Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Angiotensin-Ii Stimulating Vs Inhibiting Antihypertensive Drugs And The Risk Of Alzheimer's Disease Or Related Dementia In A Large Cohort Of Older Patients With Colorectal Cancer, Xianglin L Du, Zhuoyun Li, Paul E Schulz

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Several previous studies showed that patients who received angiotensin II-stimulating antihypertensive medications had a lower incident dementia rate than those angiotensin II-inhibiting antihypertensive users, but no study has been conducted in long-term cancer survivors.

OBJECTIVES: to determine the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementia (ADRD) associated with the types of antihypertensive medications in a large cohort of survivors with colorectal cancer in 2007-2015 with follow-up from 2007 to 2016.

METHODS: We identified 58,699 men and women with colorectal cancer aged 65 or older from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database in 17 SEER areas …

Effectiveness Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Therapeutic Play For Hospitalized Children Diagnosed With Cancer: An Integrative Systematic Review, Dianne Kong

Theses and Dissertations

Psychotherapy provides essential coping mechanisms and strategies for children who are diagnosed with cancer, as they experience the extraordinary burden of physical, emotional, and mental strains. While many medical advancements have been made within the past few decades, progress related to psychotherapy for pediatric cancer patients has not been commensurate, evidenced by the limited current literature. Given the sparsity of relevant research, it is presently difficult to compare and evaluate the various psychotherapeutic interventions available for pediatric oncology patients. Additionally, there are significant challenges in providing psychotherapeutic care for patients and their families, including lack of consistency, disruption of care, …

Testing The Efficacy And Synergistic Components Of Sesamol And Black Rice Extract On Human Colon Cancer Cells, Sera Lim, Philip M. Gerk

Undergraduate Research Posters

Purpose: Systemic treatment of colorectal cancer involves chemotherapeutic agents which elicit serious and negative side effects from the toxicity of the drug. To address this issue, we are testing dietary supplements for their efficacy against human colon cancer cell lines and also their potential synergistic effects when combined with conventional chemotherapy. Dietary supplements (specifically sesamol and black rice extract) exhibit anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and chemo-preventive properties. Meanwhile, one of the cancer resistance mechanisms is the upregulation of drug elimination mechanisms, leading to multi-drug resistance. We hypothesize that dietary compounds will act as chemo-enhancers, thus enhancing potency of the chemotherapy drug(s) on …

Addressing Death Distress In Caregivers Of Patients With Malignant Glioma, Kelcie D. Willis

Theses and Dissertations

The field of psychosocial oncology seeks to improve the quality of life of patients and families affected by cancer. This task becomes increasingly important when there are limited, non-curative treatment options, a high probability of recurrence, and rapid functional decline, such as in the case of a malignant glioma (MG). Indeed, the diagnosis of a MG is associated with negative sequalae that often translates to higher caregiver burden. Caregivers—who must manage the functional decline of the patient, changes within the family, and a complicated medical system—often feel overwhelmed, isolated, and ill-equipped to handle these myriad responsibilities. While they also report …

Characterizing The Effects Of Antiandrogens And Senolytics To Enhance The Therapeutic Response To Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Justin M. Silverman

Theses and Dissertations

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in males and the second most common cause of cancer deaths. Androgen deprivation therapy, whether through surgical or chemical castration, is the mainstay for treatment of advanced prostate cancer; however, despite an initial response, most patients eventually develop a progressive PSA rise, and castration- sensitive prostate cancer gives rise to castration-resistant prostate cancer. The standard of care therapy includes the antiandrogens such as enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate as well as the microtubule poison, docetaxel, and various immunotherapies; however, while prostate cancer research is progressing, there continues to be a compelling need for …

A Learning Health System For Radiation Oncology, Rishabh Kapoor

Theses and Dissertations

The proposed research aims to address the challenges faced by clinical data science researchers in radiation oncology accessing, integrating, and analyzing heterogeneous data from various sources. The research presents a scalable intelligent infrastructure, called the Health Information Gateway and Exchange (HINGE), which captures and structures data from multiple sources into a knowledge base with semantically interlinked entities. This infrastructure enables researchers to mine novel associations and gather relevant knowledge for personalized clinical outcomes.

