Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

At-Risk And Problem Gambling In Families - Finnish Population-Based Study With Register-Linkage, Tiina Latvala

International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking

Families of problem gamblers experience harms, however, there are no population level estimates as to how many families in Finland are exposed to at-risk and problem gambling (ARPG) of a family member. The study analyzed data from Finnish Gambling 2019, a nationally representative study with register linkage, to derive how many families are exposed to ARPG of a family member. It also examined whether the exposing to ARPG of a family member would be more common among low-income families or in families that had received social assistance.

The results showed that 9% of families were exposed to at-risk gambling (ARG) …

Assessing The Testability Of The Multi-Theory Model (Mtm) In Predicting Vaping Quitting Behavior Among Young Adults In The United States: A Cross-Sectional Survey, Manoj Sharma, Kavita Batra, Ravi Batra, Chia-Liang Dai, Traci Hayes, Melinda J. Ickes, Tejinder Pal Singh

Social & Behavioral Health Faculty Publications

Purpose: Given the increased exposure to e-cigarettes and nicotine among young adults, difficulty in quitting vaping is likely, which supports the need for effective behavioral interventions. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aims to assess the testability of the contemporary multi-theory model of health behavior change in predicting the vaping quitting behavior among young adults in the United States. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 619 young adults engaged in vaping behavior and aged 18–24 years was recruited to complete a 49-item web-based survey. A structural equation model was used to test relationships between MTM constructs. Hierarchical multiple regression was utilized to …

Representation Of Racial/ Ethnic Minority Individuals In The Leadership Of Major Medical Journals, Ashlin Rakhra, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Olajide Williams, Deborah Onakomaiya, Bruce Ovbiagele

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Medical journals play an important role in achieving health equity by diversifying their leadership, but there is a dearth of published data on how they are faring. The objective of this study was to assess the proportions of the underrepresented in medicine (UIM) racial/ ethnic minorities in medical journal leadership. We pre-selected 6 prominent general medicine journals, 9 prominent specialty journals, and 5 “control” journals (covering public health, health equity, and bench research), assembled names of all editors/ editorial board members listed on the website-based journal mastheads and used major public internet search engines to obtain information about sex, race, …

Implicit Bias Against Bipoc Patients In Clinical Settings: A Qualitative Review, Raisa Kabir, Sayeda Tazim Zaidi

Spectra Undergraduate Research Journal

Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) from stigmatized and marginalized communities face implicit bias in medicine. Implicit biases are unconscious attitudes and internalized discrimination developed through repeated practices based on stereotypes from a foundation of systematic racism. In clinical settings, it impacts individuals’ healthcare experience and treatment outcomes. This study aimed to characterize and address implicit bias among healthcare providers toward BIPOC patients in clinical settings. A literature search in MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, PsyArticles, PsycINFO from EBSCO databases was conducted to include all peer-reviewed studies (2012-2021) about implicit bias toward BIPOC. Most healthcare providers have some form of implicit bias-positive …

Economic Insecurity As A Risk Factor During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Klaus E. Cavalhieri

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently spreading at a rapid rate worldwide. The current pandemic may have several adverse effects on overall psychological functioning and health behaviors. Economic insecurity, operationalized as financial strain and employment uncertainty, can be a significant risk factor for both psychological outcomes and compliance with shelter-in-place recommendations (i.e., health behaviors). One hundred and twenty four participants answered survey data on economic security, fear of COVID-19, health care system distrust, anxiety, well-being, and compliance with CDC recommendations to curb the spread of COVID-19 (i.e., health behaviors; CDC, 2020). Economic security was significantly associated with well-being, …

An Opportunity To Partner With Community Organizations To Collect Data On Asian Americans, Victoria Wang, Karen Kim

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Background: There is a shortage of health data for Asian American (AA) populations. This shortfall may be improved through the involvement of AA-serving community-based organizations (CBOs).

Objectives: This study assesses the feasibility of and interest among CBOs in creating a AA community-based data registry.

