Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Prevalence Of Nail Changes In Patients Infected With Hiv - A Cross Sectional Study, Seethalakshmi Ganga Vellaisamy, Priya Jeyaraman, Kannan Gopalan

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology & Venereology Indonesia

Introduction: The spectrum of nail changes is wider and their frequency is higher among HIV patients. These changes magnify the range and multiplicity of AIDS manifestations. Their systematic examination is a non-invasive method of possible diagnostic value.

Objective: The present study was conducted to study the frequency and types of nail changes in HIV infected individuals and to correlate the severity of nail changes with CD4 count.

Material and Method: This was a cross sectional study, conducted in Skin & STD Out-Patient department in a tertiary care hospital between March 2018 and April 2019. A total of …

Dysphagia And Masticatory Performance As A Mediator Of The Xerostomia To Quality Of Life Relation In The Older Population., Ting-Yu Lu, Jen-Hao Chen, Je-Kang Du, Ying-Chun Lin, Pei-Shan Ho, Chien-Hung Lee, Chih-Yang Hu, Hsiao-Ling Huang

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Background: The impact of poor oral health on older adults' quality of life is a public health problem. In this study, the mediating effects of dental status, occlusal condition, dysphagia, and masticatory performance on the association between xerostomia and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) were assessed in the older adult population.Methods: Stratified cluster sampling was used to recruit 1076 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older from Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Community care centers were randomly selected according to their geographic classifications (urban, rural, or mountainous areas). Assessments of dental status and occlusal condition were performed by dentists. Information on demographics, …

An Update Of The Virion Proteome Of Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus, Ramina Nabiee, Basir Syed, Jesus Ramirez Castano, Rukhsana Lalani, Jennifer Totonchy

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The virion proteins of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) were initially characterized in 2005 in two separate studies that combined the detection of 24 viral proteins and a few cellular components via LC-MS/MS or MALDI-TOF. Despite considerable advances in the sensitivity and specificity of mass spectrometry instrumentation in recent years, leading to significantly higher yields in detections, the KSHV virion proteome has not been revisited. In this study, we have re-examined the protein composition of purified KSHV virions via ultra-high resolution Qq time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHR-QqTOF). Our results confirm the detection of all previously reported virion proteins, in addition to 17 …

Response To Comments On Aisha Sheikh Et Al (J Pak Med Assoc. 70: 1477, 2020) Changing Prevalence Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus During Pregnancy Over More Than A Decade, Aisha Sheikh, Lumaan Sheikh

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

No abstract provided.

Maternal Risk Factors And Short Term Outcome Of Prematurity: A Descriptive Study At A Secondary Care Hospital, Heeramani Lohana, Shakeel Ahmed, Nigar Jabeen, Farida Karim, Sarwat Urooj, Ayesha Ahmed

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Approximately 15 million babies are born premature (before 37 weeks of gestation) and 1 million babies die due to prematurity complications every year. Less is known about risk factors of prematurity in middle and low-income countries. The prevalence of prematurity ranges from 5% - 18%.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of premature births and to assess the rate of survival, along with the morbidity, among preterm newborns. Furthermore, to document our experience with different gestational age groups of preterm births; and to analyze the association among these strata and their clinical outcomes.
Study Design: A descriptive study.
Place …

Adversity In Childhood Is Linked To Mental And Physical Health Throughout Life, Charles A. Nelson, Richard David Scott, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Nadine Burke Harri, Andrea Danes, Muthanna Samara

Woman and Child Health

The prevalence of “toxic stress” and huge downstream consequences in disease, suffering, and financial costs make prevention and early intervention crucial, say Charles A Nelson and colleagues.

Age Based Evaluation Of Nut Aspiration Risk., Jill N D'Souza, Taher S Valika, Bharat Bhushan, Jonathan B Ida

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Objective: To identify an age at which initiation of whole nut into the pediatric diet could be considered safe, by evaluating the age distribution of children undergoing bronchoscopy with removal of nut or seed material from the airway. Method: A retrospective chart review over a ten-year period identifying children age 0–18 that have undergone bronchoscopy with retrieval of airway foreign bodies. A statistical analysis of demographic data was carried out to identify age distribution of aspiration events. Results: Sixty-four cases of foreign body aspiration were identified, of which 43 (67%) were of organic origin, specifically nuts. A Fisher's exact test …

Tobacco Smoke Carcinogens Induce Dna Repair Machinery Function Loss: Protection By Carbon Nanotubes, Anukriti Dhasmana, Anupam Dhasmana, Hobani Yahya H, Abdullah Farasani, Mahmoud Habibullah, Freah L. Alshammary, Saif Khan, Shafiul Haque, Mohtashim Lohani

