Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Secondary Prevention For Acute Coronary Syndrome In Rural South Australia: Are Drugs Best? What About The Rest?, Tracey Wachtel, Angela Kucia, Jennene Greenhill

Angela Kucia

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current Australian clinical guidelines recommend all patients with ACS receive comprehensive secondary prevention services to address this burden. Optimal patient outcomes rely on the timely and effective implementation of proven therapies and for secondary prevention to be successful, pharmcological interventions must be combined with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor identification and management. The ability to implement clinical guidelines is also reliant on available resources, yet many rural populations in Australia do not have access to structured secondary prevention services, and the level of support available to them …

17beta-Estradiol Increases Basal But Not Bradykinin-Stimulated Release Of Active T-Pa In Young Postmenopausal Women, Mias Pretorius, Gary Van Guilder, Raul J Guzman, James M Luther, Nancy J Brown

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition potentiates basal and bradykinin-stimulated tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) release to a greater extent in women than in men. This study tested the hypothesis that 17beta-estradiol enhances the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on t-PA release in young postmenopausal women. We conducted a double-blind, prospective, crossover study in 14 young postmenopausal women (mean age 48.2+/-2.3 years) who were randomized to receive 17beta-estradiol (1 mg/d) or matching placebo for 4 weeks. At the end of each treatment period, we measured the effect of intraarterial infusion of bradykinin, methacholine, and nitroprusside on forearm blood flow and net t-PA release, before …

Renin Inhibition Reduces Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Atherosclerosis In Mice, Hong Lu, Debra L. Rateri, David L. Feldman, Richard Charnigo, Akiyoshi Fukamizu, Junji Ishida, Elizabeth Grace Oesterling, Lisa A. Cassis, Alan Daugherty

Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Faculty Publications

The role of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in atherosclerosis is complex because of the involvement of multiple peptides and receptors. Renin is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of all angiotensin peptides. To determine the effects of renin inhibition on atherosclerosis, we administered the novel renin inhibitor aliskiren over a broad dose range to fat-fed LDL receptor-deficient (Ldlr^-/-) mice. Renin inhibition resulted in striking reductions of atherosclerotic lesion size in both the aortic arch and the root. Subsequent studies demonstrated that cultured macrophages expressed all components of the RAS. To determine the role of macrophage-derived angiotensin in …

Bradykinin Type 2 Receptor Be1 Genotype Influences Bradykinin-Dependent Vasodilation During Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition, Gary Van Guilder, Mias Pretorius, James M Luther, J Brian Byrd, Kevin Hill, James V Gainer, Nancy J Brown

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

To test the hypothesis that the bradykinin receptor 2 (BDKRB2) BE1+9/-9 polymorphism affects vascular responses to bradykinin, we measured the effect of intra-arterial bradykinin on forearm blood flow and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) release in 89 normotensive, nonsmoking, white American subjects in whom degradation of bradykinin was blocked by enalaprilat. BE1 genotype frequencies were +9/+9:+9/-9:-9/-9=19:42:28. BE1 genotype was associated with systolic blood pressure (121.4+/-2.8, 113.8+/-1.8, and 110.6+/-1.8 mm Hg in +9/+9, +9/-9, and -9/-9 groups, respectively; P=0.007). In the absence of enalaprilat, bradykinin-stimulated forearm blood flow, forearm vascular resistance, and net t-PA release were similar among genotype groups. Enalaprilat increased …

Relation Between Nodule Size And 18F-Fdg-Pet Suv For Malignant And Benign Pulmonary Nodules., Majid Khalaf, Hani Abdel-Nabi, John Baker, Yiping Shao, Dominick Lamonica, Jayakumari Gona

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

The most common semiquantitative method of evaluation of pulmonary lesions using ¹⁸F-FDG PET is FDG standardized uptake value (SUV). An SUV cutoff of 2.5 or greater has been used to differentiate between benign and malignant nodules. The goal of our study was to investigate the correlation between the size of pulmonary nodules and the SUV for benign as well as for malignant nodules.