Methods: Leaders of CBOs were interviewed to assess their current data collection framework and their attitudes towards a shared data registry.

Results: Qualitative analysis shows CBOs are active in data collection, find data to be instrumental to their mission, and are interested in contributing to a broader data registry.

Discussion: The inclusion …

The Association Between Cardiovascular Disease Knowledge And Risk Factors Among African American Breast Cancer Survivors In The Deep South, Michelle S. Williams, Chizoba Anyimukwu

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose: African American breast cancer survivors in the Deep South have a disproportionately high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Multiple potentially modifiable CVD risk factors are highly prevalent in this population, such as high blood pressure, obesity, and poor dietary habits. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between CVD health metrics and heart disease knowledge among the target population.

Methods: The Heart Disease Knowledge Questionnaire was used to assess the participants’ knowledge of heart disease and heart disease risk factors. Questions from My Life Check were used to assess the participants cardiovascular health metrics. Multivariate …

A Lung Cancer Screening Personalized Decision-Aid Improves Knowledge And Reduces Decisional Conflict Among A Diverse Population Of Smokers At An Urban Academic Medical Center, Madeline Kaufman, Nilan Schnure, Andrea Nicholson, Frank Leone, Carmen Guerra

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Introduction: Few lung cancer screening decision aids have been tested in diverse populations. The study objective was to determine whether the online decision aid www.shouldiscreen.com impacts knowledge of and decisional conflict around lung cancer screening in a diverse population.

Methods: Eligible patients had significant smoking histories, were at increased risk for lung cancer (ages 45-80, >20 pack-years, smoking within last 15 years) and had no history of prior lung cancer or screening. Data was collected and analyzed in 2017.

Results: 40 patients were enrolled: 80% were female, 62.5% black, 33% white, and 48% had a high school …

Assessment Of Real-World Use Of Behavioral Health Mobile Applications By A Novel Stickiness Metric, Andrew D. Carlo, Reza H. Ghomi Md, Mse, Brenna N. Renn Phd, Michael A. Strong Md, Patricia A. Areán Phd

Psychology Faculty Research

Digital health treatments for individuals with behavioral health problems are increasing rapidly in number.1,2 Studies to date have demonstrated that longitudinal patient engagement is challenging,3,4 making it unlikely for most applications (hereafter, apps) to effect real-world change. In this cross-sectional study, we describe usage patterns of popular mobile behavioral health apps and identify characteristics of those that are most continually accessed (also known as the stickiest),5 with the aim of informing future research on behavioral health app engagement.

The Right To Vote, The Right To Health: Voter Suppression As A Determinant Of Racial Health Disparities, Anna K. Hing

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Civic participation is beneficial to one’s health. Conversely, being unable to participate, such as being unable to vote, may be detrimental for health. Barriers that prevent voting and civic participation, which constitute voter suppression, disproportionately impact people of color. Therefore, voter suppression may explain intractable racial health disparities. However, few studies have examined the connection between voter suppression and health. In consideration of the frequent, and increasing, reports of voter suppression in recent elections, including the rise in voter identification laws, the reduction in early voting opportunities, and the closing of polling places, the field of public health should address …

Factors Contributing To Domestic Violence Among Hindu Asian Indian Immigrant Women In Allegheny County, Pennsylvania: A Feasibility Study, Chelsea Pallatino, Todd Bear, Martha A. Terry

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

While there is research on survivors of domestic violence in India and the United States (U.S.), little is known about the sociocultural factors related to domestic violence among Hindu Asian Indian immigrant women (AIIW) in the U.S. The objectives of this study were to a) test the feasibility of conducting domestic violence research among Hindu AIIW; b) investigate domestic violence prevalence and correlations with other characteristics; and c) test the cultural appropriateness of completed measures on social support, acculturation status, and domestic violence. Over 50% of respondents had experienced abuse, often perpetrated by family. Participants had high levels of social …

