Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Commonalities And Differences In Carotid Body Dysfunction In Hypertension And Heart Failure, Igor S. A. Felippe, Rodrigo Del Río, Harold D. Schultz, Benedito H. Machado, Julian F R Paton

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

Carotid body pathophysiology is associated with many cardiovascular-respiratory-metabolic diseases. This pathophysiology reflects both hyper-sensitivity and hyper-tonicity. From both animal models and human patients, evidence indicates that amelioration of this pathophysiological signalling improves disease states such as a lowering of blood pressure in hypertension, a reduction of breathing disturbances with improved cardiac function in heart failure (HF) and a re-balancing of autonomic activity with lowered sympathetic discharge. Given this, we have reviewed the mechanisms of carotid body hyper-sensitivity and hyper-tonicity across disease models asking whether there is uniqueness related to specific disease states. Our analysis indicates some commonalities and some potential …

Loss-Of-Function Genomic Variants Highlight Potential Therapeutic Targets For Cardiovascular Disease, Jonas B. Nielsen, Oren Rom, Ida Surakka, Sarah E. Graham, Wei Zhou, Tanmoy Roychowdhury, Lars G. Fritsche, Sarah A. Gagliano Taliun, Carlo Sidore, Yuhao Liu, Maiken E. Gabrielsen, Anne Heidi Skogholt, Brooke Wolford, William Overton, Ying Zhao, Jin Chen, He Zhang, Whitney E. Hornsby, Akua Acheampong, Austen Grooms, Amanda Schaefer, Gregory J. M. Zajac, Luis Villacorta, Jifeng Zhang, Ben Brumpton, Mari Løset, Vivek Rai, Pia R. Lundegaard, Morten S. Olesen, Kent D. Taylor, Donna K. Arnett

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Pharmaceutical drugs targeting dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) may increase the risk of fatty liver disease and other metabolic disorders. To identify potential novel CVD drug targets without these adverse effects, we perform genome-wide analyses of participants in the HUNT Study in Norway (n = 69,479) to search for protein-altering variants with beneficial impact on quantitative blood traits related to cardiovascular disease, but without detrimental impact on liver function. We identify 76 (11 previously unreported) presumed causal protein-altering variants associated with one or more CVD- or liver-related blood traits. Nine of the variants are predicted to result in loss-of-function of …

Expression Of Defa1-3 And Relations With Risk Factorsof Cardiovascular Diseases, Said El Shamieh Assistant Professor, Department Of Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty Of Health Sciences, Sophie Visvikis-Siest Université De Lorraine, Inserm, Ige-Pcv, F-54000 Nancy, France

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

The infiltration of immuno-inflammatory cells is one of the earliest and durable steps that lead to atherosclerosis. These cells produce many immune components that act as a double-edged sword in this inflammatory disease. Among these components, we note antimicrobial peptides, including defenses. Defenses are natural cationic peptides of the innate immune system. In Humans, these small peptides have a large antimicrobial spectrum. In addition, they play an important role in both infectious and inflammatory diseases. Our objective was to study the relation between alpha-defenses (DEFA) 1-3 genes expression and cardiovascular risk factors. This objective was built on the hypothesis that …

A Neutrosophic Clinical Decision-Making System For Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Analysis, Florentin Smarandache, Shaista Habib, Wardat-Us- Salam, M. Arif Butt, Muhammad Akram

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Early diagnosis of heart disease can reduce this large number of deaths so that treatment can be carried out. Many decision-making systems have been developed, but they are too complex for medical professionals. To target these objectives, we develop an explainable neutrosophic clinical decision-making system for the timely diagnose of cardiovascular disease risk. We make our system transparent and easy to understand with the help of explainable artificial intelligence techniques so that medical professionals can easily adopt this system. Our system is taking thirtyfive symptoms as input parameters, which are, gender, …

Impact Of 12-Weeks Of Nordic Pole Walking On Arterial Stiffness In Sedentary Overweight And Obese Adults, Arbër N. Shehu

