Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Pharmacy Admissions: The Dating Game, Travis Mentch, Aaron Oliver, Joel Sanvee, Godfred Atta-Effa, Maame Debrah-Pinamang, Monica Saad, Aleda Chen, Stephanie M. Cailor, Kate Ford

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Abstract:

Background:

According to the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, as of July 2015, there are 132 US-based colleges and schools of pharmacy. The decision on which school students choose can be one of the most important decisions they will make in their lives. Many factors can affect these decisions, such as: curricular content, location/facilities, finances, and diversity. Although there are many factors that impact student decisions, the relative importance of these factors is unknown. This project will determine the importance of these factors in order to aid school recruitment.

Objectives:

The objective of this project is to determine …

The Impact Of A Flipped Classroom Compared To Lecture-Based Teaching On Achieving Course Outcomes, Victoria Bumgardner, Caleb Tang, Jasmine Gunti, Akwasi Appiah, Melissa J. Beck

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Education is one of the most vital components that compose a modern society and as such, its improvement and optimization is always sought. This study investigates the efficacy between two learning methods in a graduate level biochemistry course: complete active learning and a hybrid of active and passive learning. Active learning is one method of achieving course outcomes with an emphasis on student responsibility through self-studying of course material followed by classroom discussion. In comparison, passive learning emphasizes instructor responsibility through didactic lecturing of course material. The aftermath results following a hybrid form of active and passive learning (in-class didactic …

Herb-Drug Interaction Of Andrographolide On The Pharmacokinetics Of Carbamazepine In Rats, Elizabeth Aziz, Samuel Franklin, Ankit Pandav, Abigail Savino, Caleb Thompson, Caleb Vandyke, Ruth Choi, Elisha R. Injeti

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Objective: To determine if andrographolide (AND) impacts the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine (CBZ).

Background: CBZ is an anticonvulsant medication that is metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. AND is an over-the-counter medication that is common in Eastern cultures to treat inflammation and is a CYP enzyme inhibitor. Because CBZ is metabolized in the liver by these specific CYP enzymes, coadministration of andrographolide and CBZ could result in a herb-drug interaction.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (N=12) aged between 3 months and 6 months (250-350 g) will be split into control (N=6) and treatment (N=6) groups. The treatment group will receive …

A Systematic Review Of The Cost-Effectiveness Of Chemotherapy Regimens, Nicholas Rudy, Hannah Chittenden, David Fisher, Abigail Moon, Lia G. Hickinbotham, Emily Bruce, Eric Blizzard, Aleda Chen, Chelsea Manion

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Background

The rising cost of chemotherapy dramatically increases the burden on healthcare and presents new challenges in achieving optimal patient outcomes. New treatments, in general, are more specialized but show minor progress in regards to efficacy. Accordingly, the threat of overpaying for chemotherapy regimens has increased. There is a need for a comprehensive review to compile relevant studies in order to inform clinician decisions on the basis of cost-effectiveness and quality of life.

Objectives

Therefore, the aim of this project is to assess the cost-effectiveness of anticancer medications with a special focus on the quality of life of patients undergoing …

College Student Awareness Of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, Micah F. Bernard, Kale Hanavan, Vineeta Rao, Jacob Shaffer, Katherine Woodard, Dominic Yeboah, Phillip L. Thornton

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) results from women drinking alcohol during pregnancy. This objective of this project is to assess college students’ awareness of FASDs and determine if education improves self-reported attitudes towards drinking while pregnant or when pregnancy is possible. Previously conducted studies have equipped healthcare professionals to provide education to at-risk mothers and to intervene in pregnant mothers. However, little research has been done on informing those who are not yet pregnant but who may become pregnant about this disease and its prevention. This study will attempt to address this gap by targeting college students, a population usually …

The Different Artificial Sweeteners And Their Effects On Endothelial Cell/Blood Vessel Health: Possible Implications For Ringing In The Ear, Morgan R. Bailey, Jessica A. Ward, Belinda O. Darkwah, Brandon L. Spears, Casey A. Nelson, Myriam E. Shaw Ojeda, Rocco J. Rotello

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Abstract:

Background:

Tinnitus, a condition whose remarkable symptom is ringing in the ear (RIE), is a problem plaguing people all around the world in varying degrees of severity, though it is most common and severe in older populations. Literature is lacking on its etiology. Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose and treat. Several possible components could play a role in the development of tinnitus including neurological, physiological, traumatic, dietary and vascular factors. No factor has yet been definitively linked to the development of tinnitus. Vascular health can be significantly impacted by diet- especially in regard to sugars. As artificial sweeteners …

Reducing Perineal Tears: The Effect Of Pushing Methods And Length Of 2nd Stage Of Labor, Kristen A. Mohre, Jessica A. Wall, Chien-Yueh Lee

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Objective: To evaluate the current literature evidence for the effects of either instructed or spontaneous pushing on perineal laceration incidence during delivery and the duration of second stage of labor.