A Health Disparity Action Plan: Achieving Equity Through Clinical Trials, Affordable Care, And Professional Development, Daniel Schafer, Shefa Moten, Ayesha Khan, Mauro Ferrari, Boris Lushniak, Edwin Burkett, Asad Moten

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Given the threatened nature of affordable care in the United States, it is crucial to underscore its importance. What is more, the reason such care is so important is the presence of an oft-unacknowledged disparity in access to quality care in this country and, indeed, around the world. A world without health disparities can be achieved and will be characterized by prompt and quality care available to all and at all stages of the care continuum. Further insurance reform is needed beyond the Affordable Care Act, while local care must be more accessible in rural, urban, and other underserved areas. …

Building Health Equity One Institution At A Time: The Research Infrastructure In Minority Institutions Project, Laura H. D'Anna, Dennis G. Fisher, Lyka Eunice F. Trinidad, Carol Canjura, Jefferson L. Wood

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Developing a well-trained workforce interested in, and prepared for, conducting health equity research is an important national priority. Scientists from Minority-Serving Institutions (MSIs) bring unique perspectives and experiences with racial, ethnic and social inequities in health and health status but often lack access to training and mentoring opportunities, which is crucial for increasing the diverse pool of investigators who are adequately prepared to conduct health disparities research and to compete for National Institutes of Health research funding. The focus of the California State University, Long Beach (CSULB) Research Infrastructure in Minority Institutions (RIMI) Project was to: (a) enhance CSULB’s infrastructure …

Prescription Medication Misuse Among American Indians In The Midwestern Us, Charley S. Lewis, Jordyn Gunville, Ryan Goeckner, Brian Chase, Lauren Clark, Jianghua He, Won S. Choi, Christine M. Daley

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Background: Prescription medications, particularly opioids, are often abused rather than used as intended by the prescribing physician. This is well-documented, though little data are available on American Indians. Misuse of other prescription medications is far less documented, but does occur and can have wide-spread effects.

Methods: We used a cross-sectional survey of American Indians in the Midwestern US (N=361) to begin to understand misuse of prescription medications, not necessarily to get high, but for any reason. Participants were recruited for this touchscreen computer-based survey at powwows, health fairs, and other community events through a convenience sample. We asked questions …

The Privilege Of Healthy Eating: A Qualitative Study Exploring The Local Food Choices Of Low-Income Families From Appalachia, Iryna Sharaievska Dr., Stephanie West Dr., Melissa Weddell Dr.

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Using qualitative semi-structured interviews, 15 low-income women of different ages were asked to discuss their perceptions of healthy eating, local farmers’ markets, as well as their visitation of farmers’ markets. The participants were also asked to share what features of farmers’ markets they found appealing. The results showed that most of the participants had either a deep or moderate understanding of what it means to eat healthy. However, many of them also believed they could improve their own patterns of eating. The data also showed that the low-income women who took part in the study had positive attitudes overall toward …

Impact Of Race And Insurance On Door-To-Appendectomy Time Among Pediatric Patients, Carla M. Lopez, Emily R. Christison-Lagay, Daniel Solomon

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Racial and ethnic disparities in the rate of appendiceal rupture have been widely reported among the pediatric population. The main reasons for this remain largely unknown given that previous explanations pointing to signs of poor health care access have recently been shown to account for only a small percentage of the difference in perforation rates between white and minority children. Because the risk of perforation increases with time, racial disparities in time delay from emergency department presentation to OR appendectomy may help account for the higher appendiceal perforation rates observed among minority children. This is the first study dedicated to …

Hiv Mortality Difference Between Black And White Women, Carlos O. Nesbeth, Rajiv Kandala, Syed Najeeb, Ruksana Nazneen, Banglore Murthy

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

OBJECTIVE

In the United States, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be among the top 10 leading causes of mortality for black women between the ages of 20 and 54¹, but does not rank among the top 10 leading causes of death for white women amongst all age groups^². This study describes the HIV mortality difference between black and white women and formulate hypotheses that may reduce or eliminate disparities.

METHODS

Information was accessed through public data, the US Census, and the US Compressed Mortality File.

