Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Impact Of Diabetic Education On Reducing Hospital Readmission Rates: A Literature Review Of Adults With Diabetes, Frank Camarda

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

According to 2018 data from the Diabetes Institute Foundation, adults in the U.S. diagnosed with diabetes accounted for 17 million emergency department visits. The readmission rate for patients with diabetes far exceeds the general readmission rates for hospitalized patients. While there is recognition of the need for diabetic education to reduce hospital readmissions, optimizing long-term self-management of diabetics remains a focus of ongoing research.

Exploring Geriatric Self Management Of Type 2 Dm: A Systematic Review, Ahmed Gawash, David F. Lo, Kunal P. Shah, Jasmine Emanuel, Brandon Goodwin, Don D. Shamilov, Gaurav Kumar, Nathan Jean, Christian P. White

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

This review explores diabetic self-management in geriatric individuals, focusing on positive attitudes and support from family/friends as crucial for self-care optimization. A comprehensive search in health databases was conducted, which involved screening 248 participants across eight qualitative research studies. Themes emphasizing the importance of listening to one’s body, acknowledging hidden issues, and recognizing the impact of various factors on diabetes self-care were established. A holistic approach to self management, emphasizing the significance of positive attitudes, cultural sensitivity, and individual values in healthcare practices is recommended. Embracing cultural diversity and addressing barriers can enhance self-management and quality of life for geriatric …

Diabetes Health Education For South Jersey Communities, Heaven Chu, Sarah Tamous, Ashhabal Kavvi, Amin Khan

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Diabetes is a chronic health condition that hinders the body’s metabolic process using insulin to maintain glycemic homeostasis. It is prevalent worldwide, with about 10% of the global adult population affected. Socio-economic and cultural factors and determinants make diabetes and diabetes management more of a health risk for certain populations rather than others. The prevalence of diabetes in the United States is higher than the global average and the risk factors disproportionately affect disadvantaged communities.

This study was designed to investigate health disparities in diabetes among a diverse population sample. The study included researching the disparities of diabetes patients in …

Relationship Between Food Security, Nutrition Security, And Diabetes: The Role Of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation, Maha Almohamad, Jayna M Dave, Eric E Calloway, Ruosha Li, Shreela Sharma

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Inadequate nutrition and poor diet quality are associated with a heightened risk of diabetes. The connection between food insecurity measures and diabetes has been established, with evidence indicating that Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation contributes to reductions in food insecurity. Recently developed nutrition security measures, defined as the ability to acquire healthful foods to prevent diseases, and their association with diabetes and SNAP participation are not yet understood.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the relationship between food security and nutrition security in relation to diabetes overall and by SNAP participation and nutrition security as potential modifiers.

METHODS: …

An Expanded Chronic Care Management Approach To Multiple Chronic Conditions In Hispanics Using Community Health Workers As Community Extenders In The Rio Grande Valley Of Texas, Juliana Z Lopez, Minjae Lee, Soo K Park, Maria E Zolezzi, Lisa A Mitchell-Bennett, Paul G Yeh, Lubeth Perez, Natalia I Heredia, David D Mcpherson, Joseph B Mccormick, Belinda M Reininger

Journal Articles

INTRODUCTION: The synergistic negative effects of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension increases all-cause mortality and the medical complexity of management, which disproportionately impact Hispanics who face barriers to healthcare access. The Salud y Vida intervention was delivered to Hispanic adults living along the Texas-Mexico Border with comorbid poorly controlled T2DM and hypertension. The Salud y Vida multicomponent intervention incorporated community health workers (CHWs) into an expanded chronic care management model to deliver home-based follow-up visits and provided community-based diabetes self-management education.

METHODS: We conducted multivariable longitudinal analysis to examine the longitudinal intervention effect on reducing systolic and diastolic blood …

The Impact Of Patient And Provider Education On Statin Therapy Initiation And Adherence In Type Ii Diabetics, Jane Harlan Bsn-Rn, Lindsey Jacobsen Bsn-Rn, Emily Easterly Bsn-Rn, Mitch King Bsn-Rn, Laura Reed Dnp, Aprn, Fnp-Bc, Cne

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common, chronic disease that increases the risk of coronary artery disease and stroke fourfold, which makes protecting cardiac function a priority. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and American Heart Association (AHA) recommend the prescription of statins to reduce cardiovascular complications. Unfortunately, provider and patient adherence to this recommendation is poor.This study aimed to determine if shared-decision making and patient follow-up within a 6 month period of being newly diagnosed with T2D has an effect on the initiation rate of statin therapy.