The dissertation discusses the design framework and implementation of HINGE, which abstracts structured data from treatment planning systems, treatment management systems, and electronic health records. It utilizes …

Molecular Mechanisms Of Prdm16 As A Tumor Suppressor In Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Eric Hurwitz

Theses and Dissertations

The transcription factor Prdm16 functions as a potent suppressor of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b) signaling, whose inactivation is deemed essential to the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Using the Kras^G12D-based mouse model of human PDAC, we surprisingly found that ablating Prdm16 did not block but instead accelerated PDAC formation and progression, suggesting that Prdm16 might function as a tumor suppressor in this malignancy. Subsequent genetic experiments showed that ablating Prdm16 along with Smad4 resulted in a shift from a well-differentiated and confined neoplasm to a highly aggressive and metastatic disease, which was associated with a striking deviation …

Investigation Of The Dyrk1a Regulation By Lzts2-Sipa1l1 Complex, Rebecca Gunnin, Austin Witt B.S., Larisa Litovchick M.D.,Ph.D.

Undergraduate Research Posters

A region on chromosome 21, the Down Syndrome critical region (DSCR), is associated with major defects found in Down Syndrome, such as craniofacial malformations. DYRK1A is a gene found on chromosome 21 within the DSCR that encodes an enzyme, dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A. DYRK1A is known to phosphorylate many substrate proteins and is thought to be involved in tumor suppression, neurological development, cell cycle regulation, and aging. Recently, the Litovchick lab and others reported that DYRK1A also plays a role in the double-strand break repair of DNA, which could lead to mutations and tumorigenesis, if deregulated.

The Litovchick lab …

Optimization Of Orally Bioavailable Inhibitors Of Defective In Cullin Neddylation 1 (Dcn-1), Leah Kovalic

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Ubiquitin (UB) and ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) pathways have emerged as important targets for oncology drug discovery based on the success of proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib or carfilzomib), E3 inhibitors, and the NEDD8 E1 inhibitor pevonedistat (MLN42924). Chemical inhibitors have also proven to be useful probes for identifying and dissecting multifactor UB and UBL regulatory networks. Toward this end, we have pursued approaches to target NEDD8 ligation to Cullins, through developing small molecule inhibitors of DCN1 (defective in Cullin Neddylation 1). DCN1 was discovered as a potentiating RBX1-dependent NEDD8-ligation, through recognizing the acetylated N-terminal methionine of the NEDD8 E2s UBE2M and UBE2F. …

Incidence Trends In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Among Women In The United States From 2010 To 2019 By Race/Ethnicity, Age And Tumor Stage, Xianglin L Du, Zhuoyun Li

Journal Articles

There were substantial ethnic disparities in the incidence rates of triple-negative breast cancer, but few studies were conducted on the incidence trend of triple-negative breast cancer by race/ethnicity. This study aimed to address the longer trends in the incidence of triple-negative breast cancer by race/ethnicity in women from 2010 to 2019, examine the incidence trends by patient age, tumor stage and time periods, and explore the changing proportions of three component receptors over time for triple-negative breast cancer. Our study identified 573,168 women with incident breast cancer at age ≥20 years between 2010 and 2019 in 18 SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, …

The Resurgence Of The Adora2b Receptor As An Immunotherapeutic Target In Pancreatic Cancer, Lincoln N Strickland, Erika Y Faraoni, Wei Ruan, Xiaoyi Yuan, Holger K Eltzschig, Jennifer M Bailey-Lundberg

Journal Articles

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a dense desmoplastic stroma that impedes drug delivery, reduces parenchymal blood flow, and suppresses the anti-tumor immune response. The extracellular matrix and abundance of stromal cells result in severe hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment (TME), and emerging publications evaluating PDAC tumorigenesis have shown the adenosine signaling pathway promotes an immunosuppressive TME and contributes to the overall low survival rate. Hypoxia increases many elements of the adenosine signaling pathway, resulting in higher adenosine levels in the TME, further contributing to immune suppression. Extracellular adenosine signals through 4 adenosine receptors (Adora1, Adora2a, Adora2b, Adora3). Of …

Utilizing Bloodless Medicine To Decrease Infection Rates In Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Literature Review, Samantha Saint Fort

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Aim: To determine if a significant relationship exists between bloodless medicine practices and decreased infection rates in oncology patients following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by performing a literature review.

