Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Concepto Y Aplicación De La Teleoptometría, Johanna Sareth Acuña Gómez, Wilson Giovanni Jiménez Barbosa, Jenny Sofía Guerrero Rocha, Jenny Paola Durán Chaparro, Laura Lizeth Alfonso Elizalde, Luisa Gabriela Pastrán Pastrana, Yohana Mayerly Villamizar Rodríguez

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

Introducción la telemedicina es una alternativa de atención en salud que permite eliminar las barreras de acceso que impiden el desplazamiento y la valoración oportuna de los usuarios por los profesionales de la salud, a través del intercambio de datos mediante el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). Uno de sus campos de aplicación es la teleoptometría, rama de la salud visual que se encuentra incursionando en el campo de la telemedicina y que ha sido poco explorada en el ámbito mundial. Objetivo proponer el concepto de teleoptometría, definiendo sus alcances, usos y posibles limitaciones …

Relación Entre La Ambliopía Y El Proceso De Lectura, Luisa Fernanda Figueroa Olarte, Alejandro León A, Sandra Milena Medrano M, Marcela Camacho, Martha Luz Bermúdez

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

La ambliopía es la causa más común de pérdida visual en niños y adultos jóvenes esta condición limita la capacidad para realizar actividades de aprendizaje y desarrollo. La prescripción óptica de las ametropías y un oportuno diagnóstico la previenen y proporcionan las condiciones visuales requeridas para un adecuado desempeño escolar. Objetivo revisar la relación de la ambliopía refractiva y estrábica y las condiciones visomotoras y visoperceptuales en el proceso de lectura. Se presentan las condiciones y alteraciones visomotoras en la ambliopía y su relación con la lectura. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en bases de datos e información …

Concordancia De La Retinoscopia Estática Frente Al Estándar De Referencia En Un Grupo De Escolares, Luisa Fernanda Figueroa Olarte, Neida Esperanza Ronderos Escamilla

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

El protocolo de la Red Epidemiológica Iberoamericana en Salud Visual y Ocular (Reisvo) fue estandarizado mediante el desarrollo de un estudio piloto. Para medir la estandarización se determinó la repetibilidad y reproducibilidad de la prueba, así como el grado de acuerdo de esta respecto al estándar de referencia. Metodología: se evalúo un grupo de escolares de 5 a 15 años de edad, sanos, que cumplieran con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, bajo los lineamientos de la Resolución 8430 de 1993. Dos observadores realizaron tres mediciones de la retinoscopia estática y el experto realizó la retinoscopia bajo cicloplejia. Resultados: las …

Disfunciones No Estrábicas De La Visión Binocular Entre Los 5 Y Los 19 Años, Alejandro León Álvarez, Sandra Milena Medrano, Mónica Marlene Márquez, Sandra Milena Nuñez

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

Objetivo determinar la prevalencia de las disfunciones no estrábicas de la visión binocular (DNEVB) en sujetos que pertenecen a colegios públicos de Pereira. Materiales y métodos se incluyeron 508 sujetos entre 5 y 19 años a quienes se les aplicó una valoración optométrica completa, que incluyó la medición de la desviación ocular (prisma cover test), reservas fusionales positivas y negativas (3 y 0,40 m), punto próximo de convergencia con objeto real y luz más filtro rojo, estereopsis (Randot stereotest), AC/A calculado, respuesta acomodativa (retinoscopia de Nott), flexibilidad de acomodación (flipper ±2,00 D a 40 cm) y amplitud de …

Variación De La Asfericidad Corneal En Pacientes Miopes Sometidos A Cirugía Refractiva Lasik (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) O Lasek (Laser-Assisted Subepithelial Keratomileusis), Camila Andrea Sánchez Rivera, Myriam Teresa Mayorga

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

Objetivo analizar, por medio de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, la variación de la asfericidad corneal en pacientes miopes corregidos con cirugía LASIK (Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis) o LASEK (Laser-Assisted Subepithelial Keratomileusis). Métodología se realizó una búsqueda de estudios primarios en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Science Direct, a través del software Vantage Point se recolectaron 229 publicaciones, de las cuales se seleccionaron diecinueve que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. La calidad de los diecinueve artículos se evaluó mediante la plataforma FLC Web 2.0 para fichas de lectura crítica, con base en la declaración STROBE. La …

Tecnología De Información Y Comunicación En Salud General Y Visual, Íngrid Jiménez Barbosa

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

No abstract provided.

