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Articles 1 - 27 of 27
Full-Text Articles in Plant Sciences
The Effects Of Grazing Management And Fertilization On Grassland Diversity And Productivity, Warren Mcg. King, David R. Kemp
The Effects Of Grazing Management And Fertilization On Grassland Diversity And Productivity, Warren Mcg. King, David R. Kemp
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The effects of management practices on plant species diversity and productivity within a naturalised grassland was studied as part of a large-scale experiment designed to investigate issues of sustainability in temperate Australia. Fertiliser increased the production but reduced the diversity of the sward. The main decline was in exotic weed species. Strategic grazing resulted in a small increase in pasture diversity but a reduction in productivity. There was a consistent decline in diversity as productivity increased, across all treatments.
Pasture Dynamics After Sodseeding Cool Season Species With Or Without Glyphosate In Subtropical Natural Grasslands, Luciana M. Rizo, E. L. Moojen, Fernando L. F. De Quadros, F. E. Schlick, F. L. Correa
Pasture Dynamics After Sodseeding Cool Season Species With Or Without Glyphosate In Subtropical Natural Grasslands, Luciana M. Rizo, E. L. Moojen, Fernando L. F. De Quadros, F. E. Schlick, F. L. Correa
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
This trial was conducted to evaluate vegetation dynamics of natural grasslands fertilized and sodseeded with the cool season species Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), white clover (Trifolium repens) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) with or without glyphosate. Treatments that included herbicide spraying on natural vegetation caused a substitution of perennial grasses by undesirable species, and did not show a significant contribution of introduced species. Andropogon lateralis, Paspalum notatum, Paspalum dilatatum and Paspalum plicatulum almost disappeared, and were replaced by Chaptalia nutans and Apium spp, among others.
Core Collection Approaches And Genetic Diversity In Flemingia Macrophylla, R. Schultze‐Kraft, M. Peters
Core Collection Approaches And Genetic Diversity In Flemingia Macrophylla, R. Schultze‐Kraft, M. Peters
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Core collections are a useful means to optimise the management, including conservation, of forage germplasm collections. Such optimisation is warranted in view of increasingly limited research resources. As there are several potential options to create core collections, a project is presented in which three approaches are compared: (i) based on germplasm origin information; (ii) genetic diversity assessment by agronomic characterisation/evaluation; and (iii) DNA markers. As example-species for the project, the tropical legume shrub Flemingia macrophylla is selected because of its particular multiple-use potential in smallholder production systems. An important diversity descriptor is the content of tannins influencing feed and litter …
Managing Grassy Woodlands: Balancing Production And Conservation Of Resources, John G. Mcivor, Neil D. Macleod, S. Mcintyre
Managing Grassy Woodlands: Balancing Production And Conservation Of Resources, John G. Mcivor, Neil D. Macleod, S. Mcintyre
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Eastern Australian eucalypt woodlands are important agricultural areas that have been widely modified during two centuries of European-style use. Despite this they contain important natural resources including significant biodiversity. Long term sustainability of production depends on maintaining resources and management must be for both production and conservation. A research program on four properties in south east Queensland showed the properties were in generally good condition although all had some problems, and has highlighted a number of significant costs and barriers to adopting a more balanced approach to production and conservation.