Background: It is not uncommon for healthcare professionals to encounter Jehovah's Witnesses (JW) seeking medical treatment in the acute care hospital setting and outpatient clinics alike. However, JW's pose a unique challenge to healthcare providers. Their refusal of blood transfusions makes them a population of interest within the medical community. The refusal of blood transfusions also poses a serious challenge to successful treatment in oncology JW patients, and many hospitals will …

The Influence Of Administrative Timing In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatments, Emily Mailloux

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Breast cancer accounts for 25% of all cancers in Canadian women, and 15-20% of these are triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), which have a poorer prognosis than other breast cancer subtypes. TNBC lacks expression of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which are common therapeutic targets in breast cancer. Due to the lack of target therapy, generalized chemotherapy treatments are used instead. The standard of care for treatment of TNBC instead consists of doxorubicin (A), cyclophosphamide (C) paclitaxel (T), and carboplatin (Carbo), that target various aspects of the cell cycle to induce cell …

Visualization And Characterization Of The Immunological Synapse Between Chlorotoxin Chimeric Antigen (Cltx-Car) Redirected T Cells And Targeted Glioblastoma Tumors, Arianna Livi

CMC Senior Theses

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) cells have demonstrated anti-tumor activity against aggressive and invasive cancers such as glioblastoma (GBM); however, clinical response rates remain low in clinical trial studies. Tumor heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment conditions pose significant challenges for treatment of GBM, thus continuous optimization of CAR-T cell therapies and identification of novel, widely expressed, and highly specific GBM antigens are vital to better patient outcomes. A newly developed CAR-T cell construct incorporating chlorotoxin (CLTX) as the targeting domain exhibited broad GBM-targeting capabilities and elicited potent cytotoxic effects during preclinical studies and is currently being tested in a phase I …

Using Implementation Mapping To Increase Uptake And Use Of Salud En Mis Manos: A Breast And Cervical Cancer Screening And Hpv Vaccination Intervention For Latinas, Lara S Savas, Preena Loomba, Ross Shegog, Angelita Alaniz, Crystal Costa, Emily Adlparvar, Marlyn A Allicock, Roshanda Chenier, Margaret Goetz, Christine M Markham, Maria E Fernandez

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Despite CDC recommendations for breast and cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination, cancer control behaviors are underutilized among low-income Latinas.

METHODS: We used Implementation Mapping to create SEMM-Dissemination and Implementation Assistance (SEMM-DIA), a set of implementation strategies designed to support implementation and maintenance of SEMM in clinic settings. Specifically, we used Implementation Mapping's five iterative tasks to guide the use of theories and frameworks, evidence, new data, and stakeholder input to develop strategies to accelerate and improve implementation fidelity, reach, and maintenance of the SEMM intervention. The resulting implementation mapping logic model also guides the SEMM-DIA evaluation plan to …

Revisiting Exclusion Of Prior Cancer In Clinical Trials Of Male Breast Cancer, Aniruddha Rathod, Caitlin C Murphy, Asal Rahimi, Sandi L Pruitt

Journal Articles

Background: Eligibility criteria for cancer clinical trials present challenges to enrollment. Many trials exclude patients with a prior cancer. This common practice may be especially detrimental to trials of rare cancers, such as male breast cancer, that struggle to accrue adequate numbers of participants. Objectives: to estimate prevalence of prior cancer among men newly diagnosed with breast cancer and describe characteristics of men with prior cancer compared to those without. Methods: We identified men diagnosed with breast cancer between 2011-2015 using population-based data from National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of cancer registries. We used sequence number …

Do Breast Cancer Survivors With A Recent History Of Clinical Depression Report Worse Experiences With Care? A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Seer-Cahps Data, Mariana Arevalo, Trevor A Pickering, Sally W Vernon, Kayo Fujimoto, Melissa F Peskin, Albert J Farias

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: We examined whether breast cancer survivors' experiences with care differed by a recent history of clinical depression, and whether associations differed by race/ethnicity.