Investigation Of Enzymatically Synthesized Glycogen As A Novel Nanodendrimer For Therapeutic Delivery, Sarah Ann Engelberth

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The field of medicinal chemistry is ever expanding, designing and discovering new therapeutic strategies. Oftentimes, it is challenging for these therapeutics to undergo clinical translation due to ineffective administration or unwanted toxicity in vivo. As such, drug delivery vehicles are designed to overcome these hurdles, allowing for delivery to the site of action by improving biodistribution, protecting therapeutic cargo, and decreasing toxicity. The work presented here aims to investigate a naturally-derived carbohydrate nanodendrimer, enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG) for drug delivery. This nontoxic, highly-branched, glucose-based structure has interior void volumes to allow for cargo encapsulation as well as a large density …

Modeling The Spatiotemporal Dynamics Of Cells In The Lung, Joshua Jeremy Pothen

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Multiple research problems related to the lung involve a need to take into account the spatiotemporal dynamics of the underlying component cells. Two such problems involve better understanding the nature of the allergic inflammatory response to explore what might cause chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, and determining the rules underlying stem cells used to engraft decellularized lung scaffolds in the hopes of growing new lungs for transplantation. For both problems, we model the systems computationally using agent-based modeling, a tool that enables us to capture these spatiotemporal dynamics by modeling any biological system as a collection of agents (cells) …

Toward Magnetic Resonance Only Treatment Planning: Distortion Mitigation And Image-Guided Radiation Therapy Validation, Ryan Glen Price

Wayne State University Dissertations

While MR-only treatment planning has shown promise, there are still several well-known challenges that are currently limiting widespread clinical implementation.

Firstly, MR images are affected by both patient-induced and system-level geometric distortions that can significantly degrade treatment planning accuracy. . In addition, the availability of comprehensive distortion analysis software is currently limited. Also while many groups have been working toward a synthetic CT solution, further study is needed on the implementation of synCTs as the reference datasets for linac-based image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) to help determine their robustness in an MR-only workflow.

A 36×43×2 cm3 phantom with 255 known landmarks …

Modeling Early Stage Bone Regeneration With Biomimetic Electrospun Fibrinogen Nanofibers And Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Michael P. Francis, Yas M. Moghaddam-White, Patrick C. Sachs, Matthew J. Beckman, Stephen M. Chen, Gary L. Bowlin, Lynne W. Elmore, Shawn E. Holt

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

The key events of the earliest stages of bone regeneration have been described in vivo although not yet modeled in an in vitro environment, where mechanistic cell-matrix-growth factor interactions can be more effectively studied. Here, we explore an early-stage bone regeneration model where the ability of electrospun fibrinogen (Fg) nanofibers to regulate osteoblastogenesis between distinct mesenchymal stem cells populations is assessed. Electrospun scaffolds of Fg, polydioxanone (PDO), and a Fg:PDO blend were seeded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and grown for 7-21 days in osteogenic differentiation media or control growth media. Scaffolds were analyzed weekly for histologic and molecular …

Problemas Bioéticos Percibidos Por Los Estudiantes Que Desarrollan Su Práctica En La Clínica De Optometría De La Universidad De La Salle, Nancy Piedad Molina Montoya

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

Los estudiantes de optometría y los optómetras están enfrentando más y mayores problemas bioéticos sin embargo, se desconoce el tipo y la frecuencia de estos en su práctica clínica. Objetivos: explorar el tipo y la frecuencia de los problemas bioéticos apreciados por estudiantes que desarrollan su práctica y examinar la percepción sobre su capacidad para afrontarlos. Metodología: estudio descriptivo. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Problemas Bioéticos en Optometría a 55 estudiantes entre séptimo y noveno semestre. Resultados: los estudiantes reportan enfrentar problemas bioéticos durante la rotación clínica, como los comentarios descalificadores sobre el desempeño de estudiantes y profesionales, rehusarse a …

Anticancer, Biophysical And Computational Investigations Of Half-Sandwich Ruthenium(Ii) Thiosemicarbazone Complexes: The Effect Of Arene Versus Thiacrown Face-Cap, Floyd A. Beckford, Alyssa Stott, P. Canisius Mbarushimana, Marc-Andre Leblanc, Kinsey Hall, Samantha Smith, Jimmie L. Bullock, Dennis J. Houghton, Alvin A. Holder, Nikolay Gerasimchuk, Antonio Gonzalez-Sarrías

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

A series of half-sandwich ruthenium complexes, two containing an arene face-cap and the other a thiacrown ether face-cap were synthesized to investigate the necessity of the arene for anticancer activity in this class of compounds. The complexes are formulated as [(h⁶-p-cymene)Ru(dmabTSC)Cl]PF₆, [(h⁶-benzene)Ru(dmabTSC)Cl]PF₆ (arene complexes), and [([9]aneS₃(dmabTSC)Cl]PF₆ (dmabTSC = dimethylaminobenzaldehye thiosemicarbazone). It was observed that none of the complexes showed good anticancer activity in vitro against HCT-116 and Caco-2 (colon adenocarcinoma) cells. All three complexes can bind strongly to calf-thymus DNA with binding constants on the order of 10 …