Background: Lacerations (tears) of the perineum are common among women during delivery, increasing pain, infection risk, and other problems for women. Furthermore, prolonged second stage of labor has been shown a risk factor for lacerations. Pushing methods could have an effect on the incidence of lacerations and duration of second stage of labor.

Methods: Thorough search of online databases for the highest levels of evidence relating to the topic within …

Perceptions Of Marijuana Use Among Adolescents, Kofi Amoah, James Baffoe, Katherine Distel, Matt Madden, Jordan Thomas, Insang Yang

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Background

The United States federal government has been discouraging use of marijuana for decades. Prior to 1970, the federal regulation of marijuana use was through taxes. In 1970, marijuana use was deemed a criminal offense, and overrode any states that considered it legal. In 2012, Colorado and Washington were the first two states to legalize marijuana for recreational use. A study found adolescent use was 8.68% higher in states allowing medical marijuana and had a significantly lower perception of risks associated with marijuana use (6.94%).

Objectives

To determine if an educational program about the effects of marijuana use can negatively …

Medication Reconciliation Of Medically-Complex Emergency Department Patients By Second-Year Professional Pharmacy Students, Lauren Haines, Neal S. Fox, Rachel Bull, Jeb Ballentine, Zachary Jenkins

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

ABSTRACT:

Background: There is a high potential for medication discrepancies to occur during patient care transitions. However, health professionals must find ways to reduce these and improve patient care, such as with medication reconciliation. This intervention is used to identify a patient’s most accurate medication list by comparing the medical record to another list obtained from the patient, hospital, or other provider. Pharmacists have a major role in this process because of their medicinal expertise, but paying them is expensive, so using students may be more cost-effective. Research has examined fourth-year professional pharmacy students (P4s) performing medication reconciliation …

Assessing Patient Adherence And Satisfaction: Clinical Services Beyond The Pharmacy Counter, Thaddeus Franz, Bryan Feldmann, Colin J. Behm, Danielle Grear, Jeremy Flikkema

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Medication adherence is a bigger problem than many of us are willing to admit. If patients do not take their medications as prescribed, they will not get the full therapeutic benefits and will put themselves at risk if serious harm. An estimated 125,000 deaths occur in the United States annually due to non-adherence. The objective of this study is to establish a pharmacy intervention model that best provides patient satisfaction and improved medication adherence through the use of home visits and follow-up calls by pharmacists and pharmacy interns at Clark’s Pharmacy. In order to do this, patients receiving home visits …

Azithromycin Use In Upper Respiratory Infection, Charles D. Snyder, Sarah Winey, Scarlet Lau, Ryley Uber, Mouhannad Saad, Rebecca Widder, Douglas Anderson

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Antibiotic resistance is a problem that is growing worldwide. Misuse and overprescribing of antibiotics leads to a rise in pathogens that are resistant to the conventional drugs prescribed, causing increases in morbidity and mortality rates. Antibiotic resistance occurs when microbes still survive despite the presence of an antibiotic. The remaining microbes grow in strength and multiply until there is a population that are now resistant to treatment. One such treatment is azithromycin, an antibiotic often prescribed for upper respiratory tract infections (URI). A URI is any infection of the respiratory tract from the nasal cavities to the larynx that can …

Assessing Student Empathy For Hemodialysis Patients, Stephanie M. Cailor, Logan Conkey, Laura K. Farleman, Rachel M. Wilcox, Emily M. Laswell

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Hemodialysis is a treatment process utilized by kidney patients to filter their blood. These patients are required to undergo an intensive regimen including hemodialysis treatments multiple times per week lasting 3-5 hours each. As a result of hemodialysis, patients experience decreased autonomy, freedom, and independence. An estimated 50% of these patients do not adhere to their treatment regimen. Patients on hemodialysis may be more compliant to their treatment if they are satisfied with the level of care and empathy they perceive from their healthcare providers. Currently there is no literature measuring empathy levels of healthcare professionals or students towards patients …