METHODS: Using the Epidemiology and End Results-Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (SEER-CAHPS) dataset, we analyzed records of breast cancer survivors who completed a survey at least 12 months after their cancer diagnosis. We assessed clinical depression 12 months prior to survey completion using Medicare claims. We used separate multivariable logistic regressions to examine the associations between depression and excellent (vs. less than excellent) ratings of experiences with care (i.e., doctor communication, getting needed care, …

Age-Induced Changes In Anti-Tumor Immunity Alter The Tumor Immune Infiltrate And Impact Response To Immuno-Oncology Treatments, Suzanne I Sitnikova, Jennifer A Walker, Laura B Prickett, Michelle Morrow, Viia E Valge-Archer, Matthew J Robinson, Robert W Wilkinson, Simon J Dovedi

Journal Articles

INTRODUCTION: Immuno-oncology (IO) research relies heavily on murine syngeneic tumor models. However, whilst the average age for a cancer diagnosis is 60 years or older, for practical purposes the majority of preclinical studies are conducted in young mice, despite the fact that ageing has been shown to have a significant impact on the immune response.

METHODS: Using aged (60-72 weeks old) mice bearing CT26 tumors, we investigated the impact of ageing on tumor growth as well as the immune composition of the tumor and peripheral lymphoid organs.

RESULTS: We found many differences in the immune cell composition of both the …

Nurse-Administered Auricular Point Acupressure For Cancer-Related Pain, Barb Van De Castle, Nada Lukkahatai, Bsn Lynn Billing, Xinran Huang, Hulin Wu, Jingyu Zhang, Salahadin Abdi, Jun Kameoka, Thomas J Smith

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: The study aimed to (1) examine the feasibility of providing a training course on auricular point acupressure (APA) for clinical oncology nurses to integrate APA into real-world nursing care settings, and (2) examine the effectiveness of APA on cancer-related pain (CRP) under usual inpatient oncology ward conditions.

METHODS: This was a 2-phase feasibility study. Phase 1, an in-person, 8 hour training program was provided to oncology nurses. Phase 2, a prospective and feasibility study was conducted to evaluate the integration of APA into nursing care activities to manage CRP. Oncology patients were included if their pain was rated at …

Incidence Trends In Prostate Cancer Among Men In The United States From 2000 To 2020 By Race And Ethnicity, Age And Tumor Stage, Xianglin L Du, Daoqi Gao, Zhuoyun Li

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: to explore whether prostate cancer incidence trends from 2000 to 2020 in the United States differed by race and ethnicity, age and tumor stage; to explore racial differences in prostate cancer incidence change due to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in 2020; and to determine if there is any high-risk population that can be targeted for prevention.

METHODS: We identified 1,098,349 men who were diagnosed with incident prostate cancer at age ≥20 in 2000-2020 in 17 registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program in the United States; of whom, 778,437 were non-Hispanic whites, 155,111 non-Hispanic …

Preclinical Efficacy Of Azacitidine And Venetoclax For Infant Kmt2a-Rearranged Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Reveals A New Therapeutic Strategy., Laurence C. Cheung, Carlos Aya-Bonilla, Mark N. Cruickshank, Sung K. Chiu, Vincent Kuek, Denise Anderson, Grace-Alyssa Chua, Sajla Singh, Joyce Oommen, Emanuela Ferrari, Anastasia M. Hughes, Jette Ford, Elena Kunold, Maria C. Hesselman, Frederik Post, Kelly E. Faulk, Erin H. Breese, Erin M. Guest, Patrick A. Brown, Mignon L. Loh, Richard B. Lock, Ursula R. Kees, Rozbeh Jafari, Sébastien Malinge, Rishi S. Kotecha