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Purpose: DNA damage is a continuous process occurring within the cells caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, but it gets repaired regularly. If the DNA repair process is faulty, the incidences of damages/mutations can accumulate in cells resulting in cell transformation. It is hypothesized that the negative variations in DNA repair pathways in even at one point viz. genetic, translational or posttranslational stage may fairly be crucial for the beginning and development of carcinogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the potential of tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNs) related carcinogens to interact with the enzymes involved in DNA repair mechanisms in the current study. …

Oral Conditions In Hepatitis C Virus‐Infected Egyptian Patients: A Case‐Control Study, Asmaa Ras, Eman Khalil

Dentistry

Introduction: One of the serious public health problems nowadays is the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Hepatitis C virus infection morbidity is associated with a diversity of extrahepatic disorders counting the oral cavity. Some of the oral manifestations are oral diseases like lichen planus and xerostomia and side effects of the virus therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the oral health status, of patients with and without virus C in a sample of the Egyptian population.
Methods: Data were collected from the Gastroenterology department at Benha University. The study was designed as a case-control study; …

Fosl1 Is A Novel Mediator Of Endotoxin/Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pulmonary Angiogenic Signaling., Christopher R. Nitkin, Sheng Xia, Heather Menden, Wei Yu, Min Xiong, Daniel P. Heruth, Shui Qing Ye, Venkatesh Sampath

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Systemic sepsis is a known risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants, a disease characterized by dysregulated angiogenesis and impaired vascular and alveolar development. We have previoulsy reported that systemic endotoxin dysregulates pulmonary angiogenesis resulting in alveolar simplification mimicking BPD in neonatal mice, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We undertook an unbiased discovery approach to identify novel signaling pathways programming sepsis-induced deviant lung angiogenesis. Pulmonary endothelial cells (EC) were isolated for RNA-Seq from newborn C57BL/6 mice treated with intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic systemic sepsis. LPS significantly differentially-regulated 269 genes after 6 h, and 1,934 genes after …

Elective Tracheostomy In Critically Ill Children: A 10-Year Single-Center Experience From A Lower-Middle Income Country, Sidra Ishaque, Anwarul Haque, Saqib Hamid Qazi, Hamdan Mallick, Saad Nasir

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: Tracheostomy is a commonly performed procedure amongst critically ill patients, especially in cases of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV). This study aimed to describe the indications, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of elective pediatric tracheostomies in critically ill children at our center.
Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of children who underwent elective tracheostomies in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) was conducted from January 2009 to June 2018. Data were extracted based on demographics, indications of tracheostomy, and patient outcomes. Results were reported as mean with standard deviation and as frequencies with percentage.
Results: Of the 3,200 patients admitted …

Trichosporon Species And Fusarium Species As A Cause Of Empyema Thoracis In A Diabetic Patient, Nousheen Iqbal, Muhammad Ammar, Muhammad Irfan, Kauser Jabeen

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Of late, fungal infections are increasingly being recognized in diabetic patients. Here we present a case of polymicrobial fungal empyema due to Trichosporon species and Fusarium species developed after community-acquired pneumonia in a diabetic patient. Trichosporon species are basidiomycetous yeast and Fusarium species are soil saprophytes with a worldwide distribution. Fungal empyema cases are rare and are mostly caused by Aspergillus and Candida species. Polymicrobial fungal empyema with Trichosporon species and Fusarium species has not been reported previously. Our patient was successfully treated with antifungal therapy. This case highlights that fungal empyema should be considered in diabetic patients especially if …

Workshop #1: Vulnerable Populations & Planning Considerations For The 2020 Hurricane Season: After Action Report (Aar), Converge Nsf Working Group, Joshua G. Behr, Wie Yusuf, Jennifer Marshall, Elizabeth Dunn

Presentations, Lectures, Posters, Reports

This workshop shed light on the challenges and importance of adapting current hurricane season planning. Coexisting with COVID-19 will pose even more challenges for hurricane season responses. Suggested adaptations include identifying further shelter spaces to reduce the numbers of evacuees per building (for required social distancing), create isolation spaces to protect populations vulnerable to COVID-19, and quarantine those who are symptomatic. Some strategies being considered include modifying existing shelters (e.g. schools, by using classrooms) and using hotels, dormitories, and other large vacant spaces (e.g., stores and convention centers).

