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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Plant Sciences
Characterization Of Radiotolerance In Potato And Development Of A Gamma Radiation Phytosensor., Robert Graham Sears
Characterization Of Radiotolerance In Potato And Development Of A Gamma Radiation Phytosensor., Robert Graham Sears
Doctoral Dissertations
As humans pursue space travel and nuclear energy, the risk of harm from ionizing radiation increases. On Earth or in space, plants are essential to our personal and environmental health. Plants serve as sentinels, bioremediators and food sources in areas of high ionizing radiation, therefore it is essential to understand how ionizing radiation affects plant biology. This work aimed to understand plant responses to ionizing radiation in the potato chassis and apply that knowledge to generate novel phenotypes for nuclear energy and space applications. The first gamma radiation phytosensor was developed for monitoring at standoff distances greater than three meters. …
A Robust Agroinfiltration Method, Bryce N. Trull
A Robust Agroinfiltration Method, Bryce N. Trull
Masters Theses
Stable transformation of soybean (Glycine max) is a markedly slow and laborious process. Thus, a tool that enables rapid evaluation of genetic elements in planta is critical to advance complex research and genetic engineering in soybean. To that end, a substantially robust agroinfiltration method was innovated in this work. Agroinfiltration is a technique that leverages Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation to deliver genetic elements to the cells of whole plant tissues, usually leaves. Several factors were found to be relevant to successful soybean leaf agroinfiltration, including genotype, surfactant, developmental stage, and Agrobacterium culture medium. The research represents not only …
Drought-Stress-Inducible Synthetic Promoters In Rice (Oryza Sativa), Paolo Montano Tagaloguin
Drought-Stress-Inducible Synthetic Promoters In Rice (Oryza Sativa), Paolo Montano Tagaloguin
Masters Theses
Drought can potentially affect the global rice supply. Recent climate modeling studies projected a more frequent and intense drought scenario, especially in top producing and exporting countries worldwide. Several drought-tolerant genes had been identified in recent years, and transgenic approaches had been employed to develop drought-tolerant rice. However, the constitutive expression of some drought-tolerant genes resulted in undesirable phenotypes and metabolic burden. The use of an inducible synthetic promoter is advantageous in preventing the possible pleiotropic effects from constitutively expressing a drought-tolerant gene. In this study, rationally designed synthetic promoters based on poplar (Populus trichocarpa) cis-motifs were …
Improvements To Solanum Tuberosum Cv. ‘Desireé’ Cell Suspension Culture And Nicotiana Tabacum Cv. ‘Petit Havana’ Shoot Induction., Jessica Slade Layton
Improvements To Solanum Tuberosum Cv. ‘Desireé’ Cell Suspension Culture And Nicotiana Tabacum Cv. ‘Petit Havana’ Shoot Induction., Jessica Slade Layton
Masters Theses
Since the 1980s, progress in biotechnology has harnessed the incredible potential of plant biology. Plants have been engineered to be pest and herbicide resistant, enhance stress tolerance, and produce pharmaceutical proteins. Despite these feats of genetic engineering, plant tissue culture remains a limiting factor for future research. Unfortunately, the pressure to quickly innovate and produce novel products has pushed aside research to optimize tissue culture and exploring underlying molecular mechanisms for improved culture conditions. Efficient tissue culture methods are limited to a few plant taxa and are sometimes described in an oversimplified manner under the assumption they are facile to …
Needles In A Haystack Of Protein Diversity: Interrogation Of Complex Biological Samples Through Specialized Strategies In Bottom-Up Proteomics Uncover Peptides Of Interest For Diverse Applications, Manuel I. Villalobos Solis
Needles In A Haystack Of Protein Diversity: Interrogation Of Complex Biological Samples Through Specialized Strategies In Bottom-Up Proteomics Uncover Peptides Of Interest For Diverse Applications, Manuel I. Villalobos Solis
Doctoral Dissertations
Peptide identification is at the core of bottom-up proteomics measurements. However, even with state-of the-art mass spectrometric instrumentation, peptide level information is still lost or missing in these types of experiments. Reasons behind missing peptide identifications in bottom-up proteomics include variable peptide ionization efficiencies, ion suppression effects, as well as the occurrence of chimeric spectra that can lower the efficacy of database search strategies. Peptides derived from naturally abundant proteins in a biological system also have better chances of being identified in comparison to the ones produced from less abundant proteins, at least in regular discovery-based proteomics experiments. This dissertation …
The Use Of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum) Suspension Cells For Rapid Screening Of Chloroplast Transformation Vectors, Lindsey Shover