Methods

Retrospectively, 173 patients were selected from 420 referrals for evaluation of pulmonary lesions. All patients selected had a positive CT and PET scans and histopathology biopsy. A linear regression equation was fitted to a …

A Phylogenomic Profile Of Hemerythrins, The Nonheme Diiron Binding Respiratory Proteins, Xavier Bailly, Stefano Vanin, Christine Chabasse, Kenji Mizuguchi, Serge N. Vinogradov

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Hemerythrins, are the non-heme, diiron binding respiratory proteins of brachiopods, priapulids and sipunculans; they are also found in annelids and bacteria, where their functions have not been fully elucidated.

Results

A search for putative Hrs in the genomes of 43 archaea, 444 bacteria and 135 eukaryotes, revealed their presence in 3 archaea, 118 bacteria, several fungi, one apicomplexan, a heterolobosan, a cnidarian and several annelids. About a fourth of the Hr sequences were identified as N- or C-terminal domains of chimeric, chemotactic gene regulators. The function of the remaining single domain bacterial Hrs remains to be determined. In …

Continuous St/T Wave Monitoring During An Acute Coronary Syndrome Presentation In Patients With The Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon (Csfp), Natalie Cutri, Angela Kucia, John F. Beltrame

Angela Kucia

The coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is a coronary microvascular disorder that typically presents as an acute coronary syndrome and is characterised by delayed vessel opification on angiography in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. This study compared the frequency of the ST segment (STs) and T wave (TW) change during continuous ST/T wave monitoring in healthy controls and patients with the CSFP.

The Effects Of Positional Changes On T Wave Amplitude In Healthy Subjects, Natalie Cutri, John F. Beltrame, Angela M. Kucia

Angela Kucia

ST segment (STs) and T wave (Tw) changes are markers of myocardial ischaemia. However, STs changes have been reported with changes in body position. The effect of body position on Tw changes is unknown and the objective of this study.

The Effect Of A Nurse-Respiratory Therapist Weaning Protocol On The Duration Of Mechanical Ventilation And The Incidence Of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, Andrea Lucas

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this research study was to show the effectiveness of implementing a standardized nurse-respiratory driven weaning protocol in decreasing the time spent on mechanical ventilation and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients compared to using individual physician methods. Chart reviews were performed to compare the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prior to the initiation of the nurse-respiratory driven weaning protocol. Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation theory was used as a framework for this study to show that nurses could promote adaption by using a standardized ventilator weaning protocol. The study did not show statistical significance that …

Gender Bias Of Cardiovascular Risk In Caucasian Type Ii Diabetics: A Haemostatic Explanation?, William Quirke

Theses

People with type II diabetes are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease compared to those without diabetes. The relative risk of cardiovascular disease caused by type II diabetes is higher in females than in males. This risk has not been fully explained by traditional risk factors and attention has turned to the possible role of haemostatic abnormalities in explaining the excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among diabetic females. We examined specific parameters of the coagulation (factor VII, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen) and fibrinolytic (plasminogen activator inhibitor- 1, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor) system in 113 Irish Caucasian type II diabetics to …

Longitudinal Association Of Sleep-Disordered Breathing And Nondipping Of Nocturnal Blood Pressure In The Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study, Khin Mae Hla, Terry Young, Laurel Finn, Paul E. Peppard, Mariana Szklo-Coxe, Maryan Stubbs

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Study objectives: The association of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and blunting of normal nocturnal lowering of blood pressure (BP) (nondipping) has only been examined cross-sectionally. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether SDB is prospectively associated with nondipping.

Methods: The longitudinal association between SDB and incident nondipping was examined in a subsample of 328 adults enrolled in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study who completed 2 or more 24-hour ambulatory BP studies over an average of 7.2 years of follow-up. SDB identified by baseline in-laboratory polysomnography was defined by apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) categories. Systolic and diastolic nondipping was defined by …