Methods

In this retrospective study we requested data from the University …

Effect Of Certified Diabetes Clinical Education Specialists On Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, Rachel Faller, Tracy Gregory, Michelle Jones, Peyton Barnett, Laura Reed Dnp, Aprn, Fnp-Bc, Cne

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus affects 13.1% of adults living in Shelby County and over 30 million adults in the United States. This chronic disease creates a higher risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications for this population resulting in poor outcomes if not properly managed. Improving glycemic control can help to improve the quality of life for people living with diabetes and reduce healthcare costs. Currently 20% of funds spent in the United States on healthcare is utilized for diabetic care. Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialists (CDCES) primarily educate patients about managing their diabetes, including health promotion that can …

An Occupational Therapy Approach To Improving Adl/Iadl Performance In Diabetic Adults With Stroke And Upper Extremity Pathologies, Halle Thomas, Cassandra Nelson

Spring 2024 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium

This capstone presentation depicts the impact of diabetic management with an occupational therapy approach on upper extremity motor function for the adult stroke population. This program utilizes dietary management, a home exercise program, and task modification strategies to improve ADL and IADL performance.

Development Of A Culinary Medicine Toolkit To Improve Implementation Of Virtual Cooking Classes For Low-Income Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, David Ai, Natalia I Heredia, Vanessa Cruz, Diana C Guevara, Shreela V Sharma, Dolores Woods, Melisa Danho, John Wesley Mcwhorter

Journal Articles

Culinary medicine (CM) addresses diseases through nutrition and culinary education. To promote access to educational material for people with diabetes and engagement in virtual classes, we created a virtual culinary medicine toolkit (VCMT) sensitive to literacy levels and language preferences. The VCMT was developed to accompany existing virtual CM programs and help improve participant interaction and retention, offering educational materials for providers and participants. The provider VCMT offers level-setting education to reduce mixed nutrition messaging, including educational resources discussing inclusive nutrition and mindful eating topics. Each handout has a QR code and link to engaging, animated videos that provide further …

Development Of A Culinary Medicine Toolkit To Improve Implementation Of Virtual Cooking Classes For Low-Income Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, David Ai, Natalia I Heredia, Vanessa Cruz, Diana C Guevara, Shreela V Sharma, Dolores Woods, Melisa Danho, John Wesley Mcwhorter

Journal Articles

Culinary medicine (CM) addresses diseases through nutrition and culinary education. to promote access to educational material for people with diabetes and engagement in virtual classes, we created a virtual culinary medicine toolkit (VCMT) sensitive to literacy levels and language preferences. The VCMT was developed to accompany existing virtual CM programs and help improve participant interaction and retention, offering educational materials for providers and participants. The provider VCMT offers level-setting education to reduce mixed nutrition messaging, including educational resources discussing inclusive nutrition and mindful eating topics. Each handout has a QR code and link to engaging, animated videos that provide further …

Evaluation Of Nutritional Guidance From Providers For Patients With Type 2 Diabetes In A Primary Care Setting, Whitney Rice

DNP Projects

Background: Adherence to diet is a challenging part of managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Guidelines recommend including a registered dietician and/or a diabetes educator. While this is the gold standard, there are barriers to implementation in primary care. The Starting the Conversation (STC) diet recall tool can aid primary care providers (PCPs) in providing brief nutrition counseling for patients with T2DM. Purpose: To evaluate the perceptions and practices of PCPs regarding dietary education and documentation for patients with T2DM after provider education and initiation of the STC tool. Methods: This was a quality improvement project using a quasi-experimental pretest …

Decreasing Surgical Complications In Diabetic Patients, Bandana Mahato

DNP Qualifying Manuscripts

Executive Summary

Objective: This manuscript aims to determine if controlling diabetes prior to undergoing low back surgery could decrease complications and disability.