Biodiversity And Fire In Shortgrass Steppe, Paulette L. Ford
Biodiversity And Fire In Shortgrass Steppe, Paulette L. Ford
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Effects of fire at two levels of intensity on beetle diversity in shortgrass steppe were examined. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 3 treatments and 4 replicates per treatment. Treatments were two levels of fire 1) dormant-season fire (relatively hot), and 2) growing-season fire (relatively cool), and unburned plots. The response variables were arthropod species richness and abundance. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis predicts that maximum species richness occurs at intermediate levels of disturbance. Data obtained in this study support that prediction. Species richness was higher on plots of intermediate fire intensity than the more intensely burned plots, and almost …
Global Patterns Of Potential Future Plant Diversity Hidden In Soil Seed Banks, Xuejun Yang, Carol C. Baskin, Jerry M. Baskin, Robin J. Pakeman, Zhenying Huang, Ruiru Gao, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
Global Patterns Of Potential Future Plant Diversity Hidden In Soil Seed Banks, Xuejun Yang, Carol C. Baskin, Jerry M. Baskin, Robin J. Pakeman, Zhenying Huang, Ruiru Gao, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
Biology Faculty Publications
Soil seed banks represent a critical but hidden stock for potential future plant diversity on Earth. Here we compiled and analyzed a global dataset consisting of 15,698 records of species diversity and density for soil seed banks in natural plant communities worldwide to quantify their environmental determinants and global patterns. Random forest models showed that absolute latitude was an important predictor for diversity of soil seed banks. Further, climate and soil were the major determinants of seed bank diversity, while net primary productivity and soil characteristics were the main predictors of seed bank density. Moreover, global mapping revealed clear spatial …
Opposing Community Assembly Patterns For Dominant And Nondominant Plant Species In Herbaceous Ecosystems Globally, Carlos Alberto Arnillas, Elizabeth T. Borer, Eric W. Seabloom, Juan Alberti, Selene Baez, Jonathan D. Bakker, Elizabeth H. Boughton, Yvonne M. Buckley, Miguel Nuno Bugalho, Ian Donohue, John Dwyer, Jennifer Firn, Riley Gridzak, Nicole Hagenah, Yann Hautier, Aveliina Helm, Anke Jentsch, Johannes M. H. Knops, Kimberly J. Komatsu, Lauri Laanisto, Rebecca L. Mcculley
Opposing Community Assembly Patterns For Dominant And Nondominant Plant Species In Herbaceous Ecosystems Globally, Carlos Alberto Arnillas, Elizabeth T. Borer, Eric W. Seabloom, Juan Alberti, Selene Baez, Jonathan D. Bakker, Elizabeth H. Boughton, Yvonne M. Buckley, Miguel Nuno Bugalho, Ian Donohue, John Dwyer, Jennifer Firn, Riley Gridzak, Nicole Hagenah, Yann Hautier, Aveliina Helm, Anke Jentsch, Johannes M. H. Knops, Kimberly J. Komatsu, Lauri Laanisto, Rebecca L. Mcculley
Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications
Biotic and abiotic factors interact with dominant plants—the locally most frequent or with the largest coverage—and nondominant plants differently, partially because dominant plants modify the environment where nondominant plants grow. For instance, if dominant plants compete strongly, they will deplete most resources, forcing nondominant plants into a narrower niche space. Conversely, if dominant plants are constrained by the environment, they might not exhaust available resources but instead may ameliorate environmental stressors that usually limit nondominants. Hence, the nature of interactions among nondominant species could be modified by dominant species. Furthermore, these differences could translate into a disparity in the phylogenetic …
Tropical Forage Genetic Resources -- Will Any Be Left For Future Generations?, B. L. Maass, B. C. Pengelly
Tropical Forage Genetic Resources -- Will Any Be Left For Future Generations?, B. L. Maass, B. C. Pengelly
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
After very active years of pasture and forage research at major institutes, interest in tropical forage genetic resources has drastically declined. Apparently, the early phases of collecting and evaluation were much more valued than conserving and keeping the germplasm available for future generations. Accumulated data are not easily accessible and, therefore, the knowledge of tropical forage genetic resources is progressively being lost. This worldwide decrease in activity and loss of knowledge is due to declining resources. It is suggested that a global database on tropical forage genetic resources should be established and also that finances be made available to at …
