Effect Of Different Training Programs At Self-Selected Intensity On Body Composition, Perceptual Responses And Fitness Outcomes In Obese Women, Ragami Chaves Alves, Alysson Enes, Lucio Follador, Jonato Prestes, Sérgio Gregório Da Silva

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 373-385, 2022. Obesity induces several disorders, such as android obesity, insulin resistance, and coronary/peripheral artery disease, and obese individuals commonly have low adherence to training programs. Exercise at self-selected intensity is a feasible strategy to avoid dropouts of training routines. We aimed to assess the effects of different training programs at self-selected intensity on body composition, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), feelings of pleasure and displeasure (FPD) and fitness outcomes (maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and maximum dynamic strength (1RM)) in obese women. Forty obese women (n = 40; Body Mass Index: 33.2 ± …

Physiological Responses To Active Video Games Compared To Treadmill Walking And Tv Watching In Obese Children And Adolescents, Ramzi Majaj, Trent Scott, Ryan Moran, Dana Kimberly, Tamekia Jones, Webb Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(7): 519-532, 2021. The purpose of this study was to examine the physiological responses to playing different active video games (AVG), as well as document the activity level exerted during AVG in relation to treadmill walking (TM) and watching television (TV). 20 youth (age 11-17 yr) with obesity were recruited from the Healthy Lifestyle Clinic and underwent testing under six randomized conditions: 1) TM, 2) TV, 3) Fitnexx, 4) river rush (RRH), 5) reflex ridge (RFR), and 6) space pop (SP). RRH, RFR, and SP are active video games for the Xbox 360. Fitnexx is …

Outdoor Time Is Not Associated With Metabolically Healthy Overweight And Obesity Phenotype In Canadian Children Aged 6-14 Years, Brittany Rioux, Neeru Gupta, Danielle Bouchard, James Dunbar, Martin Senechal

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 383-394, 2020. A large proportion of children living with obesity have favorable cardiometabolic profiles despite their adiposity levels, who are referred to as metabolically healthy overweight or obese (MHO). However, the contribution of active outdoor time to the MHO phenotype is unknown. The purposeof this study was to investigate the association between outdoor time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with the MHO phenotype. A cross-sectional analysis of overweight/obese children aged 6-14 (n= 386) from the Canadian Health Measures Survey was performed. Outdoor time was self-reported using five questions in relation to …

Energy Cost Of Land And Shallow Water Walking In Females Who Are Overweight And Obese, Jacquelyn N. Zera, Elizabeth F. Nagle, Bethany B. Gibbs, John P. Abt, John M. Jakicic

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Nineteen overweight or obese females completed three 10-minute experimental trials including a self-selected pace shallow water walking trial, a matched heart rate response land walking trial, and a self-selected pace land walking trial. Energy expenditure (kcal·min^-1)was computed from expired gases assessed via indirect calorimetry. Results showed energy expenditure was lower (p= 0.046) during shallow water walking (6.46 ± 1.38 kcal·min^-1) compared to matched heart rate response land walking trial (7.26 ± 1.29 kcal·min^-1), with no significant difference in between shallow water and self-selected pace land walking (6.92 ± 1.61 kcal·min^-1). …

Effects Of Short-Term High Versus Continuous Moderate Intensity Training On Insulin Resistance In Overweight And Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Tshidi Thaane, Ayesha Motala, Andrew Mckune

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 1057-1069, 2019. In long-term exercise training studies ( > 6 weeks), improvements in insulin resistance (IR) are amplified by decreased body fat and/or increased cardio-respiratory fitness. This presents a challenge in studying the independent effects of exercise training. Our study purpose was to determine the effects of short-term continuous moderate intensity training (CMIT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on IR in overweight/obese adults. Participants were stratified into insulin sensitive (IS) and IR groups, and randomized into non-exercise control (CNT), CMIT and HIIT sub-groups that underwent baseline and post testing. Exercise sessions were 18-24 minutes …

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors And Physical Fitness In Volunteer Firefighters, Zachary T. Martin, Rebecca A. Schlaff, Jade K. Hemenway, Jillian R. Coulter, Jeremy L. Knous, John E. Lowry, Joshua J. Ode