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Infants with KMT2A-rearranged B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a dismal prognosis. Survival outcomes have remained static in recent decades despite treatment intensification and novel therapies are urgently required. KMT2A-rearranged infant ALL cells are characterized by an abundance of promoter hypermethylation and exhibit high BCL-2 expression, highlighting potential for therapeutic targeting. Here, we show that hypomethylating agents exhibit in vitro additivity when combined with most conventional chemotherapeutic agents. However, in a subset of samples an antagonistic effect was seen between several agents. This was most evident when hypomethylating agents were combined with methotrexate, with upregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporters identified …

High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study, Adam S. Zayac, Daniel J. Landsburg, Mitchell E. Hughes, Allison M. Bock, Grzegorz S. Nowakowski, Emily C. Ayers, Mark Girton, Marie Hu, Amy K. Beckman, Shaoying Li, L Jeffrey Medeiros, Julie E. Chang, Adam Stepanovic, Habibe Kurt, Jose Sandoval-Sus, M Ali Ansari-Lari, Shalin K. Kothari, Anna Kress, Mina L. Xu, Pallawi Torka, Suchitra Sundaram, Stephen D. Smith, Kikkeri N. Naresh, Yasmin H. Karimi, Narendranath Epperla, David A. Bond, Umar Farooq, Mahak Saad, Andrew M. Evens, Karan Pandya, Seema G. Naik, Manali Kamdar, Bradley Haverkos, Reem Karmali, Timothy S. Oh, Julie M. Vose, Heather Nutsch, Paul G. Rubinstein, Amina Chaudhry, Adam J. Olszewski

Journal Articles: Oncology and Hematology

In this multi-institutional retrospective study, we examined the characteristics and outcomes of 160 patients with high-grade B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (HGBL-NOS)-a rare category defined by high-grade morphologic features and lack of MYC rearrangements with BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements ("double hit"). Our results show that HGBL-NOS tumors are heterogeneous: 83% of patients had a germinal center B-cell immunophenotype, 37% a dual-expressor immunophenotype (MYC and BCL2 expression), 28% MYC rearrangement, 13% BCL2 rearrangement, and 11% BCL6 rearrangement. Most patients presented with stage IV disease, a high serum lactate dehydrogenase, and other high-risk clinical factors. Most frequent first-line regimens included dose-adjusted cyclophosphamide, …

Escalated Dose Donor Lymphocyte Infusion Treatment In Patients With Primary Immune Deficiencies After Hsct With Reducedintensity Conditioning Regimen, Tahani Ali, Maryam Behfar, Rashin Mohseni, Pourya Salajegheh, Maged Kheder, Faihaa Abou-Fakher, Zeynab Nikfetrat, Fahimeh Jafari, Parisa Naji, Amir Ali Hamidieh

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

Objective/Background: Mixed chimerism is a major concern after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using a reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen in primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). A donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) escalating dose regimen has been developed with the aim of reducing toxicity while preserving efficacy. However, the graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) development remains the most common and adverse effect of DLI and continues to be a limiting factor in its application, especially nonmalignant diseases such as PIDs. We prospectively evaluated PID patients after HSCT using RIC in Children s Medical Center, who were candidates for an escalating dose of DLI for MC …

Unique Aspects Of Graft-Versus-Host-Disease Management In The Eastern Mediterranean Region: Report From The Eastern Mediterranean Blood And Marrow Transplantation Group: Special Report, Shahrukh Hashmi, Marwan Shaheen, Salman Adil, Parvez Ahmed, Syed Ahmed, Nour Ben Abdeljelil, Amal Alabdulwahab, Amal Albeihany, Saad Aldaama, Murtadha Al-Khabori, Salam Alkindi, Fahad Almohareb, Ahmed Alsaeed, Amal Alseraihy, Salem Alshemari, Mouhab Ayas, Naeem Chaudhri, Waleed Da’Na, David Dennison, Asma Elquessar, Alaa Elhaddad, Ahmad Ibrahim, Hasan Hashem, Wasil Jastaniah, Hani Mawardi, Amr Nassar, Tariq Satti, Lamia Torjemane, Khalid Tabbara, Hassan El Solh, Bassim Albeirouti, Mahmoud Aljurf

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

Ther is no abstract for this article type.

