Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The 4th Annual Ontario Thoracic Cancer Conference At Niagara-On-The-Lake, Y. Ung, E. Yu, R. Malthaner, R. Burkes, P. Ellis, G. Goss, H. Solow, S. Irvine, S. Laffan

Edward Yu

The 4th annual Ontario Thoracic Cancer Conference at Niagara-on-the-lake focused on the themes of innova- tions in the management of lung cancer, controversies in the management of esophageal cancer, and molecu- lar targeted therapies in lung cancer. This conference summary highlights the presentations and provides clinicians with a referenced update on these topics.

A Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Oral Pyridoxine In Hyperemesis Gravidarum, Siti Zawiah Omar

Siti Zawiah Omar

Objective: To evaluate oral pyridoxine in conjunction with standard therapy in women hospitalized for hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). Methods: Patients with HG were randomized at hospitalization to 20 mg oral pyridoxine thrice daily or to placebo. Intravenous rehydration, metoclopramide and oral thiamine were also administered. Metoclopramide and thiamine were continued for 2 weeks after discharge. Rehospitalization for HG in the 2-week study period was ascertained, vomiting was recorded by diary, and nausea was evaluated with a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) at enrolment, after hospital discharge and on week 1 and 2 reviews. Results: Ninety-two women were included in the analysis. …

Cardiac Tumours, Patricia Tai, Edward Yu

Edward Yu

Primary cardiac neoplasms are rare and they are not covered comprehensively in the literature, including textbooks. A Medline search from January 2007 to July 2008 was performed to update the existing literature. Cardiac tumour manifestation may mimic other conditions. It may lead to fatal complications like sudden death, and because the tumour can act as a nidus for the formation of fibrin-platelet aggregates, embolic events occur. Its rarity means that an average physician would have minimal experience with its management. This review will serve as a useful reference.

Oncogenesis And Cancer Stem Cells: Current Opinions And Future Directions., Xiaoyu Cheng, Helen O'Neill

Helen O'Neill

There is increasing evidence to show that only a subset of cancer cells drives the growth and progression of a tumour. These cells share similar properties with normal stem cells and are termed 'cancer stem cells'. Cancer stem cells have been identified in acute myeloid leukaemia and in some solid tumours by their distinct expression of cell surface antigens. Their long-term, self-renewing capacity is thought to be a determining factor in the maintenance and regrowth of the tumour. Studies on haematopoietic cancers show that important signalling pathways and genes for normal haematopoiesis, such as Wnt, NF-kappaB, Notch, hedgehog (Hh) and …

Post-Operative Extended Volume External Beam Radiation Therapy In High Risk Esophageal Cancer Patients: A Prospective Experience, E. Yu, P. Tai, J. Younus, R. Malthaner, P. Truong, L. Stitt, G. Rodrigues, R. Ash, R. Dar, B. Yaremko, A. Tomiak, B. Dingle, M. Sanatani, M. Vincent, W. Kocha, D. Fortin, R. Inculet

Edward Yu

Background and purpose: Extended volume external beam radiation therapy (RT) following esophagectomy is controversial. This prospective study evaluates the feasibility of extended volume RT treatment in high-risk esophagectomy patients with cervical anastomosis receiving post–operative combined chemo-radiation therapy. Patients and methods: From 2001-2006, 15 patients with resected esophageal cancer were prospectively accrued to this pilot study, to evaluate the adverse effects of extended volume RT. Eligibility criteria were pathologically proven esophageal malignancy, T3-4, N0-1, disease amenable to surgical resection and esophagectomy with or without resection margin involvement. Patients with distant metastases (M1) and patients treated with previous RT were excluded. All …

Grasping And Lifting Different Materials, Gavin Buckingham, Jonathan Cant, Melvyn Goodale

Gavin Buckingham

The material from which an object is made can determine how heavy it feels (Seashore, 1899). Interestingly, a metal block that has been adjusted to have the same size and mass as a polystyrene block will feel lighter than the polystyrene block. We recently showed that participants experiencing this material-weight illusion’ (MWI) do not apply forces that match their perceptual experience of heaviness ‐ just like in the size‐weight illusion ( Flanagan & Beltzner, 2000).