Along with identifying new shelter options comes modifying procedures for screening, triage, …

Expanding The Capacity Of Rural Cancer Care With Teleoncology, Jason Semprini

Online Journal of Rural Research & Policy

Background: In the United States, 6 of the 25 leading causes of death stem from site-specific cancers, resulting in over 1.7 million deaths annually. Yet, this burden is not evenly distributed. While the incidence of cancer is significantly higher in urban areas, rural regions face higher rates of cancer mortality. Identifying the factors contributing rural cancer disparities can facilitate more effective and feasible policy solutions.’

Problem Definition: Rural Americans are geographically isolated from high-quality cancer services and face systemic barriers to NCI designated comprehensive cancer centers. Given this disparity, rural Americans have failed to fully realize the benefits of expanded …

Seroprevalence, Biochemical Investigation And Risk Factor Assessment For Hbv & Hcv Infection In Hospital Based Patients Of Islamabad, Pakistan, Narmeen Adnan Rana, Bushra Munir, Nazeer Hussain, Nazia Imtiaz, Muhammad Asif Gondal Dr., Fahed Parvaiz Dr.

Journal of Bioresource Management

Viral hepatitis poses a serious threat to mankind. Hepatitis B and C Virus are blood borne pathogens that affect millions of individually globally. This study was conducted on a hospital-based population in Islamabad, Pakistan over a period of 4 months, utilizing ELISA as the diagnostic technique which suggested a higher seroprevalence rate for both HBV and HCV i.e. 2.07% and 8.24% respectively. A correlational analysis of the biochemical parameters of these individuals with HBV and HCV infection was carried out and the results indicated a positive correlation of HBV with Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), HCV with Total Bilirubin (TBil) and both …

Covid-19: Implications, Reactions And Future Directions, Rahim Dhanani, Mohammad Wasif, Hamdan Ahmed Pasha,, Muntazir Hussain, Shayan Khalid, Abdul Basit Shah Vardag, Khadija Mahmood, Raza Hussain

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

Humanity has faced several foes over the centuries, a formidable one amongst them is the current pandemic of COVID-19. The symptoms of COVID-19 are more or less related to the nose and throat. Therefore, patients more often present to Ear Nose Throat (ENT) clinics with symptoms including cough, sore throat, fever and shortness of breath. In the management of head and neck pathologies, as the airway is a direct source of infection, the impact of COVID-19 holds special significance. This review has attempted to explain the various aspects of the disease itself, its diagnosis, the use of personal protective equipment …

Associations Of Outdoor Fine Particulate Air Pollution And Cardiovascular Disease In 157 436 Individuals From 21 High-Income, Middle-Income, And Low-Income Countries (Pure): A Prospective Cohort Study, Perry Hystad, Andrew Larkin, Sumathy Rangarajan, Khalid F. Alhabib, Álvaro Avezum, Kevser Burcu Tumerdem Calik, Jephat Chifamba, Antonio Dans, Rafael Diaz, Romaina Iqbal

Community Health Sciences

Background: Most studies of long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2·5) and cardiovascular disease are from high-income countries with relatively low PM2·5 concentrations. It is unclear whether risks are similar in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and how outdoor PM2·5 contributes to the global burden of cardiovascular disease. In our analysis of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study, we aimed to investigate the association between long-term exposure to PM2·5 concentrations and cardiovascular disease in a large cohort of adults from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries.
Methods: In this multinational, prospective cohort study, we studied 157 436 …

Proteoglycan-4 Regulates Fibroblast To Myofibroblast Transition And Expression Of Fibrotic Genes In The Synovium, Marwa Qadri, Gregory D. Jay, Ling X. Zhang, Holly Richendrfer, Tannin A. Schmidt, Khaled A. Elsaid

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Synovial tissue fibrosis is common in advanced OA with features including the presence of stress fiber-positive myofibroblasts and deposition of cross-linked collagen type-I. Proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) is a mucinous glycoprotein secreted by synovial fibroblasts and is a major component of synovial fluid. PRG4 is a ligand of the CD44 receptor. Our objective was to examine the role of PRG4-CD44 interaction in regulating synovial tissue fibrosis in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: OA synoviocytes were treated with TGF-β ± PRG4 for 24h and α-SMA content was determined using immunofluorescence. Rhodamine-labeled rhPRG4 was incubated with OA synoviocytes ± anti-CD44 or …

The Neurology Of Covid-19 Revisited: A Proposal From The Environmental Neurology Specialty Group Of The World Federation Of Neurology To Implement International Neurological Registries, Gustavo C. Román, Peter S. Spencer, Jacques Reis, Alain Buguet, Mostafa El Alaoui Faris, Sarosh M. Katrak, Miguel Láinez, Marco Tulio Medina, Chandrashekhar Meshram, Mohammad Wasay

