Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Erin Branfield

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Abstract

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in females of reproductive age, affecting up to twenty percent of females (McEwen & Hartmann, 2018). Though the pathophysiology of PCOS is not fully understood, several factors such as insulin resistance and increased testosterone levels are prevalent and play a major role in PCOS. PCOS is a complex disease and encompasses many different metabolic, endocrine and reproductive conditions. Common signs and symptoms of PCOS include but are not limited to menstrual cycle disturbances, acne, alopecia and fertility problems (Balen, 2017).

Keywords: PCOS, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, insulin resistance

Alzheimer's Disease, Lisa Cantrell

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Alzheimer’s is a degenerative disease of the brain which affects tens of millions of people around the world. It is estimated to include over 5 million patients in the United States. Over 200,000 patients with Alzheimer’s disease live in Ohio (2019 Alzheimers disease facts and figures, 2019). Treatments are available to slow the devastating effects of the disease. However, there is currently no cure.

Nephrolithiasis, Erin Layton

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Nephrolithiasis, also known as kidney stones and calculi, pose a significant health and financial burden in the United States and worldwide. With the increasing incidence and prevalence of pediatric and adult nephrolithiasis, health care costs and morbidity are expected to rise (Batavia & Tasian, 2016). Once thought to be an isolated condition, nephrolithiasis is now considered to be a systemic disease and a marker for other systemic diseases like cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Furthermore, there is a correlation between nephrolithiasis and obesity, fractures, and chronic kidney disease (Ziemba & Matlaga, 2017). In the case of obstruction of an infected kidney, …

Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology, Carolyn Ricketts

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Abstract

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation in the central nervous system and demyelination of the white matter in the brain and spinal cord, leading to lesions and axonal damage, possibly followed by relapse. It is a progressively debilitating disease with a variety of symptoms that mimic other diseases, such as blurred vision, nerve pain, fatigue, weakness, paresthesia, and unsteady gait. It occurs more frequently further from the equator. The pathophysiology of MS is unknown. Several new research theories are emerging which include innate and adaptive immunity playing a role (TH1 and TH17 specifically), infection …

Eosinophilic Esophagitis (Eoe), Christina Mckinley

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Abstract

Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory response to food that effects the esophagus. EoE is still a very young diagnosis and with increasing incidence in the United States. This poster should be used to increase awareness of this disease processes, as well as discuss the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and nursing considerations. The diagnosis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis can be life altering, and have a huge impact on health, mortality and quality of life. Learning how to diagnosis, treat, and educate patients can have a huge impact on someone diagnosis with EoE.

Cervical Cancer, Katie Redmon

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Cervical Cancer is a major health concern worldwide for women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the major health risk factors known to causing cervical cancer. Early prevention and detection are key to preventing the cancer. There are vaccinations to prevent HPV and ways to detect abnormal cells by having a Papanicolaou cytology (Pap) test. The underlying signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, and implications for nursing care are discussed within the poster.

Human Papillomavirus, Alexandra Irwin

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection that is not curable. HPV can damage cell DNA which increases the risk of oncogene expression; this leads to an increased risk of cancer. HPV is one of the leading causes of cervical cancer, among other types of cancers. Prevention is key because HPV is usually asymptomatic. The population at risk is anyone sexually active, including participation in oral sex. The health care provider should advocate for preventative measures against HPV. There are vaccinations that prevent the contraction of HPV that should be given before a person is sexually active for …

Hepatitis B, Kayla Rodgers

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This poster presents a patient case and information about the believed disease process, hepatitis B (HBV). The poster gives information on the signs and symptoms of HBV such as fatigue, jaundice, and abdominal pain. The poster also discusses the pathophysiology of HBV. The virus attacks the healthy cells of the liver, replacing healthy cells with those infected cells to reproduce, and form more infected cells. This is significant because knowing how the virus works helps to know how to treat the virus and keep it from causing permanent damage. This poster also discusses the nursing implications that come from the …

Aortic Stenosis, Danielle Ridgway

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Aortic stenosis (AS) is a condition where the opening of the aortic valve becomes narrower. The narrowing can be caused by age associated calcification, congenital bicuspid aortic valve, or inflammation associated with rheumatic heart disease. AS due to calcification is the most common heart valve disorder in North America and is increasing in prevalence due to increased life expectancy and an aging population. It is imperative for nurses to maintain an in depth understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease with resulting hemodynamics changes in order to effectively care for this patient population.

Gouty Arthritis, Erin Dutt

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Gout is an arthritic condition that can lead to destruction of the affected joints. Often the main complaint is severe pain of the big toe but could affect other joints. Due to the frequency of this condition, the family nurse practitioner (FNP) could easily encounter it in family practice. What causes the joint destruction is the deposit monosodium urate crystals (MSU) along a joint due to hyperuricemia. Not only can gout cause permanent joint damage, it also increases the risk for kidney damage. Treatment will be aimed at managing acute attacks and lowering serum uric acid (SUA) levels. Controlling modifiable …

Malignant Hyperthermia, Courtney Stevenson

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a rare but life-threatening medical emergency. It is a skeletal muscle disorder that leads to a hypermetabolic reaction. It occurs in response to the administration of inhaled anesthetics and depolarizing muscle relaxants.