Contexts: Despite the overwhelming information on the complications of uncontrolled diabetes, patients continue to have elevated HgA1C before having surgery. Furthermore, there is a plethora of data showing uncontrolled diabetic patients will have higher complications after surgery, yet patients continue to have elective surgery despite having unchecked diabetes. There are no clear guidelines for primary care providers or surgeons on when they should allow patients to have elective surgery. Therefore, it is vital that HgA1c needs to be …

Food Insecurity Increases Risk Of Depression And Anxiety Among Women In Senegal Living With Diabetes And/Or Hypertension, Rachel P Allred, Ndèye Aminata Mbaye, Fatoumata Diagne, Sheryl A Mccurdy, Melissa B Harrell, Emma Nelson Bunkley

Journal Articles

Food insecurity affects close to half the population of Senegal, West Africa, a country simultaneously affected by the ongoing global diabetes pandemic. Diabetes and food insecurity are associated with adverse mental health, yet research exploring the relationship between chronic physical illness, food insecurity, and mental illness in Senegal is currently lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between food insecurity and depression and anxiety, separately, in Senegalese women living with diabetes and hypertension. Food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms was assessed using the Modified Hopkins …

Determining Call-To-Entry Rate And Recruitment Barriers In Clinical Studies For Community Clinics Serving Low-Income Populations: A Cohort Study, Elizabeth M Vaughan, Salim Virani, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Victor J Cardenas, Craig A Johnston, Laura Porterfield, Zuleica Santiago Delgado, Susan L Samson, Vanessa Schick, Aanand D Naik

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Recruitment for clinical studies is challenging. to overcome barriers, investigators have previously established call-to-entry rates to assist in planning. However, rates specific to low-income minority populations are needed to account for additional barriers to enrolment these individuals face.

OBJECTIVE: to obtain a call-to-entry rate in a low-income uninsured Hispanic population with chronic disease.

METHODS: We used data from four of our randomised clinical studies to determine the call-to-entry rate for individuals (n=1075) with or at risk for type 2 diabetes: participants needed/potential participants contacted=recruitment rate (yield). Research staff contacted potential participants to enrol in a study that evaluated 6 …

Diabetes Risk During Pregnancy Among Second-Generation Immigrants: A National Cohort Study In Sweden, Per Wändell, Xinjun Li, Nouha Saleh Stattin, Axel C Carlsson, Jan Sundquist, Casey Crump, Kristina Sundquist

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gestational diabetes is more common in many first-generation immigrant women in Europe and other Western countries. Less is known about second-generation immigrant women; such knowledge is needed to understand generational influences on diabetes risk. We aimed to study second-generation immigrant women regarding the presence of all types of diabetes during pregnancy.

METHODS AND RESULTS: A cohort study was conducted using the Swedish National Birth Register, the National Patient Register, and the total Population Register. We used Cox regression analysis to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 99% confidence intervals (99% CI) for any diabetes during pregnancy and specific …

The Prevalence Of Diabetes In Juveniles, Tatyana Johnson

Graduate Student Dissertations, Theses, Capstones, and Portfolios

Diabetes mellitus, simply known as diabetes, is a metabolic disorder that impacts how the body makes use of glucose or blood sugar. Glucose is the primary supply of energy for the body’s cells, which is controlled by insulin, a pancreatic hormone. Diabetes results in high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), which are caused by either insufficient insulin production by the pancreas or ineffective insulin utilization by the body (Dean & McEntyre, 2004). Although there are several types of diabetes, the two main types are type 1 and type 2. Type 1, also known as juvenile diabetes, is an inflammatory condition in …

Diabetes Related Distress And Co-Occurrence With Depressive Symptoms In Urban Low-Income African American And Hispanic/Latinx Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, Laurie Ruggiero, Sarah Williams Leng, Mary De Groot, Ben S. Gerber, Rosalba Hernandez, Lauretta Quinn

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Introduction. Burden of diabetes in the U.S. is greater in racial-ethnic minority populations than non-Hispanic Whites. Depression and diabetes-related distress (DRD) are recognized as relatively common and important psychosocial areas to address in people living with diabetes. Limited research in the U.S. has focused on DRD in racial-ethnic minority populations. The purpose of this study is to describe patterns of DRD and co-occurrence with depressive symptoms in urban low-income African American and Hispanic/Latinx adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Method. We examined the baseline data collected for a randomized clinical trial (RCT) studying the impact of a culturally tailored …

Implementation Of An Evidence-Based Diabetic Screening Tool In Rural Belizean Communities, Morgan Lee Taylor, Annelyse Caffrey

Graduate Publications and Other Selected Works - Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)