The Use Of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum) Suspension Cells For Rapid Screening Of Chloroplast Transformation Vectors, Lindsey Shover
EURēCA: Exhibition of Undergraduate Research and Creative Achievement
Chloroplast genetic engineering is unique in that it allows for high levels of gene expression while providing a means of natural bio-confinement. Although the chloroplast genome sequence of over 800 plant species is known, the elements that naturally regulate chloroplast gene expression are poorly understood. Recently, our lab has developed a 264 part modular cloning kit that contains known chloroplast regulatory elements. This kit can be used for the construction of novel chloroplast transformation cassettes; however, functional testing of these cassettes is currently hindered by standard chloroplast transformation technologies. Therefore, the aim of this experiment was to develop a rapid …
Evaluation Of Hall’S Panicgrass (Panicum Hallii Vasey) As A Model System For Genetic Modification Of Recalcitrance In Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum (L.)), Joshua Nathaniel Grant
Evaluation Of Hall’S Panicgrass (Panicum Hallii Vasey) As A Model System For Genetic Modification Of Recalcitrance In Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum (L.)), Joshua Nathaniel Grant
Masters Theses
While switchgrass (Panicum virgatum (L.)) has long been recognized as a viable bioenergy feedstock, it and other plants have cell walls with recalcitrance to processing. Recalcitrance is recognized as a major barrier to broad adoption of switchgrass and other feedstocks for cellulosic bioenergy. In an effort to reduce recalcitrance, transgenic plants have been generated with altered cell wall phenotypes such as reduced lignin. Unfortunately, stable transformation of switchgrass and other C4 grasses is time intensive, costly, and genetic analysis is further complicated by polyploid genomic structures. Unlike switchgrass, which can be tetraploid to octoploid, a closely related species, Hall’s …
Rapid Molecular Detection And Population Genetics Of Pityophthorus Juglandis, A Vector Of Thousand Cankers Disease In Juglans Spp., Emel Oren
Masters Theses
Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) is a disease complex involving the fungal pathogen Geosmithia morbida, an insect vector Pityophthorus juglandis, and the hosts, Juglans spp. and Pterocarya spp. Signs and symptoms of TCD include crown thinning due to branch dieback, yellowing and wilting of the leaves, appearance of epicormic shoots, numerous entrance/exit holes, gallery formation by P. juglandis, and the development of small, dark brown cankers underneath the bark. TCD originally described from western U.S., has now expanded to eastern U.S. and northwestern Italy. The disease complex is often difficult to diagnose due to the absence of symptoms …
Switchgrass Extractives Have Potential As A Value-Added Antimicrobial Against Plant Pathogens And Foodborne Pathogens, Alexander Ian Bruce
Switchgrass Extractives Have Potential As A Value-Added Antimicrobial Against Plant Pathogens And Foodborne Pathogens, Alexander Ian Bruce
Masters Theses
Panicum virgatum (switchgrass), a perennial grass native to North America, is a leading biomass feedstock candidate for the manufacture of cellulosic ethanol. Switchgrass is considered a viable option for biofuel production due to its cheap production cost and ability to grow on marginal land. Biofuel derived from switchgrass has been shown to be very energy efficient, producing 540% more renewable energy versus nonrenewable energy expended. Switchgrass-derived biofuel is also estimated to have greenhouse gas emissions that are 94% lower than emissions from gasoline (Schmer et al 2008). Biofuels are created through biochemical processes that utilize various enzymes and microorganisms for …
Modification Of Carbohydrate Active Enzymes In Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum L.) To Improve Saccharification And Biomass Yields For Biofuels, Jonathan Duran Willis
Modification Of Carbohydrate Active Enzymes In Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum L.) To Improve Saccharification And Biomass Yields For Biofuels, Jonathan Duran Willis
Doctoral Dissertations
The natural recalcitrance of plant cell walls is a major commercial hurdle for plant biomass to be converted into a viable energy source as alternative to fossil fuels. To circumvent this hurdle manipulation of carbohydrate enzymes active in the cellulose and hemicellulose portions of the plant cell wall can be utilized to improve feedstocks. Production of cellulolytic enzymes by plants have been evaluated for reducing the cost associated with lignocellulosic biofuels. Plants have successfully served as bioreactors producing bacterial and fungal glycosyl hydrolases, which have altered plant growth to improve saccharification. A bioprospecting opportunity lies with the utilization of insect …
Nanocomposite Adhesive Of English Ivy (Hedera Helix): Bioproduction, Nanoparticle Isolation, And Molecular Analysis, Jason Neil Burris
Nanocomposite Adhesive Of English Ivy (Hedera Helix): Bioproduction, Nanoparticle Isolation, And Molecular Analysis, Jason Neil Burris
Doctoral Dissertations