Section of Neurology

A comprehensive review of the neurological disorders reported during the current COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates that infection with SARS-CoV-2 affects the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the muscle. CNS manifestations include: headache and decreased responsiveness considered initial indicators of potential neurological involvement; anosmia, hyposmia, hypogeusia, and dysgeusia are frequent early symptoms of coronavirus infection. Respiratory failure, the lethal manifestation of COVID-19, responsible for 264,679 deaths worldwide, is probably neurogenic in origin and may result from the viral invasion of cranial nerve I, progressing into rhinencephalon and brainstem respiratory centers. Cerebrovascular disease, in particular large-vessel ischemic strokes, …

Applying Modern Immunology To The Plague Of Ancient Athens, Juhi C. Patel

Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee

During the 5^th century BCE, ancient Athens and Sparta were involved in a major war during which an epidemic disease broke out in Athens, claiming the lives of a substantial part of the population. Although the ancient Greek historian Thucydides provides a first-hand account of the symptoms of the plague, modern historians have not been able to definitively identify the pathogen that caused the deadly epidemic. In 1994, a burial tomb of Athens was unearthed that unveiled the likely remains of plague victims. In 2005, scientists conducted molecular testing on the dental remains and used suicide PCR to compare …

Potential Barriers Amongst Health Care Professionals Of Pakistan In Managing Covid-19 Patients, Muhammad Irfan Ul Haq, Faraz Shafiq, Haris Sheikh

Department of Anaesthesia

Objectives: To evaluate basic knowledge of Health Care Professionals (HCPs) of Pakistan in managing COVID 19 patients. It includes information regarding infection control measures, administrative and professional support. This was followed by evaluation of psychological factor that can act as a barrier in effective management of these patients.
Methods: The survey was conducted on line using Google Form. After approval from hospital ethical committee survey link was disseminated to HCPs using social media.
Results: Four hundred fifteen HCPs were participated. Most of them were younger than 30 years and majority of them were postgraduate trainees. Results showed gaps in the …

The Emerging Oral Pathogen, Filifactor Alocis, Disrupts Neutrophil Functions To Enhance Survival And Dysregulate Inflammation., Irina Miralda Molina

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Periodontitis is an irreversible, chronic inflammatory disease where pathogenic microbial communities accumulate in the gingival crevice. Advances in culture-independent techniques have facilitated the identification of new bacterial species in periodontal lesions, such as the Gram-positive anaerobe, Filifactor alocis. Neutrophils are a major component of the innate host response, and the outcome of their interaction with F. alocis may be a determinant of oral health status. While neutrophil functions typically protect the host against periodontal disease, oral pathogens have adapted to evade or disarm neutrophil microbicidal functions while promoting mechanisms that drive inflammation, which also provides a source of nutrients …

Evaluating The Effects Of Detergent Concentration On The Reendothelialization And Ultrastructure Of Porcine Internal Thoracic Artery Scaffolds, Jesse Bruce Kooistra

Graduate Theses

Cardiovascular disease exerts a consistent force of morbidity and mortality on the global population. This pressure has created a demand for reliable replacement vascular tissues. Current solutions include synthetic grafts and biological transplant options that are associated with a multitude of complications. Therefore, the continued innovation of vascular tissue replacement solutions is warranted. Decellularized vascular tissues have been previously utilized as scaffolds upon which recellularized tissue engineered vascular solutions are constructed. However the interplay between decellularization agent concentration and effective recellularization has not been well documented. Herein we investigate this relationship through a detail oriented research model that both qualifies …

Ape1 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Proliferation Through Gfrα1/Src/Erk Axis-Cascade Signaling In Response To Gdnf, Yoo-Duk Choi, Ji-Yeon Jung, Minwoo Baek, Sheema Khan, Peter I. Song, Sunhyo Ryu, Joo-Yeon Koo, Subhash C. Chauhan, Andrew Tsin, Chan Choi, Won Jae Kim, Mihwa Kim

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Pancreatic cancer is the worst exocrine gastrointestinal cancer leading to the highest mortality. Recent studies reported that aberrant expression of apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1) is involved in uncontrolled cell growth. However, the molecular mechanism of APE1 biological role remains unrevealed in pancreatic cancer progression. Here, we demonstrate that APE1 accelerates pancreatic cancer cell proliferation through glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)/glial factor receptor α1 (GFRα1)/Src/ERK axis-cascade signaling. The proliferation of endogenous APE1 expressed-MIA PaCa-2, a human pancreatic carcinoma cell line, was increased by treatment with GDNF, a ligand of GFRα1. Either of downregulated APE1 or GFRα1 expression using small interference …