Gmo Vs. Non-Gmo: Comparing The Addictiveness Of Corn In Rats, Aric Carroll, Sara L. Hill, Kelly A. Huston, Tyler Michael, Courtney Noll, Melissa J. Beck, Ginger D. Cameron

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) refer to organisms whose DNA has been altered to produce a certain characteristic. GMOs account for a significant proportion of the crops produced in the United States. Specifically, GMO corn accounted for approximately 88% of all corn grown for human and animal consumption in the year 2012. Previously conducted studies have not uniformly demonstrated the safe use of GMO corn, and no studies have been conducted analyzing the addictiveness of GMO corn.

The idea of addiction refers to more than just a physical dependence, but to a psychological dependence on something as well. It is sometimes …

Community Education On Mtm Services, Kristin Lessig, Lindsay Mailloux, Jacob Davis, Samantha Smolinski, Stephen Yeboah, Aleda M.H. Chen, Thaddeus T. Franz, Ginger D. Cameron, Jenna Lawhead

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Abstract

Background

Medication nonadherence, defined as “the number of doses not taken or taken incorrectly that jeopardizes the patient’s therapeutic outcome,” is a major health problem with about 43% of the general population nonadherent to their medications. Medication nonadherence accounts for an estimated 125,000 deaths per year in the US, 33-69% of medication-related hospital readmissions, and an estimated $100 to $300 billion in direct and indirect medical costs. Medication therapy management (MTM), defined as “a distinct service or group of services that optimize therapeutic outcomes for individual patients,” has been found to reduce medication nonadherence. However, many individuals eligible for …

A Measure Of The Amount Of Vitamin K Leached Out From Cooked Greens In Potlicker, Douglas Anderson, Kara Bobka, Matthew Johnson, Chelsea Manion, Samuel Tesfaye, Rebecca Widder, Joshua Willoughby

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Vitamin K, a fat-soluble vitamin synthesized by plants, is found in large quantities within green leafy vegetables, such as collard, mustard, turnip and spinach. These greens are commonly cooked with fat to enhance flavor. The vitamin K in these greens can leach out during cooking into the liquid portion of the pot, which is referred to as potlicker. Vitamin K activates clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X,), which can lead to the formation of a thromboembolism (blood clot). People at a higher risk of forming blood clots are often prescribed warfarin, an anti-coagulant that acts as a competitive inhibitor …

Evaluating The Bioavailability Of Carbamazepine Using A Novel Snedds Formulation, Jinwon Byun, Derrick L. Chapman, Rebecca A. Kyper, Gina M. Mattes, Zachary A. Wallace, Elisha R. Injeti

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Central to the mechanism of how drugs work are the concepts of solubility and bioavailability. Drugs enter the body via absorption into the bloodstream, arrive at the target location, and bind to receptors to cause an effect. Drugs need to be soluble enough to pass through the cell membrane to enter and exit the bloodstream. Higher solubility generally correlates to higher bioavailability. Additionally, the smaller the particle size, the easier the drug will pass through the membrane into the blood plasma. Researchers have designed a system to categorize solubility class: Class I being high permeability and high solubility, Class II …

The Impact Of Free Health Screenings At Community Pharmacies On Diabetes, Anna M. Smith, Nicholas C. Daniels, Jessica E. Amtower, Jeniffer George, Jacques N. Allou, Jeb Ballentine, Emily M. Laswell

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Title: The Impact of Free Health Screenings at Community Pharmacies on Diabetes

Authors: Jacques Allou, Jessica Amtower, Nicholas Daniels, Jeniffer George, Anna Smith, Jeb Ballentine, Pharm.D., and Emily Laswell, Pharm.D.