A Systematic Review Of Ecological And Production Outcomes Under Rest-Grazing Systems, S. E. Mcdonald, R. Lawrence, R. Rader
A Systematic Review Of Ecological And Production Outcomes Under Rest-Grazing Systems, S. E. Mcdonald, R. Lawrence, R. Rader
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
With increasing pressure on grazing lands throughout the world, there is a growing need to balance sustainable management of livestock to meet food production and environmental impacts. Grazing management practices that incorporate periods of planned rest between grazing events (RG) may achieve both ecological and production goals simultaneously. We conducted a systematic review of global literature that compared ecological and production outcomes of RG systems with either continuously grazed (CG) or ungrazed (UG) areas. In addition, we evaluated the extent to which ecological and livestock production outcomes have been assessed simultaneously in these studies and identified future research needs. A …
Counteracting Green Alder Shrub Expansion By Low-Input Grazing, M. K. Schneider, T. Zehnder, J. Berard, C. Pauler, M. Staudinger, Michael Kreuzer, A. Lüscher
Counteracting Green Alder Shrub Expansion By Low-Input Grazing, M. K. Schneider, T. Zehnder, J. Berard, C. Pauler, M. Staudinger, Michael Kreuzer, A. Lüscher
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In the past decades, the decline of traditional agriculture has caused an abandonment of marginal pastures in many mountain areas of Europe. In the Swiss Alps, green alder (Alnus viridis) is the most abundant successional shrub. A survey of 24 pasture-shrub gradients showed that the encroachment by green alder, in contrast to other shrubs, is associated with a substantial decline in plant species richness. The understorey of alder is primarily populated by very few, broad-leaved herbaceous species benefitting from the atmospheric nitrogen fixed by actinomycetes in symbiosis with green alder. However, the understory vegetation also provides an underestimated …
Interspersed Denuded Zone (Idz): How Patchy Leaf Litter Dynamics In A Buckthorn-Invaded Urban Woodland Can Affect Microarthropod Species Richness, Angela Stenberg
Interspersed Denuded Zone (Idz): How Patchy Leaf Litter Dynamics In A Buckthorn-Invaded Urban Woodland Can Affect Microarthropod Species Richness, Angela Stenberg
DePaul Discoveries
Biodiversity loss may serve as a key diagnostic of the Anthropocene. An important driver of this loss is by means of invasive species. In this study of a forest preserve in Chicago, Illinois we examined Interspersed Denuded Zones (IDZs for short), which are areas of patchy leaf litter in invaded forests caused in this case by the rapid decomposition of litter from buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica). We characterized the leaf litter mass in IDZs and enumerated litter-inhabiting microarthropod populations. We found that plots of high buckthorn density are associated with IDZs: there was significantly less leaf litter mass in …
Pasture Management For Conservation Of Multipurpose Plants In Italian Mountains, Andrea Pardini, V. Pratesi, R. Tallarico
Pasture Management For Conservation Of Multipurpose Plants In Italian Mountains, Andrea Pardini, V. Pratesi, R. Tallarico
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Assessing The Contribution Of Mixed Farming Systems To Biodiversity Across Australia's Sheep‐Wheat Zone: The Grain & Graze Participatory Research Model, Kerry L. Bridle, Peter Mcquillan, Dave Green, Janet Smith, Margy Fitzgerald, Ted Lefroy
Assessing The Contribution Of Mixed Farming Systems To Biodiversity Across Australia's Sheep‐Wheat Zone: The Grain & Graze Participatory Research Model, Kerry L. Bridle, Peter Mcquillan, Dave Green, Janet Smith, Margy Fitzgerald, Ted Lefroy
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Nematode Biodiversity In Lincoln, Nebraska's Tallgrass Prairie Corridor, Abigail Borgmeier
Nematode Biodiversity In Lincoln, Nebraska's Tallgrass Prairie Corridor, Abigail Borgmeier