Bacterial Load In Virtual Reality Headsets, Benjamin Creel

Honors Theses

Virtual reality technology is a rapidly growing field of computer science. Virtual reality utilizes headsets which cover the user’s eyes, nose, and forehead. In this study, I analyzed the potential for these headsets to become contaminated with bacteria. The nosepieces and foreheads of two HTC Vive VR headsets of the Department of Computer Science of the University of Mississippi were sampled over the course of a seven-week Immersive Media (CSCI 447) course. Serial dilutions were performed, and samples were plated on various culture media. Following incubation, counts of bacteria were determined. DNA was extracted from bacterial growth on plates from …

Giving Credence To The Experience Of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia In Adulthood: An Interprofessional Mixed-Methods Study, Melissa Hughes, Carolyn Macica, Catherine Meriano, Maya Doyle

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare X-linked dominant metabolic bone disease, often diagnosed in childhood but causing increasing physical debilitation and pain in adulthood. Physical comorbidities of XLH in adulthood include pervasive and early-onset degenerative arthritis, mineralizing enthesophytes and osteophytes, osteomalacia and pseudofracture, dental abscesses, and hearing loss.

Methods: This mixed-methods analysis included physical findings, diagnostic imaging, occupational and physical therapy assessments, and semi-structured interviews by social work to understand the functional outcomes and lived experience of XLH in adulthood, through connections between qualitative data obtained by social work and occupational therapy with the quantitative findings from other disciplines. …

Hpv Vaccination Knowledge, Attitudes, And Uptake In College Nursing Students, Joanna Marie Plumb, Jeannie Giese, Martha Buckner, David Phillippi, Robin Cobb

DNP Scholarly Projects

Background: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a preventable, sexually transmitted infection. The vaccines for HPV are safe and effective, but previous research demonstrated that nursing students have low knowledge levels and vaccine uptake. Low knowledge and attitude levels in nurses and nurse practitioners can influence parental and patient decision making for HPV vaccination. Purpose: The purpose of this scholarly project was to evaluate HPV knowledge and attitudes and their association with vaccination uptake in college nursing students. There is limited research in the United States on HPV knowledge, attitudes, and uptake of the vaccine among nursing students. Methods: This project …

Prevalence Of Oral Lesions And Salivary Changes Among Renal Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis In A Sample Of Egyptian Population Cross- Sectional Study, Asmaa Khalil Ras, Eman Khalil Abd Al Hady, Radwa Ragheb Hussein, Nevine H. Kheir El Din

Dentistry

Chronic kidney failure (CRF) is becoming a major public health problem worldwide particularly in developed countries with a higher prevalence of the renal disease. Hemodialysis is the most widely used treatment of nephropathy. Both the disease and the treatment could influence the patient’s oral status as well as alterations in salivary flow and salivary pH. There are guidelines for oral health care in patients with systemic diseases; additionally, a significant improvement in the underlying systemic diseases has been reported following treatment of the associated oral lesions

Materials and Methods: 114 patients of each gender with age vary from 30 to …

Optimizing Fecal Microbiota Transplantations For Therapeutic Use Beyond Clostridioides Difficile Infection, Laura J. Craven

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging and effective therapy for the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Members of the gut microbiome have been implicated in other diseases and FMT has been considered as a potential therapy. Two such conditions include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), both of which involve increased small intestinal permeability believed to contribute to the development and disease progression. One of the aims of this project was to determine if FMT could be safely used in patients with NAFLD and MS to improve health outcomes. Before starting the clinical studies, optimal …

Delivering Non-Communicable Disease Interventions To Women And Children In Conflict Settings: A Systematic Review, Shailja Shah, Mariella Munyuzangabo, Michelle F. Gaffey, Mahdis Kamali, Reena P. Jain, Daina Als, Sarah Meteke, Amruta Radhakrishnan, Fahad J. Siddiqui, Anushka Ataullahjan, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. In the context of conflict settings, population displacement, disrupted treatment, infrastructure damage and other factors impose serious NCD intervention delivery challenges, but relatively little attention has been paid to addressing these challenges. Here we synthesise the available indexed and grey literature reporting on the delivery of NCD interventions to conflict-affected women and children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Methods: A systematic search in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases for indexed articles published between 1 January 1990 and 31 March 2018 was conducted, and publications reporting on NCD …