Background: Health screenings can be beneficial when looking to detect diseases early on, thus making treatment easier. Free health screenings are typically performed in the community pharmacy setting. This makes it convenient because it is easily accessible and there is no appointment required. Diabetes is currently one of the most significant health issues faced today, with an estimated 7 million Americans going undiagnosed. Health screenings in community pharmacies are valuable …

Effectiveness Of Clinical Scenarios In Improving Student Interprofessional Skills And Attitudes, Ashley Peterson, Mike Pelyhes, Laura Cummings, Phillip L. Thornton, Zachary N. Jenkins

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Background: “Interprofessional education (IPE) is defined as the process by which individuals from two or more health professions learn with, from, and about each other across the spectrum of their education to improve collaboration, practice, and the quality of health care.” [1] Interprofessional Education has recently gained interest as an important aspect of training in healthcare professions, attracting the attention and support of several key pharmacy organizations. Various models of IPE have been implemented to facilitate collaboration among medical, nursing, pharmacy, and social work students and professionals. One model found to be particularly effective among pharmacy students is a mock …

Natural Products As Therapeutic Agents In Cancer Treatment, Eric Huseman, Lauren P. Williams, Brittany Santee, Trevor Stump, Chelsae Ward, Rachel Kunze, Denise S. Simpson, Samson Amos

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Cancer accounts for 25% of deaths in the United States, and brain tumors greatly contribute to this percentage. However, relative to other types of cancers, brain tumors prove difficult to treat because they are heterogeneous, highly proliferative, highly invasive, and resistant to the traditional cancer treatments of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Past studies have shown that flavonoids and curcuminoids, two classes of compounds derived from natural sources, are effective in inhibiting the development and metastasis of breast and lung cancer cells. Research has also indicated that these compounds have potential for treating brain tumors.

The purpose of this research is to …

Access To Healthy Foods Across America, Aaron D. Le Poire, Ginger D. Cameron, Heather Evankow, Andrea Bashore, Jacob Farran, Jesse Hickey

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Research indicates that individuals who have access to healthy food tend to eat healthier. Food environments that do not have access to healthy food have been shown to be a leading cause of obesity in the United States. Major health consequences of obesity include cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke, high cholesterol, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, and some cancers. The availability of healthy foods can be determined by median household income, with income levels being shown to affect access to healthy foods in local areas. However, no study has shown if this phenomenon is prevalent across the United States. Our …

The Pivotal Role Of The Pharmacist In A Primary Care Office, Julie Cummings, Olumami O. Amaye, Mckenzie Shenk, Cara Toms, Nathanael Smith, Thaddeus T. Franz, Tracy R. Frame

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Abstract

The profession of pharmacy has evolved from a dispensing role to an interdisciplinary clinical role in patient care. One area of patient care expertise is Medication Therapy Management (MTM), which includes services such as pharmacotherapy, medication therapy reviews, disease management, immunizations and other clinical services. In various studies, pharmacists conducting MTM have shown improved patient outcomes in community pharmacy and hospital settings. Amidst the valuable services all healthcare professionals are providing, increasing medical costs and consequences have become overwhelming, leading to negative patient outcomes. A lack of primary care physicians (PCPs) may contribute to these distressing facts. Gaps in …

Pharmacist Empathy In Smoking Cessation Counseling, Caleb Lyman, Megan Mcnicol, Maria Miller, Yevgeniy Solokha, Kelly J. Wright, Aleda M.H. Chen

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction are prevalent in today’s society. Approximately 19% of American adults (43.8 million people) smoke cigarettes. Smoking is associated with health risks such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), infertility, low birth weight, respiratory symptoms, heart disease, and lung cancer and is responsible for roughly $96 billion in health care costs. Provider empathy has been proven effective in other treatments like cold and cancer; however, its effectiveness in smoking cessation has not yet been studied. Empathy is defined in two realms: cognitive and affective. In the cognitive domain, individuals have the ability to understand and view …

Efficacy Of Marketing Strategy For Reach Vitamins, Jessica Davis, Jordan Long, Megan Buck, Paul Bicknell, Melody L. Hartzler

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

According to the 2009 Global Report, Vitamin A supplementation in children reduces the death rate by 23% in populations at risk of deficiency. REACH Vitamins is a for-profit business that provides a one-year supply of vitamin A to children in underprivileged countries for each bottle of vitamins A, B, C, D, or the multivitamin purchased. The primary objective of this exploratory, qualitative study is to determine if there is a more appropriate marketing strategy for REACH Vitamins compared to the current marketing strategy used. The secondary objective is to determine if REACH Vitamins’ charity motivates consumers to purchase their products. …

Content Uniformity Of Over-The-Counter Melatonin, Calvin Anderson, Lauren Callahan, Jacob Coleman, Yeseul Kim, Elizabeth C. Ledbetter, Rebecca Widder, Melissa J. Beck