Department of Plant Pathology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The tallgrass prairie was once one of the most diverse grasslands on the planet, however over 95% has been converted to agriculture in the past 150 years. The remaining prairie is still host to a wide variety of plants, insects, mammals, and soil-dwelling microorganisms, creating an incredibly complex ecosystem. The first aim of this study is to compare three approaches for the measurement of nematode diversity within a 10-mile-long protected prairie habitat corridor near Lincoln, Nebraska. The methods are 1) a traditional morphological analysis of 150 nematodes per study site, 2) a metabarcoding analysis using the 18S genetic marker of …
Too Many People, Too Many Animals For Too Little Grass-‐A Canadian Perspective, G. Luciuk, M. Boyle, G. Brown, B. Kirychuk, B. Sonntag
Too Many People, Too Many Animals For Too Little Grass-‐A Canadian Perspective, G. Luciuk, M. Boyle, G. Brown, B. Kirychuk, B. Sonntag
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Biodiversity Of Plants And Animals In Grassland Systems: Approaches To Conservation And Restoration In England, S. Peel, S. P. Chaplin
Biodiversity Of Plants And Animals In Grassland Systems: Approaches To Conservation And Restoration In England, S. Peel, S. P. Chaplin
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Commercial Grazing Versus Peri‐Urbanisation: Comparisons Of Landscape Condition, Cam K. Mcdonald, Neil D. Macleod, John G. Mcivor, F. Kearney
Commercial Grazing Versus Peri‐Urbanisation: Comparisons Of Landscape Condition, Cam K. Mcdonald, Neil D. Macleod, John G. Mcivor, F. Kearney
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Inheriting And Advancing The Essence Of Nomadic Culture, And Searching For A New Course Of Harmonious Development On The Grassland, Zhongling Liu, Cunzhu Liang, Lixing Wang, Dunyuan Hao, Huaming Liu
Inheriting And Advancing The Essence Of Nomadic Culture, And Searching For A New Course Of Harmonious Development On The Grassland, Zhongling Liu, Cunzhu Liang, Lixing Wang, Dunyuan Hao, Huaming Liu
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Different Reactions Of Plants And Insect Taxa To Reduction Of Stocking Rate: A Concrete Reason To Promote Habitat Heterogeneity In Grazing Systems, Bertrand Dumont, Anne Farruggia, J.-P. Garel
Different Reactions Of Plants And Insect Taxa To Reduction Of Stocking Rate: A Concrete Reason To Promote Habitat Heterogeneity In Grazing Systems, Bertrand Dumont, Anne Farruggia, J.-P. Garel
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Biochemical Aspect Of Grazing Behavior On Mediterranean Rangelands, J. Rogosic, J. Kezic
Biochemical Aspect Of Grazing Behavior On Mediterranean Rangelands, J. Rogosic, J. Kezic
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Detection Of European Aspen (Populus Tremula L.) Based On An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Approach In Boreal Forests, Anton Kuzmin, Lauri Korhonen, Sonja Kivinen, Pekka Hurskainen, Pasi Korpelainen, Topi Tanhuanpää, Matti Maltamo, Petteri Vihervaara, Timo Kumpula
Detection Of European Aspen (Populus Tremula L.) Based On An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Approach In Boreal Forests, Anton Kuzmin, Lauri Korhonen, Sonja Kivinen, Pekka Hurskainen, Pasi Korpelainen, Topi Tanhuanpää, Matti Maltamo, Petteri Vihervaara, Timo Kumpula
Aspen Bibliography
European aspen (Populus tremula L.) is a keystone species for biodiversity of boreal forests. Large-diameter aspens maintain the diversity of hundreds of species, many of which are threatened in Fennoscandia. Due to a low economic value and relatively sparse and scattered occurrence of aspen in boreal forests, there is a lack of information of the spatial and temporal distribution of aspen, which hampers efficient planning and implementation of sustainable forest management practices and conservation efforts. Our objective was to assess identification of European aspen at the individual tree level in a southern boreal forest using high-resolution photogrammetric point cloud …
Evaluation Of Germplasm Of Leymus Chinensis In North Of China, Gongshe Liu, Z. P. Liu
Evaluation Of Germplasm Of Leymus Chinensis In North Of China, Gongshe Liu, Z. P. Liu
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Intellectual Property Rights In The Seed Industry: Barriers To Sustainable Agriculture, Elena A. Filatova
Intellectual Property Rights In The Seed Industry: Barriers To Sustainable Agriculture, Elena A. Filatova