Spatio-Temporal Progression Of Cortical Activity Related To Continuous Overt And Covert Speech Production In A Reading Task, Jonathan S. Brumberg, Dean J. Krusienski, Shreya Chakrabarti, Aysegul Gunduz, Peter Brunner, Anthony L. Ritaccio, Gerwin Schalk

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

How the human brain plans, executes, and monitors continuous and fluent speech has remained largely elusive. For example, previous research has defined the cortical locations most important for different aspects of speech function, but has not yet yielded a definition of the temporal progression of involvement of those locations as speech progresses either overtly or covertly. In this paper, we uncovered the spatio-temporal evolution of neuronal population-level activity related to continuous overt speech, and identified those locations that shared activity characteristics across overt and covert speech. Specifically, we asked subjects to repeat continuous sentences aloud or silently while we recorded …

Biventricular Finite Element Modeling And Quantification Of 3d Langragian Strains And Torsion Using Dense Mri, Zhanqiu Liu

Theses and Dissertations--Mechanical Engineering

Statistical data suggests that increased use of evidence-based medical therapies has largely contributed to the decrease in American death rate caused by heart disease. And my studies are about two applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a non-invasive approach in evidence-based health care research. In my first study, the achievement of a pulmonary valve replacement surgery was assessed on a patient with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). In order to evaluate the remodeling of right ventricle, two biventricular finite element models were built up for pre-surgical images and post-surgical images. In my second study, 3D Lagrangian strains and torsion in …

Effect Of Twisted Fiber Anisotropy In Cardiac Tissue On Ablation With Pulsed Electric Fields, Fei Xie, Christian W. Zemlin

Bioelectrics Publications

Background: Ablation of cardiac tissue with pulsed electric fields is a promising alternative to current thermal ablation methods, and it critically depends on the electric field distribution in the heart.

Methods: We developed a model that incorporates the twisted anisotropy of cardiac tissue and computed the electric field distribution in the tissue. We also performed experiments in rabbit ventricles to validate our model. We find that the model agrees well with the experimentally determined ablation volume if we assume that all tissue that is exposed to a field greater than 3 kV/cm is ablated. In our numerical analysis, we considered …

Inhibition Of Bacterial Growth And Prevention Of Bacterial Adhesion With Localized Nitric Oxide Delivery, Julia Osborne

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Bacterial infections continue to be a problem at the site of an indwelling medical device, and over the years, various bacterial strains have become more resistant to current antibiotic treatments. Bacterial infection at an indwelling medical device can be dangerous and affect the performance of the medical device which can ultimately lead to the failure of the device due to bacterial resistance to treatment.

Nitric Oxide (NO) has been shown to possess antibacterial properties to prevent and inhibit bacterial growth. NO releasing coatings on indwelling medical devices could provide a reduction in bacterial infections that occur at the device site …

Intracellular Ros Mediates Gas Plasma-Facilitated Cellular Transfection In 2d And 3d Cultures, Dehui Xu, Biqing Wang, Yujing Xu, Zeyu Chen, Qinjie Cui, Yanjie Yang, Hailan Chen, Michael G. Kong

Bioelectrics Publications

This study reports the potential of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) as a versatile tool for delivering oligonucleotides into mammalian cells. Compared to lipofection and electroporation methods, plasma transfection showed a better uptake efficiency and less cell death in the transfection of oligonucleotides. We demonstrated that the level of extracellular aqueous reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by gas plasma is correlated with the uptake efficiency and that this is achieved through an increase of intracellular ROS levels and the resulting increase in cell membrane permeability. This finding was supported by the use of ROS scavengers, which reduced CAP-based uptake efficiency. In …

The Protective Role Of Mlcp-Mediated Erm Dephosphorylation In Endotoxin-Induced Lung Injury In Vitro And In Vivo, Anita Kovacs-Kasa, Boris A. Gorshkov, Kyung-Mi Kim, Sanjiv Kumar, Stephen M. Black, David J. Fulton, Christiana Dimitropoulou, John D. Catravas, Alexander D. Verin

Bioelectrics Publications

The goal of this study was to investigate the role of MLC phosphatase (MLCP) in a LPS model of acute lung injury (ALI). We demonstrate that ectopic expression of a constitutively-active (C/A) MLCP regulatory subunit (MYPT1) attenuates the ability of LPS to increase endothelial (EC) permeability. Down-regulation of MYPT1 exacerbates LPS-induced expression of ICAM1 suggesting an anti-inflammatory role of MLCP. To determine whether MLCP contributes to LPS-induced ALI in vivo, we utilized a nanoparticle DNA delivery method to specifically target lung EC. Expression of a C/A MYPT1 reduced LPS-induced lung inflammation and vascular permeability. Further, increased expression of the …