English ivy naturally produces organic nanoparticles from its adventitious root hairs, and possesses characteristics that may allow them to replace metal-based nanoparticles in common applications, such as sunscreen. At the onset of the research, it was hypothesized that a physical mechanism of attachment, similar to the gecko footpad, was used to generate the adhesive force for attachment; however, through the results obtained from recent work, it is clear that a biochemical mechanism is involved in the generation of the strength of adhesion. Therefore, the goal of this research was to provide a better understanding of the genetic basis of nanoparticle …
Toward Direct Biosynthesis Of Drop-In Ready Biofuels In Plants: Rapid Screening And Functional Genomic Characterization Of Plant-Derived Advanced Biofuels And Implications For Coproduction In Lignocellulosic Feedstocks, Blake Lee Joyce
Doctoral Dissertations
Advanced biofuels that are “drop-in” ready, completely fungible with petroleum fuels, and require minimal infrastructure to process a finished fuel could provide transportation fuels in rural or developing areas. Five oils extracted from Pittosporum resiniferum, Copaifera reticulata, and surrogate oils for Cymbopogon flexuosus, C. martinii, and Dictamnus albus in B20 blends were sent for ASTM International biodiesel testing and run in homogenous charge combustion ignition engines to determine combustion properties and emissions. All oils tested lowered cloud point. Oils derived from Copaifera reticulata also lowered indicated specific fuel consumption and had emissions similar to the ultra-low sulfur diesel control. Characterization …
Bioconfinement Of A Putatively Sterile Nicotiana Hybrid And Development Of Tools For Assessing Gene Flow, John Hollis Rice
Bioconfinement Of A Putatively Sterile Nicotiana Hybrid And Development Of Tools For Assessing Gene Flow, John Hollis Rice
Masters Theses
Production of transgenic crops in open field environments is an ongoing concern of due to the potential for gene flow. New transgenic crops, such as plant-made-pharmaceuticals may generate additional concerns about effects of adventitious transgenes. Use of a bioconfinement strategy may alleviate any consequences by preventing gene flow. The following chapters discuss previous and current research on gene flow, testing of a Nicotiana hybrid system for bioconfinement efficiency, and development of methods for transgene detection. The candidate ‘platform plant’ that was tested is a Nicotiana hybrid (Nicotiana tabacum ‘TN 90’ × Nicotiana glauca) previously identified to be sexually …
Consequences Of Gene Flow And Transgene Introgression In Hybrids Between Transgenic Brassica Napus And Its Weedy Wild Relative Brassica Rapa, Reginald Jason Millwood
Consequences Of Gene Flow And Transgene Introgression In Hybrids Between Transgenic Brassica Napus And Its Weedy Wild Relative Brassica Rapa, Reginald Jason Millwood
Masters Theses
The adventitious presence of transgenes and their potential impact on the environment has been a topic of concern for many years. To address these concerns the following chapters discuss past and current research of gene flow and introgression, methods for transgene detection and monitoring, and the results from field-level experiments using artificially introgressed advanced generation hybrids. The field studies were designed to be a worst-case scenario where hybrids were produced by hand-crossing transgenic Brassica napus (AACC, 2n = 38) and its weedy wild relative Brassica rapa (AA, 2n = 20). B. napus was transgenic for the green fluorescent protein [m-GFP-5 …
Sp704-A Potential Impacts On Wildlife Of Switchgrass Grown For Biofuels, Craig A. Harper, Patrick D. Keyser
Sp704-A Potential Impacts On Wildlife Of Switchgrass Grown For Biofuels, Craig A. Harper, Patrick D. Keyser
Biofuels
Version 3.0
Sp701-B Using Switchgrass For Forage, Gary Bates, Pat Keyser, Craig Harper, John Waller
Sp701-B Using Switchgrass For Forage, Gary Bates, Pat Keyser, Craig Harper, John Waller
Biofuels
Version 2.0
Sp701-B Using Switchgrass For Forage, Gary Bates, Pat Keyser, Craig Harper, John Waller
Sp701-B Using Switchgrass For Forage, Gary Bates, Pat Keyser, Craig Harper, John Waller
Forages
Version 2.0
Evaluation Of Genetic Diversity Of Flowering Dogwood (Cornus Florida L.) In The Eastern United States Using Microsatellites., Denita Hadziabdic
Evaluation Of Genetic Diversity Of Flowering Dogwood (Cornus Florida L.) In The Eastern United States Using Microsatellites., Denita Hadziabdic
Doctoral Dissertations
Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) populations have experienced severe declines caused by dogwood anthracnose in the past three decades. Mortality has ranged from 48 to 98%, raising the concern that genetic diversity of this native tree has been reduced significantly. Microsatellite data were used to evaluate the level and distribution of genetic variation throughout much of the native range of the tree. In the first conducted study, we found that genetic variation in areas affected by anthracnose was as high as or higher than areas without die-offs. We found evidence of four widespread, spatially contiguous genetic clusters. However, there was …