Myocardial Infarction, Sarah Robinson

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life threatening condition that causes irreversible damage and necrosis of the myocardium due to prolonged ischemia (Davies, 2016). Myocardial ischemia is often a result of coronary artery disease that develops through a process called atherosclerosis (Andrus et al., 2015). It is estimated that every 40 seconds a person in the United States suffers from a myocardial infarction (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). Healthcare providers have the opportunity to decrease the incidence of MI through primary prevention. Educating patients on the importance of modifying risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension requires …

Hirschsprung-Associated Enterocolitis, Erin Shann

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Hirschsprung disease (HD) occurs when there is an abnormal development in the enteric nervous system leading to ganglion cells being absent in the colon (Avansino & Levitt, 2017). HD presents as severe abdominal distention, failure to pass a meconium stool within the first 48 hours of life, difficulty feeding, bilious vomiting in the newborn period, and as prolonged severe constipation in the older child (Avansino & Levitt, 2017). Undiagnosed HD can lead to a life-threatening condition called enterocolitis. Enterocolitis presentation varies per individual with the most common symptoms, including abdominal distention, foul-smelling explosive stools, loud rumbling noises coming from the …

Dementia And The Role Of Alzheimer Disease, Jodi Kiessling

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Alzheimer disease is a progressive disease causing cognitive and functional decline with the hallmark sign of plagues and tangles within the brain. Genetics, inflammation, accumulation of beta-amyloid protein and breakdown of the blood brain barrier are all contributing factors in the disease. Treatment is not curative and is focused on symptom management and management of pre-existing chronic diseases.

Pheochromocytoma, Cody Plapp

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

• Pheochromocytoma presents with unusual symptomology and can remain difficult to diagnose. Early detection is paramount along with pre-surgical pharmacological intervention for best outcomes. Decrease manipulation of tumor to avoid additional secretion of catecholamine (Chung et al., 2018). From an anesthesia perspective, pheochromocytomas in patients presents a severe risk to the preservation of life pre, intra, and post-operatively. It remains necessary to prevent hemodynamic instability and to prevent administration of drugs which may elicit hemodynamic instability, since prolonged hemodynamic instability may lead to loss of life or chronic disability (Sonntagbauer et al., 2018).

Sickle Cell Anemia, Esther Bassaw

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder of red blood cell caused by an abnormality of hemoglobin called sickle hemoglobin (HbS) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2017). African countries carry the highest incident of individuals with the SCA(CDC, 2017). In the United State, approximately 1 in 12 African-Americans carry the trait for SCA, and 1 of every 350 African-American infants born have the disorder (CDC, 2017). Individuals with sickle cell disease exhibit significant morbidity and mortality. Clinical manifestations of SCA are chronic hemolysis and acute vaso-occlusive crisis, which causes severe pain, infections, and chronic organ …

Opiate Addiction And Considerations For Anesthesia, James Saltanovitz

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Opiate addiction and awareness are problems and should be of interest to our society, particularly those working in healthcare. This poster provides statistics that provide the reader with information of the depth of the problem in the United States. The poster presents information for the reader to better understand opiate addiction’s pathophysiology, signs, and symptoms. For anesthesia providers there are many different evaluations that can be made to make sure that us at risk or opiate dependent patients are safe while under anesthesia. The poster presents many alternative options to help prevent patients’ from feeling pain, while also keeping them …

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Amelia Morgan

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating form of hypoxemic respiratory failure with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality (Dalmedico, et al., 2017). Though the exact cause or trigger for ARDS is not always identified, great strides have been made in its identification and treatment since the 1990’s. Strategies include screening in the emergency department, prone positioning, and lung protective ventilator settings. Knowledge of the pathophysiological processes and familiarity with treatment strategies will aid the practitioner in the decision-making process for these critically ill patients.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Allison Bruce

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) burdens intensive care units (ICU) and their patients across the world. This presentation discusses the presentation, pathophysiology, current treatment and nursing implications for ARDS. This pathophysiological process requires exceptional interprofessional teamwork by the healthcare team. It is important for nurses to have an in-depth comprehension of this disease and its manifestations so that it can be detected and treated as quickly as possible. Further research and education are needed to improve the mortality rates of patients with ARDS.

Pheochromocytoma And Paraganglioma, Christopher Foltz

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are rare, possibly malignant, catecholamine secreting tumors. These tumors arise from the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal sites, with reports of 80-85% and 15-20% respectively. The expanding field of genetics is contributing valuable information in recent years in regards to pathogenesis, and identifying patients with increased risk of occurrence. If found, prompt treatment- and usually surgical resection, is advised.