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Arterial stiffness (AS) is an independent predictor for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Regular aerobic exercise is considered to improve AS. Nordic walking provides important health benefits, however, the effect of this walking method as treatment for AS remains unclear. We conducted a randomized controlled study to examine the effect of a 12-week supervised group walking intervention (controlled pace, ~3000 steps/day, 30 minutes/day, 5 times/week), with (NW) and without (SW) Nordic poles, on AS in sedentary overweight and obese adults. Fourteen individuals were randomly assigned to NW (n=7; median age 54.0 years; body mass index (BMI)=31.3 kg/m²) or …

The Effect Of Waterpipe/Hookah On Platelet Function And The Impact Of Inhibition Of Gβγ Subunits On Hemostasis And Thrombogenesis, Ahmed Alarabi

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Abstract (Hookah)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD’s) is a major public health problem. Among CVD’s risk factors, tobacco smoking is considered the single most preventable cause of death, with thrombosis being the main mechanism of CVD’s mortality in smokers. While tobacco smoking has been on the decline, the use of waterpipe/hookah has been rising, mainly due to the perception that they are “less harmful” than regular cigarettes. Strikingly, there are few studies on the negative effects of waterpipes on the cardiovascular system, and none regarding their direct contribution to thrombus formation. We employed a waterpipe whole-body exposure protocol that mimics real‐life human …

Cardio-Metabolic Disease Risk Factors Among South Asian Labour Migrants To The Middle East: A Scoping Review And Policy Analysis, Shiva Raj Mishra, Saruna Ghimire, Chandni Joshi, Bishal Gyawali, Archana Shrestha, Dinesh Neupane, Sudesh Raj Sharma, Yashashwi Pokharel, Salim S. Virani

Public Health Faculty Publications

This paper aims to explore the burgeoning burden of cardiovascular and metabolic disease (CMD) risk factors among South Asian labor migrants to the Middle East. We conducted a qualitative synthesis of literature using PubMed/Medline and grey literature searches, supplemented by a policy review of policies from the South Asian countries. We found a high burden of cardio-metabolic risk factors among the migrants as well as among the populations in the home and the host countries. For example, two studies reported the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) ranging between 9 and 17% among South Asian migrants. Overweight and obesity were highly …

The Association Between Type Of Fat And The Risk Of Developing Cardiovascular Diseases, Dovid Leib Glassner

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Objective: To determine the significance of various types of dietary fat in the progression of atherosclerosis leading to heart disease. Methods: Study inclusion criteria constituted relevance to the discussion topic and peer reviewed literature. Age of the published material was taken into account as well, with greater preference being given to more recent research as the topic of nutrition and its relation to chronic disease remains an emerging science. Results: This research review found an overall significant relationship between the type (monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, saturated and trans-fat) of dietary fat intake and the incidence of cardiovascular disease. While earlier research identified …

Sudden Cardiac Death In Infants, Children And Young Adults: Possible Roles Of Dietary Magnesium Intake And Generation Of Platelet-Activating Factor In Coronary Arteries, Burton M. Altura, Wenyan Li, Aimin Zhang, Tao Zheng, Nilank C. Shah, Gatha J. Shah, Bella T. Altura

The School of Health Sciences Publications and Research

Magnesium (Mg) is a co-factor for more than 500 enzymes, and is the second most abundant intracellular cation after potassium. It is vital in numerous physiological, cellular and biochemical functions and systems necessary for life. Approximately 35 years ago, our laboratory suggested that a progressive, dietary deficiency and/or metabolic induced loss of Mg from the body, beginning early in life, particularly during development of the coronary arteries, could lead to coronary arterial vasospasm, ischemic heart disease, and sudden-cardiac death (SCD). Herein, we review evidence for a brand-new, novel hypothesis which combines knowledge suggesting a combined role for hypomagnesemia and platelet-activating …

