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Articles 31 - 48 of 48
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Future Expectations Of Brasilian Street Youth, Marcela Raffaelli, Silvia H. Koller
Future Expectations Of Brasilian Street Youth, Marcela Raffaelli, Silvia H. Koller
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Future expectations of youth surviving on the streets of Porto Alegre, Brasil, were examined. The sample consisted of 35 boys and 34 girls aged 10–18 (M age 14.4) who participated in a sentence completion task and semi-structured interviews. Responses to two incomplete sentences regarding the future revealed a mismatch between hoped-for and expected events. When completing the sentence, “In the future, I hope…” the majority of youth gave optimistic (but generally non-specific) responses. In contrast, the sentence “For me, the future…” elicited more pessimistic responses. Few gender or age-related differences emerged. Findings are discussed in light of prior research with …
The Reference-Dose Place Conditioning Procedure Yields A Graded Dose-Effect Function, Rick A. Bevins
The Reference-Dose Place Conditioning Procedure Yields A Graded Dose-Effect Function, Rick A. Bevins
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
A major criticism of the place conditioning procedure for studying conditioned drug reward is that it is relatively insensitive to large quantitative shifts in drug dose (i.e., dose effects are all or none). Experiment 1 demonstrated this lack of sensitivity using a wide range of intravenous (IV) cocaine doses (O.1, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6, 0.9, or 1.2 mg/kg). Rats had cocaine repeatedly paired with one distinct end compartment of a 3 compartment apparatus; vehicle was administered in the other end compartment. In a subsequent drug-free choice test, the 0.45 to 1.2 mg/kg doses of cocaine conditioned a place preference. The magnitude …
Evaluating Sex Offenders Under Sexually Violent Predator Laws: How Might Mental Health Professionals Conceptualize The Notion Of Volitional Impairment?, Cynthia Calkins Mercado, Robert F. Schopp, Brian H. Bornstein
Evaluating Sex Offenders Under Sexually Violent Predator Laws: How Might Mental Health Professionals Conceptualize The Notion Of Volitional Impairment?, Cynthia Calkins Mercado, Robert F. Schopp, Brian H. Bornstein
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This paper examines the significance of the Supreme Court’s Hendricks and Crane decisions, with focus given to how mental health professionals may conceptualize the notion of volitional impairment. The Hendricks decision authorized postsentence civil commitment for sex offenders having a mental abnormality or personality disorder, rendering them likely to engage in future acts of sexual violence. In the Supreme Court’s majority opinion, Justice Thomas implied that the Kansas Act was legitimized by limiting the class of offenders eligible for this specialized form of commitment to those who are “unable to control” their dangerousness. In Crane, the Court ruled that …
Epistasis Among Presynaptic Serotonergic System Components, Scott F. Stoltenberg
Epistasis Among Presynaptic Serotonergic System Components, Scott F. Stoltenberg
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Epistatic interactions among regulatory components of the serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmitter system may be an important aspect of 5-HT function. Because 5-HT dysregulation is associated with several common psychiatric disorders, the potential for epistasis among genetic variants in the 5-HT transporter (SERT), 5-HT1B terminal autoreceptor and the 5- HT1A somatodendritic autoreceptor should be examined. In this study, output from a dynamic minimal model of 5-HT function was compared to empirical results in the literature. Parameters representing extracellular 5-HT clearance rates (SERT), 5-HT release levels (5-HT1B) and inhibitory thresholds (the amount of extracellular 5-HT above which cell firing …
Thirteen Years Of Reflection On Auditory Graphing: Promises, Pitfalls, And Potential New Directions, John H. Flowers
Thirteen Years Of Reflection On Auditory Graphing: Promises, Pitfalls, And Potential New Directions, John H. Flowers
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
While developments in sound production hardware now make the creation of auditory graphs possible for casual users of personal computers, some of the same pitfalls to effective auditory display development that arose in the early 1990’s continue to impede effective applications of this promising technology. Most of these pitfalls stem from lack of adequate understanding about key properties of auditory perception and attention and from inappropriate generalizations of existing data visualization practices. At the same time, however, we now know about some strategies that appear to work and offer promise for making sonification a useful and accepted tool for data …
The Interplay Of Traits And Motives On Volunteering: Agreeableness, Extraversion And Prosocial Value Motivation, Gustavo Carlo, Morris A. Okun, George Knight, Maria Rosario T. De Guzman
The Interplay Of Traits And Motives On Volunteering: Agreeableness, Extraversion And Prosocial Value Motivation, Gustavo Carlo, Morris A. Okun, George Knight, Maria Rosario T. De Guzman
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Social psychology and personality theorists have proposed that our understanding of prosocial behavior will be enhanced by examining the interplay of traits and motives. The present study was designed to test several pathways by which agreeableness, extraversion, and prosocial value motivation to volunteer influence volunteerism. A sample of 796 college students completed measures of the Big Five traits, prosocial value motivation to volunteer, and volunteering. Results of path analyses showed that prosocial value motivation to volunteer partially mediated the relations between agreeableness and extraversion, and volunteering. Furthermore, as agreeableness decreased, extraversion was more strongly related to prosocial value motivation to …