Significance/Background: Type II Diabetes Mellitus (TIIDM) is a growing epidemic in Belize. The prevalence is increasing yearly, responsible for considerable health complications and deaths. Rates are much higher in Belize than in any other developing Central American country, and many rural citizens are undiagnosed and untreated. Access to healthcare is complex, and travel is often required in rural areas. Primary care visits in Belize are significantly less than in surrounding North and Central American countries. As a result, chronic illnesses such as TIIDM often go undiagnosed among children, adolescents, and adults- leaving TIIDM a leading cause of death in Belize. …

Prevention Of Obesity-Related Morbidity & Mortality In Adults, Rachelle Virgin

Masters Theses/Capstone Projects

Poster presentation on the prevention of obesity related morbidity and mortality in adults.

Exposure To Pcb126 During The Nursing Period Reversibly Impacts Early-Life Glucose Tolerance, Brittany B. Rice, Keegan W. Sammons, Sara Y. Ngo Tenlep, Madeline T. Weltzer, Leryn J. Reynolds, Cetewayo S. Rashid, Hollie I. Swanson, Kevin J. Pearson

Human Movement Sciences & Special Education Faculty Publications

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental organic pollutants known to have detrimental health effects. Using a mouse model, we previously demonstrated that PCB126 exposure before and during pregnancy and throughout the perinatal period adversely affected offspring glucose tolerance and/or body composition profiles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the glucose tolerance and body composition of offspring born to dams exposed to PCB126 during the nursing period only. Female ICR mice were bred, and half of the dams were exposed to either vehicle (safflower oil) or 1 µmole PCB126 per kg of body weight via oral gavage on postnatal …

A Clinical Profile Of 50 Cases Of Hypoglycemia In A Tertiary Care Hospital, Rohan Karkra, Ravikumar Y S

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level/dl. It is usually seen in Diabetics due to an improper balance between blood glucose-lowering drugs and food. Patients can have various symptoms, ranging from headaches and palpitations to coma and death. Patients are typically treated with oral carbohydrates and IV carbohydrates/Glucagon if needed. It is essential to understand the presenting complaints of Hypoglycemia as it often complicates the management of Diabetic patients, and sometimes non-Diabetic patients. The symptoms may frequently be mild but can cause significant long-term complications. It is also essential to understand the cause of Hypoglycemia in order to prevent …

The Importance Of Stigma Theory For Clinical Decisions Related To Diabetic Foot Amputations, Rachael Garcia, Callie Bartkowiak, Alison Nesbitt Do

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

The authors examine the unconsidered impact of social stigma theory on the shared clinical decision-making process for a patient with foot osteomyelitis and MRSA bacteremia facing the prospect of an amputation.

Anti-Diabetic Effects Of Glp1 Analogs Are Mediated By Thermogenic Interleukin-6 Signaling In Adipocytes, Absalon D Gutierrez, Zhanguo Gao, Vala Hamidi, Liang Zhu, Karla Bermudez Saint Andre, Kayla Riggs, Monika Ruscheinsky, Hongyu Wang, Yongmei Yu, Charles Miller, Hernan Vasquez, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Mikhail G Kolonin

Journal Articles

Mechanisms underlying anti-diabetic effects of GLP1 analogs remain incompletely understood. We observed that in prediabetic humans exenatide treatment acutely induces interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion by monocytes and IL-6 in systemic circulation. We hypothesized that GLP1 analogs signal through IL-6 in adipose tissue (AT) and used the mouse model to test if IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) signaling underlies the effects of the GLP1-IL-6 axis. We show that liraglutide transiently increases IL-6 in mouse circulation and IL-6R signaling in AT. Metronomic liraglutide treatment resulted in AT browning and thermogenesis linked with STAT3 activation. IL-6-blocking antibody treatment inhibited STAT3 activation in AT and suppressed liraglutide-induced …

Diabetes-Related Bias In Electronic Health Records And International Classification Of Diseases., Mihail Zilbermint

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic health condition that affects the body's ability to convert food into energy. People living with diabetes, as well as doctors and hospitals, struggle to handle the challenge. Among these challenges is that the field of diabetology is filled with bias. People living with diabetes will say that “diabetes does not define them,” yet they often refer to themselves as “diabetics.” Doctors are frequently “trained” to call people “diabetics,” and I am one of them. Psychological consequences associated with diabetes and obesity bias and stigma have been previously reported studied. People with diabetes may experience stigma …