Tuberculosis And Cardiovascular Disease: Linking The Epidemics, Moises A. Huaman, David Henson, Eduardo Ticona, Timothy R. Sterling, Beth A. Garvy

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

The burden of tuberculosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is enormous worldwide. CVD rates are rapidly increasing in low- and middle-income countries. Public health programs have been challenged with the overlapping tuberculosis and CVD epidemics. Monocyte/macrophages, lymphocytes and cytokines involved in cellular mediated immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis are also main drivers of atherogenesis, suggesting a potential pathogenic role of tuberculosis in CVD via mechanisms that have been described for other pathogens that establish chronic infection and latency. Studies have shown a pro-atherogenic effect of antibody-mediated responses against mycobacterial heat shock protein-65 through cross reaction with self-antigens in human vessels. Furthermore, …

Genetics Of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (Pai-1) In A Ghanaian Population, Marquitta J. White, Nuri M. Kodaman, Reed H. Harder, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Douglas E. Vaughan, Nancy J. Brown, Jason H. Moore, Scott M. Williams

Dartmouth Scholarship

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), a major modulator of the fibrinolytic system, is an important factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) susceptibility and severity. PAI-1 is highly heritable, but the few genes associated with it explain only a small portion of its variation. Studies of PAI-1 typically employ linear regression to estimate the effects of genetic variants on PAI-1 levels, but PAI-1 is not normally distributed, even after transformation. Therefore, alternative statistical methods may provide greater power to identify important genetic variants. Additionally, most genetic studies of PAI-1 have been performed on populations of European descent, limiting the generalizability of their …

Exposure To Persistent Organic Pollutants And Metabolic Diseases, Zafar Zayirovich Aminov

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of diseases that tend to occur together, including diabetes, hypertension, central obesity, cardiovascular disease and hyperlipidemia. Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been associated with increased risk of development of several of the components of the MetS.

Modulation Of Lipid Metabolism By Phytosterol Stearates And Black Raspberry Seed Oils, Mark Mckinley Ash

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Naturally occurring compounds and lifestyle modifications as combination and mono-therapy are increasingly used for dyslipidemia. Specficially, phytosterols and fatty acids have demonstrated an ability to modulate cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism in different fashions. In two separate studies, the lipid-lowering effects of black raspberry seed oil and three different phytosterol stearates were examined in order to elucidate the effects of these dietary components and the factors influencing their therapeutic actions.

The first study examined high cholesterol diets supplemented with crude and refined black raspberry seed oils, coconut oil or soybean oil. The crude and refined raspberry seed oil (RSO) treatments significantly …

Regulation Of Cardiac Fibroblast Metalloprotease Secretion, Glen De Guzman

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes secreted by cardiac fibroblasts. Altered expression of MMPs plays an important role in congestive heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases^1,2. Emerging evidence has led us to consider the role of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PtdIns 4-kinase) in regulating MMP secretion in cardiac fibroblast cells^3-7. PtdIns 4-kinase is a lipid kinase involved in various cellular processes including protein secretion. This project was designed to test the hypothesis that PtdIns 4-kinase controls MMP secretion. Techniques such as cardiac cell culture, transfection, and in-gel zymography were used for this experiment. Results demonstrated that PtdIns 4-kinase …

Development Of A Procedure For Analysis Of High Density Lipoprotein Subclasses, Chan Chin

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Human serum high density lipoprotein subclasses, HDL₂ and HDL₃ , were isolated by preparative salt density gradient ultracentrifugation and further analyzed by electrophoresis on a 4 to 15% concentration gradient polyacrylamide gel.

The separation of the major classes of serum lipoproteins was achieved after a single ultracentrifugation for 272,000 g at 15°c in a swinging bucket rotor. High resolution concentration gradient gel electrophoresis was found to be particularly suitable for the separation of lipoproteins. The isolation of HDL by precipitation methods, heparin-manganese and dextran-magnesium have also been evaluated in this study, and were found not to completely separate …