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 764-776, 2019. Forty-seven percent of volunteer firefighter line of duty deaths are caused by cardiovascular events. Aggressive cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor reduction and improved physical fitness could reduce CVD mortality within this population. We assessed CVD risk factors and physical fitness in a large cohort of volunteer firefighters to help establish a health and fitness profile of this population, which may serve as evidence for the need to initiate programs aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality caused by CVD in the volunteer fire service. Seventy-four male volunteer firefighters were assessed for eight CVD …

The Body Mass Index Of San Francisco Cold Water Swimmers - Comparisons To U.S. National And Local Populations, And Pool Swimmers, Brendan T. Crow, Ellicott C. Matthay, Stephen P. Schatz, Mark D. Debeliso, Thomas J. Nuckton

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(8): 1250-1262, 2017. To determine if cold-water swimmers have substantial differences in BMI, which might have a protective effect against heat loss during swims in cold water without wetsuits, and to determine if obesity is more or less prevalent in cold-water swimmers, we compared the body mass index (BMI) values of 103 recreational open-water swimmers (mean age 54.3 ±10.8 years) to data from various population groups. Swimmers swam consistently throughout the winter months, in the San Francisco Bay (water temperature range: 9.6° C [49.3 ° F] to 12.6° C [54.7 ° F]), without wetsuits. After …

A Prospective Study Comparing Distance-Based Vs. Time-Based Exercise Prescriptions Of Walking And Running In Previously Sedentary Overweight Adults, Cody E. Morris, John C. Garner Iii, Scott G. Owens, Melinda W. Valliant, Hunter Debusk, Mark Loftin

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(5): 782-798, 2017. Prior work has reported that the declines observed in body mass index (BMI) and circumference measurements in their cross-sectional data were twice as large when calculated from distance energy expenditure estimations compared to energy expenditure estimations based on time and intensity. The primary purpose of this study was to compare walking/running for distance to walking/running for time as part of an exercise intervention. This study followed a between-subjects, repeated measures design. Fifteen overweight, but otherwise healthy participants completed the study. The time-based group walked/ran for self-reported time while the distance-based group walked/ran …

Validation Of Self-Reported Anthropometrics In Female College Freshmen, Ryan J. Leone, Amy Morgan, Mary-Jon Ludy

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(1): 47-55, 2016. Most investigations concerning the validity of self-reported anthropometrics focus on weight, height, and body mass index. This study extends those investigations by exploring the impact of self-reporting bias on the disease risk indicators of waist circumference and body fat percentage. Female college freshmen (n=128) self-reported weight and height, then underwent measurements for weight, height, waist circumference, and body fat percentage. Self-reporting bias was defined as self-reported minus directly-assessed anthropometric value. Despite no differences in self-reported versus directly-assessed weight or height for the total group, students with high waist circumference and excess fat …

An Analysis Of The Medical Costs Of Obesity For Fifth Graders In California And Texas, Danielle E. Levitt, Allen W. Jackson, James R. Morrow Jr.

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(1): 26-33, 2016. The prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States increased more than three-fold from 1976 – 1980 to 2007 – 2008. The Presidential Youth Fitness Program’s FitnessGram® is the current method recommended by the President’s Council on Fitness, Sports & Nutrition for assessing health-related fitness factors, including body composition. FitnessGram® data from California and Texas, the two most populous states, over a three-year time span indicate that more than one-third of fifth grade students, typically ten-year-olds, are obese. Previous studies report that an obese ten-year-old child who remains obese into adulthood will …

Workforce Fitness: Description, Contextual Issues, And Implications For Public Health, Nicolaas P. Pronk

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Workforce fitness matters for the prevention of premature death, chronic diseases, productivity loss, excess medical care costs, loss of income or family earnings, and other social and economic concerns. Yet fitness levels appear to be relatively low and declining. Over the past half century obesity has doubled, physical activity levels are below par, and cardiorespiratory fitness often does not meet minimally acceptable job standards. During this time, daily occupational energy expenditure has decreased by more than 100 calories. It is recommended for employers to consider best practices and design workplace wellness programs accordingly. Regulations that protect and promote worker health, …