Assessing Urinary Phenol And Paraben Mixtures In Pregnant Women With And Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study, Wei-Jen Chen, Candace Robledo, Erin M Davis, Jean R Goodman, Chao Xu, Jooyeon Hwang, Amanda E Janitz, Tabitha Garwe, Antonia M Calafat, Jennifer D Peck

Journal Articles

Prior studies have identified the associations between environmental phenol and paraben exposures and increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but no study addressed these exposures as mixtures. As methods have emerged to better assess exposures to multiple chemicals, our study aimed to apply Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to evaluate the association between phenol and paraben mixtures and GDM. This study included 64 GDM cases and 237 obstetric patient controls from the University of Oklahoma Medical Center. Mid-pregnancy spot urine samples were collected to quantify concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA), benzophenone-3, triclosan, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol, butylparaben, methylparaben, and propylparaben. Multivariable …

Efficacy Of Various Interventions For Achieving Target Hba1c Levels For Patients With Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus And On Exogenous Insulin, Caitlin S. Welch, Archie Troxel

Longitudinal Scholar's Project

Objective: To learn the rates at which patients at UT Family Medicine–St. Francis (UTFM–SF) with type II diabetes mellitus are being prescribed recommended medications—namely metformin, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs)—whether these rates correspond to the severity of hyperglycemia (as indicated by HbA1C level). A secondary goal of the study was to investigate if HbA1C levels are being checked at recommended intervals.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted using records of patients seen at the clinic in the previous four years between the ages of 18 and 65 who had visits with ICD …

An Evaluation Of A Multidisciplinary Implementation Of Evidence Based Practice In Prediabetes, Emily Sisco

Dissertations

Abstract

Problem Over 70% of prediabetic patients progress to full diabetes. There are over 80 million American adults who are diabetic. Diabetes is the costliest chronic disease that often leads to many other health issues.

Methods This QI project utilized a descriptive observational design. Quantitative data was collected via retrospective chart review. Primary data collected was documentation of a patient visit to the registered dietician and the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of patients who followed up in the office after the referral.

Results Eight patients followed up to the office for a second visit (n=8). Four patients did see the registered …

The Effects Of Time Restricted Feeding On Markers Of Type 2 Diabetes, Brooke Martin

Biological Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Type 2 diabetes is one of the fastest growing chronic diseases in the country, comprising 10% of the American population. Obesity rates are at an all-time high and greatly increase risk factors for developing diabetes. Insulin resistance is the main feature of type 2 diabetes and causes management of the disease to be extremely difficult. Currently there are different possible treatments for type 2 diabetes including medication and dieting. However, diets involving fasting, though high in popularity, do not have a lot of evidence regarding their ability to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes.

Time restricted feeding (TRF) is …

Prevention Of Diabetes-Related Hospital Readmission Following Initial Diagnosis Of Diabetes In Patients Over The Age Of Fifty: A Scoping Review, Nathan Miller Dnp, Agacnp, Fnp, Jasmine Harris Dnp, Fnp, Michael Clardy Dnp, Agacnp, Diana Dedmon Dnp, Acnp, Fnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background: By reviewing multiple studies related to the treatment of patients with new diagnoses of diabetes, this scoping review will endeavor to determine which interventions, when implemented for patients over 50 years old which are newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, can decrease the likelihood of hospital readmission related to diabetes within 90 days when compared with those patients who did not receive or participate in follow-up.

Methods: For resources to be eligible to review they had to be from 2015 or after. Studies selected included patients over the age of 50 newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes subject to …

Using Digital Storytelling To Assess Patient Experience With Management Of Diabetes In Everyday Life (Model) Study Intervention, Arati Joshi

Longitudinal Scholar's Project

African Americans are disproportionately affected by obesity-associated diabetes compared to their White counterparts. While social determinants of health may contribute to their poor health outcomes, studies have shown that pragmatic primary care-based interventions can be effective in improving the management of obesity-associated diabetes. The Management of Diabetes in Everyday Life (MODEL) is a pragmatic randomized comparative effectiveness trial of three approaches (health coaching, text-messaging, and enhanced usual care) to supporting medically underserved African American patients with uncontrolled diabetes in improving their self-care decisions. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of the MODEL program participation on the …