Measurement Equivalence Of The Center For Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale For Latino And Anglo Adolescents: A National Study, Lisa J. Crockett, Brandy A. Randall, Yuh-Ling Shen, S T. Russell, Anne K. Driscoll
Measurement Equivalence Of The Center For Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale For Latino And Anglo Adolescents: A National Study, Lisa J. Crockett, Brandy A. Randall, Yuh-Ling Shen, S T. Russell, Anne K. Driscoll
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The cross-ethnic measurement equivalence of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; L. S. Radloff, 1977) was examined using a subsample of adolescents (N = 10,691) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, Configural and metric invariance, as well as functional and scalar equivalence, were examined for Anglo American, Mexican American, Cuban American, and Puerto Rican American youths age 12-18 years. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in each group provided evidence of configural invariance for European and Mexican American adolescents but not for Cuban and Puerto Rican youths. A 2-group CFA for Anglo and Mexican Americans demonstrated partial metric …
Power And The Creation Of Patronizing Environments: The Stereotype-Based Behaviors Of The Powerful And Their Effects On Female Performance In Masculine Domains, Theresa Vescio, Sarah J. Gervais, Mark Snyder, Ann Hoover
Power And The Creation Of Patronizing Environments: The Stereotype-Based Behaviors Of The Powerful And Their Effects On Female Performance In Masculine Domains, Theresa Vescio, Sarah J. Gervais, Mark Snyder, Ann Hoover
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This work tested the following hypothesis: When powerful men stereotype their female subordinates in masculine domains, they behave in patronizing ways that affect the performance of their subordinates. Experiment 1 examined the stereotyping tendencies and patronizing behaviors of the powerful. Findings revealed that powerful men who stereotyped their female subordinates (i.e., those who were weakness focused) gave female subordinates few valued resources but much praise. In Experiment 2, low-power participants received resources (valued or devalued positions) and praise (high or low) from a powerful man. Subordinates who were assigned to a devalued position but received high praise (i.e., the patronizing …
Developmental Stability And Change In Self-Regulation From Childhood To Adolescence, Marcela Raffaelli, Lisa Crockett, Yuh-Ling Shen
Developmental Stability And Change In Self-Regulation From Childhood To Adolescence, Marcela Raffaelli, Lisa Crockett, Yuh-Ling Shen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The authors examined the developmental course of self-regulation in a cohort of children from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The longitudinal sample included 646 children (48% girls; 52% boys; 36.2% Black, 23.4% Hispanic, 40.4% White) who were 4 to 5 years old in 1986 and who were followed up at ages 8 to 9 and ages 12 to 13. Levels of self-regulation (assessed with 12 maternal-report items that measured regulation of affect, behavior, attention) increased from early childhood (when sample children were 4 or 5 years old) to middle childhood (ages 8 or 9), but not from middle childhood …
Introduction: Moral Development Study In The 21st Century, Carolyn P. Edwards, Gustavo Carlo
Introduction: Moral Development Study In The 21st Century, Carolyn P. Edwards, Gustavo Carlo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Questions of right and wrong, good and bad, lawful and unlawful, have been debated by philosophers, theologians, scholars, and ordinary people since ancient times. The moral domain represents humanity's answers to three questions: What is the right thing to do? How is the best state of affairs achieved? What qualities make for a good person? However, the scientific investigation of the moral life has a much shorter intellectual history than does philosophical and religious reflection; nevertheless, it is not new. Moral development theory and research emerged as a critical topic over 100 years ago, at the beginning of the 20th …
Association Between A Dopamine-4 Receptor Polymorphism And Blood Pressure, Srijan Sen, Randolph Nesse, Li Sheng, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Lillian Gleiberman, Margit Burmeister, Alan B. Weder
Association Between A Dopamine-4 Receptor Polymorphism And Blood Pressure, Srijan Sen, Randolph Nesse, Li Sheng, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Lillian Gleiberman, Margit Burmeister, Alan B. Weder
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Background: Dopamine receptor genes are candidates for hypertension susceptibility. Locally released dopamine increases renal sodium excretion, and defective renal dopamine receptor signaling has been shown to play a role in hypertension. Dopamine-4 receptors are expressed in juxtaglomerular and cortical collecting cells, where dopamine activation could alter sodium and water metabolism and affect blood pressure (BP). The dopamine-4 receptor (DRD4) gene has a 16 amino acid (48 base pairs [bp]) repeat polymorphism located in exon 3 where a G-protein binding area is encoded. The long allele (defined as at least one 7 to 10 repeat) has been associated with the personality …
Parental Responsibility Statutes: An Organization And Policy Implications, Eve M. Brank, Stephanie Carsten Kucera, Stephanie A. Hays
Parental Responsibility Statutes: An Organization And Policy Implications, Eve M. Brank, Stephanie Carsten Kucera, Stephanie A. Hays
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
We find ourselves at a confusing time in the history of juvenile justice. As a nation, we are transferring children into an adult system at a greater rate than we have ever seen before. Public response urges that juveniles be locked away not only to punish them, but also to keep the public safe. The public views these delinquent children as a threat and something to fear. Legislators respond to the public fear with more liberal transfer options into the adult system and punitive juvenile sanctions within the juvenile system. If a juvenile escapes transfer into the adult system, then …
