variables In Influencing Pilots’ Conflict Detection Using A Cockpit Display Of Traffic Information, Xidong Xu, Esa M. Rantanen, Yan Huo
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
When independent variables are inter-correlated with each other, ANOVAs or traditional multiple regression methods do a poor job for analyzing their relative importance in accounting for the variance in a dependent variable. This paper describes a method called Dominance Analysis (Budescu, 1993; Azen & Budescu, 2003) as a better approach than the traditional methods in determining the relative importance of several inter-correlated independent variables in accounting for the variances in pilots’ performance measures in a conflict detection task with a cockpit display of traffic information (Xu, Rantanen, & Wickens, 2004). The three variables in question were an intruder aircraft’s distance …
Lane Position Head-Up Displays In Automobiles: Further Evidence For Cognitive Tunneling, Yun Zheng, Matthew Brown Ph.D., Chris M. Herdman Ph.D., Dan Bleichman
Lane Position Head-Up Displays In Automobiles: Further Evidence For Cognitive Tunneling, Yun Zheng, Matthew Brown Ph.D., Chris M. Herdman Ph.D., Dan Bleichman
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
The benefits associated with the implementation of Head-Up Displays (HUDs) in aircraft have promoted the use of this technology in automobiles. These benefits, however, have been shown to come with concomitant performance costs. Specifically, aviation and motor vehicle research has shown that HUDs produce cognitive tunneling effects whereby an operator’s attention is captured and held by the HUD symbology such that it cannot be directed elsewhere. The cost of cognitive tunneling could be more severe for driving than for flying given that driving environments are typically more densely populated than they are for flying. For this reason, research on the …
Panel: Advancing The Human Factors Business Case, Paul Krois, Douglas Farrow, William Johnson, David Bair
Panel: Advancing The Human Factors Business Case, Paul Krois, Douglas Farrow, William Johnson, David Bair
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
In a time characterized by constrained budgets, competing demands for research and operational investments, and pressures to show how projects provide immediate value, human factors is becoming more adept at how we justify our costs and demonstrate the importance of our contributions. We assess practical approaches for advancing the business case for human factors research and engineering using government and industry perspectives.
Spatial Awareness Biases In Synthetic Vision Systems Displays, Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass
Spatial Awareness Biases In Synthetic Vision Systems Displays, Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS) create a synthetic clear-day view of the terrain in front of ownship to prevent controlled flight into terrain. To investigate how spatial biases manifest themselves in SVS displays, an experiment was conducted. Eighteen pilots made spatial judgments (relative angle, distance, height, and abeam time) regarding the location of terrain points displayed in 112 5-second videos of a SVS head down display. Judgment errors revealed expected and unexpected spatial biases. Knowledge of these biases will allow SVS engineers to compensate for them and to improve spatial awareness in future SVS designs.
The Causes Of Failure Of Olympic Airways’ S Restructuring Efforts Applied By The Greek State, John S. Lainos Ph.D.
The Causes Of Failure Of Olympic Airways’ S Restructuring Efforts Applied By The Greek State, John S. Lainos Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
Olympic Airways (O.A.), the former Greek flag carrier, was nationalized in 1975. For the period 1975-1994 its cumulative deficits had mounted to 455 billion GRD, (1.63 billion US$). However, at the same time all governments enforced on O.A. the implementation of their various policies, always at the company’s expense. The state debts to O.A.- due to the aforementioned reason were in 1993 (E.U. involvement) almost three times higher than O.A.’s operational deficits. These state debts have not been permitted to O.A. to register in their accounting books. Since 1993 the Greek state, O.A.’s exclusive shareholder, has attempted to introduce changes …
Enhancing The Collection And Analysis Of General Aviation Insurance Data In Australasia Through The Use Of Hfacs, Michael G. Lenné, Karen Ashby, Michael A. Regan
Enhancing The Collection And Analysis Of General Aviation Insurance Data In Australasia Through The Use Of Hfacs, Michael G. Lenné, Karen Ashby, Michael A. Regan
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2007
This paper provides an overview of a 5-stage program of work conducted over a three-year period that aims to develop a General Aviation (GA) safety database in Australia using data collected by aviation insurers. The need to standardize and enhance insurance data was recognized to support meaningful safety-based countermeasure development. Incorporating the Human Factors Analysis and Classification Scheme into the insurance assessment process is a major feature of the data enhancement process. Data collection by GA insurance assessors in Australia, using standardized and enhanced data collection methods, will begin in late 2007. Establishment of this database will allow for meaningful …