Serum Electrolyte And Metabolic Changes During Conditioning Of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation In Patients With Autoimmune Diseases: A Prospective Study In A Single Institution., Brenda J. Méndez-Laureano, Moisés M. Gallardo-Pérez, Claudia Minutti-Zanella, Guillermo J. Ruiz-Argüelles

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

Background: A hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) includes a conditioning regimen which may cause unwanted metabolic changes. Objective: Analyze the changes in electrolytes, glucose, urea and glomerular filtration rate in patients with MS who underwent an autologous HSCT employing the “Mexican method”. Methods: Serum and urinary electrolytes, blood glucose, creatinine, uric acid and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were prospectively assessed on days -11, - 9, and 0 in a group of 75 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving an autologous HSCT employing the “Mexican Method”, which includes high doses of both cyclophosphamide (Cy, 200 mg/Kg) and rituximab (1000 mg). …

Fam-Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (Enhertu) Induced Pyloric Perforation In Hormonal Receptor Positive/ Her2 Low Express Metastatic Breast Cancer., Taher Al-Tweigeri

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

There is no abstract for this article.

What Are Factors Influencing On Life Space Mobility In Cancer Survivors After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation? -Physical Function, Depression, Fatigue, Neighborhood Walkability, Or Employment Status?, Junichiro Inoue, Takashi Saito, Daisuke Makiura, Rei Ono, Hisayo Doi, Kimikazu Yakushijin, Yoshitada Sakai

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

Background/Objective: The amount of physical activity in daily life is important to maintain the physical and mental health of cancer survivors after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). As the physical activity is considered to be limited by the life space mobility (LSM), it is more important to maintain and expand the LSM in post-HSCT survivors. The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors that affect the LSM in post-HSCT survivors. Methods: Thirty cancer survivors after HSCT (14 women, mean age 52.0±12.3 years, 196-3,017 days post-HSCT) were included in this cross-sectional study. Patient characteristics, employment status, life space (Life …

Increasing Inpatient Volume And Efficiency Through Decreasing Readmission Rates At Fox Chase Cancer Center, Courtney Pokallus, Islande Victorin

Capstone Showcase

This paper outlines the semester long strategic plan created by Islande Victorin and Courtney Pokallus for Fox Chase Cancer Center. This strategic plan includes a background of the organization, SWOT analysis on the organization, identification of potential problems and a gap analysis, a strategic summary, and all outlines and plans for the strategic plan.

Effect Of Selenof Loss In Combination With A Western Diet On Tumorigenesis, Brenna Joy Flowers

Master's Theses

SELENOF is an understudied selenium-containing protein that has previously been postulated to behave as a tumor suppressor in the breast. Examination of patient databases showed that SELENOF levels were lowest in tumors from patients with aggressive late-stage breast cancers. Whether loss of SELENOF drives breast tumorigenesis remains to be determined. To address this question, we used juvenile female wild type or systemic Selenof knockout mice and exposed them to 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a carcinogen that replicates the multistep process of breast tumorigenesis. Previous reports have shown that loss of Selenof led to glucose and metabolic dysregulation in mice suggesting a link …

Systemic Treatment Of Advanced And Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: The Landscape In Australia, Howard Gurney, Timothy D. Clay, Niara Oliveira, Shirley Wong, Ben Tran, Carole Harris

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The 5-year survival rate of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) is estimated to be as low as 5%. Currently, systemic platinum-based chemotherapy followed by avelumab maintenance therapy is the only first-line treatment for mUC that has an overall survival benefit. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy (usually in combination with gemcitabine) is the preferred treatment but carboplatin is substituted where contraindications to cisplatin exist. Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and kinase inhibitors has not yet demonstrated superiority to chemotherapy as first-line therapy and remains investigational in this setting. A recent media release indicates that chemotherapy plus nivolumab gives an OS advantage as first-line …