Relationship Between Parent Satisfaction Regarding Partnerships With Professionals And Age Of Child, Jean Ann Summers, Lesa Hoffman, Janet Marquis, Ann Turnbull, Denise Poston
Relationship Between Parent Satisfaction Regarding Partnerships With Professionals And Age Of Child, Jean Ann Summers, Lesa Hoffman, Janet Marquis, Ann Turnbull, Denise Poston
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
In the past, the assessment of families’ satisfaction with the quality of their partnerships with the professionals who serve their children has been restricted to specific programs or age groups, precluding investigation of the relationship between parents’ perspectives on satisfaction and the importance of partnership components for children at different ages. Differences in policies, service models, and family needs at different life-cycle stages suggest a need to understand how satisfaction might differ among parents of children of different ages. In this study, 147 parents completed the Beach Center Family-Professional Partnership Scale to describe the perceived importance of and satisfaction with …
Heartland Forgiveness Scale, Laura Yamhure Thompson, C. R. Snyder, Lesa Hoffman
Heartland Forgiveness Scale, Laura Yamhure Thompson, C. R. Snyder, Lesa Hoffman
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Abstract from: Thompson, L. Y., Snyder, C. R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S. T., Rasmussen, H. N., Billings, L. S., Heinze, L., Neufeld, J. E., Shorey, H. S., Roberts, J. C, & Roberts, D. E. (2005). Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of Personality 73: 313-359. Six studies regarding forgiveness are presented. The Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), a self-report measure of dispositional forgiveness (with subscales to assess forgiveness of self, others, and situations) was developed and demonstrated good psychometric properties. Forgiveness correlated positively with cognitive flexibility, positive affect, and distraction; it correlated negatively with rumination, vengeance, and hostility. Forgiveness …
First Documentation Of Combinatorial Song Syntax In A Suboscine Passerine Species, Daniel Leger
First Documentation Of Combinatorial Song Syntax In A Suboscine Passerine Species, Daniel Leger
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Birds with songs having two or more acoustically distinct elements can arrange them either rigidly (i.e., in the same sequence) or flexibly. Flexible song syntax can be achieved either by varying the number of repetitions of elements or by combining elements in different ways. Combinatorial syntax has been documented only in the songs of oscine passerines and in one nonpasserine, but not in the suboscine passerines. Dawn and day songs of a tyrant flycatcher, the Flammulated Attila (Attila flammulatus), were recorded in Costa Rica. Flexible syntax was noted in both dawn and day song. Attilas not only varied …
Cooperative Brains: Psychological Constraints On The Evolution Of Altruism, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Marc D. Hauser
Cooperative Brains: Psychological Constraints On The Evolution Of Altruism, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Marc D. Hauser
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Imagine an individual called "hunter" that expends a good deal of energy to capture a gazelle. As the hunter is consuming his small prey, a second individual called "recipient" approaches and begins feeding peacefully alongside the hunter. A few weeks later the roles reverse, such that the previous recipient has now captured a gazelle, and the previous hunter is taking advantage of the recipient's hard work. Could the hunter and recipient be Maasai warriors? Is it equally likely that they are common chimpanzees, African lions, or Nile crocodiles? All of these species hunt gazelle and live in groups, so why …
Evolving The Psychological Mechanisms For Cooperation, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Fiery A. Cushman, Marc D. Hauser
Evolving The Psychological Mechanisms For Cooperation, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Fiery A. Cushman, Marc D. Hauser
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Cooperation is common across nonhuman animal taxa, from the hunting of large game in lions to the harvesting of building materials in ants. Theorists have proposed a number of models to explain the evolution of cooperative behavior. These ultimate explanations, however, rarely consider the proximate constraints on the implementation of cooperative behavior. Here we review several types of cooperation and propose a suite of cognitive abilities required for each type to evolve. We propose that several types of cooperation, though theoretically possible and functionally adaptive, have not evolved in some animal species because of cognitive constraints. We argue, therefore, that …
Mixed Methods Research Designs In Counseling Psychology, William E. Hanson, John W. Creswell, Vicki L. Plano Clark, Kelly S. Petska, J. David Creswell
Mixed Methods Research Designs In Counseling Psychology, William E. Hanson, John W. Creswell, Vicki L. Plano Clark, Kelly S. Petska, J. David Creswell
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
With the increased popularity of qualitative research, researchers in counseling psychology are expanding their methodologies to include mixed methods designs. These designs involve the collection, analysis, and integration of quantitative and qualitative data in a single or multiphase study. This article presents an overview of mixed methods research designs. It defines mixed methods research, discusses its origins and philosophical basis, advances steps and procedures used in these designs, and identifies 6 different types of designs. Important design features are illustrated using studies published in the counseling literature. Finally, the article ends with recommendations for designing, implementing, and reporting mixed methods …