Iron Deficiency Anemia, Heather Weaver

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

“Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of nutritional disorder worldwide, occurring in both developing and developed countries and affecting as many as one-fifth of the world population” (Huether & McCance, 2018, p. 934). There are many causes including bleeding (usually intestinal or menstrual), pregnancy, malnutrition, and malabsorption. Some of the signs and symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, headaches, exertional shortness of breath, cold intolerance, and paler than normal skin tones. The American Society of Hematology (2019) reports iron is important in the production of hemoglobin and maintenance of healthy cells. The topic of IDA was chosen as a …

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Kimberly Dyer

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a common and life-threatening condition. It is the result of a direct or indirect lung injury and requires complex treatment modalities. Pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, nursing considerations, and a case study are presented within this poster.

Pathophysiology Of Osteoarthritis, Lara Stover

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint diseases worldwide, and especially in the United States. This disease can cause chronic pain and disability, and can impair a patient’s quality of life and ability to perform activities of daily living. There are many different factors that can contribute to the development, progression, and severity of OA. Chronic inflammation and the inflammatory response is the primary pathological process that contributes to the development of OA. With the number of cases of OA expected to increase in the United States, it is important that primary care providers have an understanding of …

Aortic Aneurysm, James Lower

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

An aneurysm is a bulging or outpouching of the vessel wall which can progress to a dissection or a tear in the vessel wall. There are two types of classification for aortic aneurysms based on the Standford classification: type A involving the ascending aorta, and type B involving the descending aorta. Major risk factors for aortic aneurysms are hypertension, smoking, and male gender. Aortic aneurysms can be asymptomatic or include a wide range of symptoms such as vague back pain that radiates, and shortness of breath. The overarching pathophysiology is inflammation causing a breakdown in elastin and collagen. Inflammation, oxidative …

Malignant Hyperthermia, Alexandra Mcguire

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a rare but life-threatening, genetic condition that can manifest when a patient is exposed to certain inhalation agents used in anesthesia as well as the depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine (Rosenberg, Pollock, Schiemann, Bulger, & Stowell, 2015, p. 1). MH can develop during or after a surgical procedure and if left untreated, can cause major organ system damage and death (Seifert, Wahr, Pace, Cochrane, & Bagnola, 2014, p. 189). Creating awareness of this rare genetic condition allows for quicker interventions in reversing MH.

Cirrhosis Of The Liver, Sabina Lamichhane Wagle

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Liver cirrhosis is a chronic, end-stage liver disease. It is a term given to a condition where normal liver parenchyma is replaced by fibrotic tissues. This condition arises once hepatocytes become unable to overcome the hepatic insults via undergoing the process of mitosis. Alcohol, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, Wilson disease, hemochromatosis, aldolase B deficiency, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney diseases are few risk factors for liver cirrhosis. Ascites, asterixis, hepatic encephalopathy, scleral icterus, portal hypertension, and gynecomastia are a few symptoms of this condition. Liver transplant is the only definitive treatment for this condition, so symptoms …

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction, Abigalle Ryan

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), formerly known as diastolic heart failure, is a chronic disease that affects millions of people around the world. HFpEF has no cure and can only be managed with therapeutic treatments that optimize cardiac function and quality of life (Gazewood & Turner, 2017). The condition is precipitated by several systemic, myocardial, infiltrative, and pericardial diseases that overwhelmingly ail the aging population. There is not a set of widely accepted diagnostic criteria, and as a result, the morbidity and mortality have not improved in recent years (Tawil & Gelzinis, 2016). Because HFpEF has become more …

Osteoarthritis (Oa), Erin Steele

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the primary cause of chronic pain, affecting approximately 27 million people in the United States. OA is a disease in the synovial joint. In humans, the knee is the largest synovial joint. Hips, hands and facet joints of the spine are other sites of the OA pain. There are several interventions and treatment options available to manage the symptoms. Studies have shown other helpful hints in hopes to prevent and slow the progress of this degenerative disease.

Tuberculosis: Early Diagnosis And Treatment, Gloria Obeng

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Although there are measures in place to control tuberculosis (TB) cases in the U.S., TB is prevalent and has high morbidity and mortality rate. This issue is due to the failure to identify and treat the disease as early as possible, especially in the latent stage. The late diagnosis of the disease causes a delay in treatment which may result in complications or even death. Understanding the pathophysiological process of TB will aid in the control of the disease. Also, TB cases have been recorded among foreign-born and immigrants who are visiting the U.S. but some of these immigrants are …

Pathophysiology Of Ovarian Cancer, Christina Eagle

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This poster project is a culmination of evidence-based practice research conducted to educate on the lethality of ovarian cancer and the importance of early detection of the vague signs and symptoms associated with this disease. Worldwide, approximately 240,000 women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer each year, and 140,200 were projected to succumb to this disease in 2016 (Kroeger, Jr. & Drapkin, 2017). This case-to-fatality ratio is nearly three times that of breast cancer, making ovarian cancer the most lethal gynecological malignancy in developed countries (Kroeger, Jr. & Drapkin, 2017). Educating women about the risk factors and the elusive signs and …