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The dynamics of the dominant industrial agriculture system restrict the seed industry’s innovative landscape, leading to significant negative consequences including an exacerbation of environmental risks which threaten global food security. This thesis explores how exclusionary intellectual property rights (IPRs) in the context of the seed industry constrict innovation, evolutionary pathways, and opportunities for the implementation of sustainable agriculture methods. To overcome these barriers, the application of an open source framework to seed innovation, specifically through the platform of the Open Source Seed Initiative, is evaluated as a tool for enhancing innovative capacities in seed development while broadening the accessibility and …
Conifer Encroachment And Removal In A Northern California Oak Woodland: Influences On Ecosystem Physiology And Biodiversity, Gabriel S. Goff
Conifer Encroachment And Removal In A Northern California Oak Woodland: Influences On Ecosystem Physiology And Biodiversity, Gabriel S. Goff
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana) woodlands across their range are becoming increasingly threatened by encroaching Douglas-fir encroachment (Pseudotsuga menziesii) as a result of fire exclusion. Using water potential (Ψ), stomatal conductance (gs), xylem water stable isotopes (dD), and three metrics of biodiversity, this study investigates the effects of conifer encroachment and removal at the ecosystem-scale. The study was set in an Oregon white oak woodland in northern California and compared three levels of encroachment before and after conifer removal. Findings indicate that heavily encroached stands have the least amount of water stress and gas …
Toniniopsis Bartakii - A New Species Of Lichenised Fungus From James Ross Island(Antarctic Peninsula), Mehmet Gökhan Halici, Merve Kahraman, Sonja Kistenich, Einar Timdal
Toniniopsis Bartakii - A New Species Of Lichenised Fungus From James Ross Island(Antarctic Peninsula), Mehmet Gökhan Halici, Merve Kahraman, Sonja Kistenich, Einar Timdal
Turkish Journal of Botany
The new lichen species Toniniopsis bartakii is described from James Ross Island, the North-East Antarctic Peninsula region. It is phylogenetically most closely related to T. bagliettoana but differs mainly in forming a more developed, squamulose thallus. It is morphologically more similar to T. coelestina but differs mainly in the pigmentation in the proper exciple. An identification key to the known species of Toniniopsis is also provided
New Additions To Turkish Mycota From Ankara, Balıkesir, And Kütahya Provinces, Deni̇z Altuntaş, Fuat Bozok, Hatira Taşkin, Şanli Kabaktepe, Hakan Alli, Ilgaz Akata
New Additions To Turkish Mycota From Ankara, Balıkesir, And Kütahya Provinces, Deni̇z Altuntaş, Fuat Bozok, Hatira Taşkin, Şanli Kabaktepe, Hakan Alli, Ilgaz Akata
Turkish Journal of Botany
The current research was conducted on the fungal materials collected from Ankara, Balıkesir, and Kütahya provinces between 2015 and 2019. As a result of the field and laboratory studies, Conocybe dentatomarginata, Entoloma lampropus, Lactarius lilacinus, Otidea nannfeldtii and Sarcopeziza sicula are reported for the first time from Turkey based on macro- and micromorphological studies and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA-based molecular phylogeny. Descriptions of new records are provided together with photos showing their macro and micro-morphology.
Lepidopteran Granivory Reduces Seed Counts In A Rare Species Of Riparian Scour Prairies, Cheyenne Moore, Angela J. Mcdonnell, Scott Schuette, Christopher T. Martine
Lepidopteran Granivory Reduces Seed Counts In A Rare Species Of Riparian Scour Prairies, Cheyenne Moore, Angela J. Mcdonnell, Scott Schuette, Christopher T. Martine
Faculty Journal Articles
In Pennsylvania Baptisia australis var. australis is found along only four waterways: the Allegheny River, Youghiogheny River, Clarion River, and Red Bank Creek. Because of its limited distribution and small number of extant populations, the species is considered state-threatened in Pennsylvania. In addition, the riparian prairie habitat that Pennsylvania Baptisia australis var. australis is restricted to is also in decline and considered vulnerable. Because of these conservation concerns, insights into the natural history of the taxon in the state is valuable and will inform conservation efforts. Field surveys and fruit collections along the Allegheny River and herbarium collections were used …