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Dietary supplements are loosely regulated in comparison to over-the-counter and prescription drugs. Numerous tests for safety and efficacy are required before drugs can be marketed. However, the Food and Drug Administration does not require thorough examination of supplements before they are sold. Dietary supplements generally adhere to the phrase, “safe, until proven unsafe,” with safety determined solely through post-market adverse event reports. Substandard regulation of supplement manufacturing leads to warranted doubt about the safety and efficacy of dietary supplements. Within the dietary supplement market there are regulatory bodies, such as the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), that provide optional verification services …

Development Of A Novel Aspirin Suppository Formulation And Evaluation Of The Acetylation Of Cox-1 Via A Ht-29/Caco-2 Cell Absorption Assay Used To Detect The Absorption Of Aspirin Formulated With Various Bases And Excipients, Tiffany J. Zehel, Danielle L. Eaton, Sarah A. Myers, Mallory J. Martin, Joseph D. Newman, Rocco J. Rotello, Miriam A. Ansong

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

As the baby-boomer population ages, hospitalization rates will rise, increasing the number of patients who are NPO. Research indicates that aspirin use also increases with advanced age. With the increased prevalence of this demographic, there continues to be a growing need for alternative dosage forms for aspirin administration. A common and limited-risk alternative is rectally administered aspirin. However, there appears to be only one commercially available aspirin suppository and it has yielded erratic results as shown in previous research.

Aspirin is considered a pro-drug; once it is inside the body, the acidic environment cleaves the aspirin molecule down to salicylic …

Effects Of Physical Stress And Maturational Changes On Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis Function Through Cortisol Analysis, Amy Granger, Allison Henry, Lauren Lilliencrantz, Amanda Smith, Paul Srnis, William Van Schepen, Elisha R. Injeti

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Cortisol is a versatile hormone that possesses both catabolic and anabolic functions in the body, such as increasing the blood glucose levels through gluconeogenesis and metabolizing carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.1234 Cortisol levels are controlled by communication of the hyptothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axix (HPA axis). Plasma concentration of cortisol adheres to a diurnal rhythm, meaning that cortisol levels are highest in the morning and taper off throughout the day.

Asthma Knowledge, Adherence, And Administration Techniques In Hispanic Caregivers Of Pediatrics, Joshua Arnold, Rachel Culp, Kyle Hultz, Benjamin Robertson, Jon Wilkie, Amy Wuobio, Marty L. Eng, Kelly J. Hiteshew

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

7.5% of Hispanics in the United States suffer from asthma-related diseases, and Latino children are not as likely to use preventative asthma medications as compared with Caucasians. Educational interventions may reduce the number of visits to emergency-care. The reasons for non-adherence are currently unknown, and discovering these reasons will help to address the problem.

The Effectiveness Of Lactated Ringers Solution Versus Normal Saline, Danis Davis, Sara Kochanowski

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

In this review of literature we aim to determine which crystalloid solution would be the most beneficial and safe for patients experiencing shock due to hemorrhage and patients undergoing organ transplant or repair. The choice of crystalloid solutions, such as Lactated Ringer’s solution or Normal Saline is under debate as to which should be used during specific scenarios to achieve safe fluid administration.

A Pharmacogenomic And Protein Analysis Of Human Lacrimal Fluid In Varying Age Groups, Jayson M. Brewin, Daniel C. James, Neil B. Klinger, Jenna G. Lawhead, Nathaniel J. Luce, Lindsay N. Florkey, Rocco J. Rotello

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Proteins are large biological molecules located within all cells. They are considered the basic functional components of cells that allow them to operate appropriately. Genes consist of both DNA and RNA, and are the cellular components that code for the proteins. A biomarker is any cellular component that is an indication of a biological state. Therefore, genetic and protein biomarkers are specific genes and proteins, respectively, present in cells that indicate a specific biological state of a cell. Identification of proteins and genetic biomarkers in relative quantities has been found to reflect various disease states and age groups in humans. …

Health Literacy In Community Pharmacy, Sarah Anderson, Cassie Brownfield-Wilson, Kelly Madden, Lindsay Tarleton, Joe Zerka, Aleda M.H. Chen

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

48% of English-speaking patients are unable to obtain, process, understand, and utilize health information, and 30-50% of patients do not correctly adhere to their medications. The combination of chronic disease, poor heath literacy, and poor medication adherence lead to increased health costs and hospitalization