Our previous study showed that forces on early trials were scaled to each participant’s expectations of how much a particular block should weigh ‐ excessive …

Masculine Socialization And Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Qualitative Exploration, David J. Malebranche, Errol L. Fields, Lawrence O. Bryant, Shaun R. Harper

David J Malebranche

Aspects of masculine socialization among Black men who have sex with men (MSM) and potential corresponding influences on high-risk sexual behaviors are explored in this study. Individual interviews were conducted with 29 Black MSM in Atlanta, Georgia. Findings included (1) formative masculine socialization experiences marked by an absence of biological fathers and Black male role models, (2) negative perceptions of “gay” identities and communities, (3) race and racial identification as intersecting influences on masculine and sexual identities, (4) the influences of masculine socialization and beliefs on partner selection and sexual behaviors, and (5) general themes of trust, control, “heat of …

Measurements Of Adiposity And High Blood Pressure Among Children And Adolescents Living In Belo Horizonte, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

Abstract Objective: To verify an association, if it exists, between obesity and blood pressure raised beyond the 90th percentile in children and adolescents, and to determine the measure of adiposity that best correlates with blood pressure in these subjects. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: A school-based study in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Participants: We selected randomly 1,403 students, aged from 6 to 18 years, from 545,046 students attending 521 public and private schools. Those selected completed the study. Main measures of outcome: We recorded the weight, height, skin fold in the triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac areas, waist and hip circumference, body-mass index, …

Stroke In The Very Elderly: Hospital Care, Case Fatality And Disposition., Gustavo Saposnik

Gustavo Saposnik

No abstract provided.

Age Disparities In Stroke Quality Of Care And Delivery Of Health Services., Gustavo Saposnik

Gustavo Saposnik

No abstract provided.

Socioeconomic Status, Hospital Volume, And Stroke Fatality In Canada., Gustavo Saposnik

Gustavo Saposnik

No abstract provided.

Applying The Evidence: Do Patients With Stroke, Coronary Artery Disease, Or Both Achieve Similar Treatment Goals?, Gustavo Saposnik

Gustavo Saposnik

No abstract provided.

Do All Age Groups Benefit From Organized Inpatient Stroke Care?, Gustavo Saposnik

Gustavo Saposnik

No abstract provided.

The Construct Validity Of Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder, Christopher J. Hopwood, Leslie C. Morey, John C. Markowitz, Anthony Pinto, Andrew E. Skodol, John G. Gunderson, Mary C. Zanarini, M. Tracie Shea, Shirley Yen, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Emily B. Ansell, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Although Passive Aggressive personality disorder (PAPD) plays an important role in many theories of personality pathology, it was consigned to the appendix of the fourth edition of the DSM. The scientific basis of this decision has been questioned, but several controversies persist regarding PAPD, including its structure, content validity, overlap with other PDs, and relations to validating variables such as personality traits, childhood experiences, and clinically relevant correlates. This study examined these facets of PAPD's construct validity in a large clinical sample. Results suggest that the construct is unidimensional, internally consistent, and reasonably stable. Furthermore, PAPD appears systematically related to …

New Onsets Of Substance Use Disorders In Borderline Personality Disorder Over 7 Years Of Follow-Ups: Findings From The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study, Marc Walter, John G. Gunderson, Mary C. Zanarini, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Leslie C. Morey, Shirley Yen, Robert L. Stout, Andrew E. Skodol

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine whether patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have a higher rate of new onsets of substance use disorders (SUD) than do patients with other personality disorders (OPD).

Design: This study uses data from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorder Study (CLPS), a prospective naturalistic study with reliable repeated measures over 7 years of follow-up.

Setting: Multiple clinical sites in four northeastern US cities.

Participants: A total of 175 patients with BPD and 396 patients with OPD (mean age 32.5 years) were assessed at baseline and at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, …

Minitrephination Of The Frontal Sinus: Indications And Uses In Today's Era Of Sinus Surgery, K Seiberling, C Jardeleza, Peter-John Wormald

Peter-John Wormald

Background: This study reviews the role of frontal sinus minitrephination in today's era of endoscopic sinus surgery. Retrospective chart review was performed of 163 patients undergoing a total of 149 bilateral and 39 unilateral frontal sinus minitrephinations. Methods: Charts were reviewed for patient demographics and outcomes. Details obtained from the chart included type of surgery performed, reason for minitrephination placement, pathology, Lund score, complications and endoscopic patency. Results: One hundred eighty-eight minitrephines were placed during 80 modified Lothrop and 108 frontal sinusotomies. Trephines were placed where there was dificulty finding the frontal recess, severe edema/ polyps, obstructing frontal cells (type3/ …

Attribution Theory And Healthcare Culture: Translational Management Science Contributes A Framework To Identify The Etiology Of Punitive Clinical Environments, Patrick Albert Palmieri

Patrick Albert Palmieri

The Institute of Medicine’s seminal report, To err is human: Building a safer health system, established the national patient safety framework and initiated interest in changing the traditionally punitive healthcare culture. This paper reviews a multidisciplinary literature and offers an attribution framework to explicate the organizational processes that contribute to an industry-wide culture where clinicians are routinely blamed for adverse patient events. Attribution theory is concerned with the manner in which people explain the behaviors of others or themselves by assigning causality for events. To date, attribution theory, though well established in the management literature, has yet to be translated …