RESULTS

In these descriptive data from 1987 through 2015, including reliable HIV …

A Cohort Study Of Public Health Insurance Coverage Loss Among Oregon Adolescents, Heather Angier Mph, Carrie Tillotson Mph, Lorraine Wallace Phd, Miguel Marino Phd, Jean O'Malley Mph, Aleksandra Sumic Mph, Lynn Baker Bsee, Christine Nelson Phd, Rn, Nathalie Huguet Phd, Andrew Suchocki Md, Mph, Heather Holderness Mph, Jennifer E. Devoe Md, Dphil

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Churning on and off and/or experiencing coverage gaps is common among public health insurance recipients. Although the Affordable Care Act (ACA) provisions to extend parental coverage for adolescents transitioning to young adulthood on private insurance plans were implemented in 2010, no such protection was mandated for adolescents with public health insurance.

Methods: Oregon public health insurance enrollment and electronic health record data from community health centers were used to conduct a retrospective, observational cohort study of Oregon adolescents (17-19 years of age) with public coverage [January 1, 2011-December 31, 2013 (n=51,988)] to assess loss. Time-to-event methods determined the …

Intersecting Positions Of Social Disadvantage And Self-Reported Health Status Disparities, Carla S. Alvarado, Chunhuei Chi

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Health disparities along the gender, race and class are particularly important to monitor and study given the predicted differential distribution of health along these social identities. Intersectionality is a theoretical framework that allows public health and health disparities researchers to account for the simultaneous, mutually constitutive, reinforcing and multidimensional effects of gender, class, and race with the aim to better understand health disparities. Disparities along gender, race and class have been noted in self-reported health status (SRHS) which has been shown to be a strong predictive factor of mortality, morbidity and mental health independent of other physiologic, behavioral and psychosocial …

Is Race A Factor In Disparate Health Problems Associated With Violence Against Women?, Gabriel M. Garcia, Marny Rivera

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Research studies examining the health correlates of violence against women have consistently demonstrated associations between violence and poor health outcomes, but have not examined a disparate impact on racial minorities. Alaska Victimization Survey data (2010) was used to examine whether a disparate relationship between victimization and health problems exists for minority women relative to White women. The Alaska Victimization Survey (AVS) is a cross-sectional survey designed to provide baseline estimates of intimate partner and sexual violence for Alaskan women. Logistic regression was used to assess the odds of experiencing various health problems given race and exposure to violence status while …

Racial And Ethnic Health Disparities In Incarcerated Populations, Meghan E. Borysova, Ojmarrh Mitchell, Dawood H. Sultan, Arthur R. Williams

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Alarming disparities in population health and wellness in the United States have led to multi-disciplinary research efforts to create health equity. Identifying disparities, elucidating the etiological bases of disparities, and implementing solutions to eliminate disparities are part of the U.S. national health agenda. Racial and ethnic disparities have been identified throughout the cancer control continuum, in cardiovascular disease, diabetes and a multitude of other conditions. The causes of disparities are complex, condition specific, and conjectured to result from combinations of biological and socio-behavioral factors. Racial and ethnic health disparities within the vast incarcerated communities have been excluded from most studies, …

Perceptions Of Barriers That Inhibit African American Women And Adolescent Girls From Participation In Physical Activity, Sonya Daniels Walker

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This study examined the barriers to leisure time physical activity for African American women and their adolescent daughters. Six mother-daughter dyads were interviewed who have access to physical activity opportunity. Three of the dyads participated in a follow-up focus group. A qualitative research design that utilized a grounded theory approach identified two themes for the women and two themes for the girls. Themes for the women include influence of culture and low physical activity IQ. Sub-themes of influence of culture are (a) hair and (b) body image. Sub-themes of low physical activity IQ are (a) mommy guilt, (b) perception of …

Inside Unlv, Diane Russell, Shane Bevell, David Ashley, Lori Bachand, Grace Russell, Mamie Peers

Inside UNLV

No abstract provided.