Radio-Frequency Plasma Polymerized Biodegradable Carrier For In Vivo Release Of Cis-Platinum, Sudhir Bhatt, Fatemeh Valamanesh, Jerome Pulpytel, Rea Lo Dico, Aliby Baiyukha, Iman Al-Dybiat, Marc Pocard, Farzaneh Arefi-Khonsari, Massoud Mirshahi

Bioelectrics Publications

A low pressure plasma process based on plasma deposition has been used to develop a drug delivery strategy. In this study, a drug delivery system based on different layers of plasma co-polymerized Poly ε-caprolactone-Polyethylene glycol (PCL-PEG) co-polymers was deposited on biocompatible substrates. Cis-platinum (118 μgm/cm²) was used as an anti-cancer drug and incorporated for local delivery of the chemotherapeutic agent. The co-polymer layers and their interaction with cancer cells were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Our study showed that the plasma-PCL-PEG coated cellophane membranes, in which the drug, was included did not modify the flexibility and appearance of …

Activation Of Dna Pattern Recognition Receptors After Plasmid Electrotransfer In Melanoma Cells And Tumors, Loree Heller, Masa Bosnjak, Katarina Znidar, Maja Cemazar

Bioelectrics Publications

(First sentence) In vivo electroporation or electrotransfer, the application of controlled electric pulses, enhances delivery of plasmid DNA to a wide variety of healthy tissues as well as tumor types.

Detecting, Segmenting And Tracking Bio-Medical Objects, Mingzhong Li

Doctoral Dissertations

"Studying the behavior patterns of biomedical objects helps scientists understand the underlying mechanisms. With computer vision techniques, automated monitoring can be implemented for efficient and effective analysis in biomedical studies. Promising applications have been carried out in various research topics, including insect group monitoring, malignant cell detection and segmentation, human organ segmentation and nano-particle tracking.

In general, applications of computer vision techniques in monitoring biomedical objects include the following stages: detection, segmentation and tracking. Challenges in each stage will potentially lead to unsatisfactory results of automated monitoring. These challenges include different foreground-background contrast, fast motion blur, clutter, object overlap and …

Categorizing Fetal Heart Rate Variability With And Without Visual Aids, Amanda J. Ashdown, Mark W. Scerbo, Lee A. Belfore Ii, Stephen S. Davis, Alfred Z. Abuhamad

Psychology Faculty Publications

Objective This study examined the ability of clinicians to correctly categorize images of fetal heart rate (FHR) variability with and without the use of exemplars.

Study Design A sample of 33 labor and delivery clinicians inspected static FHR images and categorized them into one of four categories defined by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) based on the amount of variability within absent, minimal, moderate, or marked ranges. Participants took part in three conditions: two in which they used exemplars representing FHR variability near the center or near the boundaries of each range, and a third …

A Mechanistically Guided Approach To Treatment Of Multi-Wavelet Reentry: Experiments In A Computational Model Of Cardiac Propagation, Richard T. Carrick

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the United States today. However, treatment options remain limited despite the enormous magnitude of both AF prevalence and the associated economic cost. Of those treatment options that are available, ablation-based interventional methods have demonstrated the highest rates of long-term cure. Unfortunately, these methods have substantially lower efficacy in patients with heavier burdens of disease, thus leaving the most affected individuals with the least hope for successful treatment.

The focus of this research is to develop a mechanistically guided approach towards the treatment of multi-wavelet reentry (MWR), one of the primary …

Impact Of Acl Injury On Patellar Cartilage Thickness, Ethan Leveillee

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

ACL injury has been shown to have long-lasting and severe consequences on the different structures of the knee such as the articular cartilage and meniscus. Cartilage thickness changes in particular are indicative of osteoarthritic changes in the tibiofemoral joint. While there has been significant research focused on cartilage changes of the tibia and femur, there has been little work looking at patellar cartilage. The following goals were set forth for this study. First, to establish a robust coordinate system to accurately determine the location and orientation of the patella. Secondly, to determine the effects of ACL injury on patellar cartilage …

An Algorithm For Extracting The Ppg Baseline Drift In Real-Time, Tuan Ngoc Nguyen

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Photoplethysmography is an optical technique for measuring the perfusion of blood in skin and tissue arterial vessels. Due to its simplicity, accessibility and abundance of information on an individual’s cardiovascular system, it has been a pervasive topic of research within recent years. With these benefits however there are many challenges concerning the processing and conditioning of the signal in order to allow information to be extracted. One such challenge is removing the baseline drift of the signal, which is caused by respiratory rate, muscle tremor and physiological changes within the body as a response to various stimuli.

Over the years …