Effects Of Obesity On Stability Control Among Young Adults In Responding To A Simulated Slip Induced In Gait, Jaeeun Kim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Falls among older adults present a significant medical, societal, and economic challenge affecting not only the frail or impaired, but the active and vigorous. Falls initiated by slip account for about 25% of all falls among older people. Obesity has been regarded as a significant health problem. It has been reported that obesity causes muscle weakness, abnormal body mass distribution, and postural instability. Dynamic gait stability has been identified as a key factor leading to falls during slip in gait among both young and old adults. Despite the fact that obese individuals suffer higher risk of falls compared to non-obese …

Correlational Analysis Of Bmi And Balance In Adults 50 And Over, Rachel D. Latimer, Casi Helbig

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Comparing Effectiveness Of Motivational Signage For Promoting Physical Activity Between Two Difference Story Buildings, Junyoung Hong

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Validation Of Omron™ Pedometers Using Mti Accelerometers For Use With Children, Bradley P. Peters, Kate A. Heelan Phd, Bryce M. Abbey

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(2) : 106-113, 2013. The MTI accelerometer is highly regarded as a reliable means to measure physical activity in children (Trost et. al., 1998); however, it is not always a practical instrument to use. Pedometers offer an alternative method of activity measurement and are often more practical. PURPOSE: To validate Omron™ pedometer (steps/day) against MTI accelerometer (counts /day and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) min/day) for children. METHODS: 190 children (88 males, 102 females, 8.7±2.1 yrs, 76.9±27.5 BMI %tile) wore an MTI accelerometer and Omron™ pedometer attached to the same belt for 3.9±2.2 days. …

Gender Difference In Obesity And Preventive Health Behaviors In A Us-Mexico Border Hispanic Cohort, Jing Wang, Belinda M. Reininger, Stanley Cron, Deidra Carroll, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Overweight and obesity is a prevalent chronic disorder in Mexican Americans, however, obesity-related behaviors and the role of gender remain unclear. This study examined gender difference in obesity-related health behaviors among Mexican Americans. Methods: A sample (n=1439) was drawn from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, a prospective cohort sample of Mexican American adults aged 18 years and older living in a large and poor city along the Texas / Mexico border. The participants’ baseline demographic, behavioral, and clinical measures were used for this analysis. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were conducted to analyze the data. Results: The sample had …

Neighborhood Walkability And Physical Activity: Results From The Health Is Power (Hip) Study, Nathan Parker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Health Is Power (NIH 1R01CA109403) was a longitudinal, multi-site intervention aimed to increase physical activity (PA) among community dwelling, healthy African American and Hispanic or Latina women. This study investigated the relationship between neighborhood walking environments and PA maintenance from T1 (baseline) through T2 (end of intervention) and to T3 (6-month follow-up post-intervention). Method: Women (N=410, M age=45.2 years, SD=9.4, 62.7% African American) completed interviewer-administered questionnaires assessing demographics at T1 and the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess physical activity at T1, T2 and T3. Walkability characteristics for all street segments within 800m of participants’ homes …

Altered Irinotecan Pharmacokinetics In Diet-Induced Obesity, Pranav Shah, Adarsh Gandhi, Romi Ghose

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Title: Altered Irinotecan Pharmacokinetics in Diet-Induced Obesity

Authors: Pranav Shah*, Adarsh Gandhi and Romi Ghose

Affiliation: University of Houston, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Houston, TX - 77030

Purpose: Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor that has been shown to be highly effective in treatment of colon, stomach, pancreas, and non-small cell lung cancers. It has recently been shown that CPT-11 administration is associated with liver toxicity and this effect is compounded by baseline obesity. It was found that patients with a BMI index of >25 were twice as much susceptible to developing liver toxicity than patients with …

Addressing Obesity Prevention And Control In The Workplace, Mary D. Hill

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Texas Obesity Research Center

Addressing Obesity Prevention and Control in the Workplace

Hill MD, Lankford T

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, Georgia

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Over one-third of adults in the United States (U.S.), over 72 million people, are obese. There are health and economic costs associated with obesity. In 2008, obesity-related medical costs were estimated to be as high as $147 billion. Method: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend policy and environmental change strategies that address obesity in multiple settings: healthcare, schools, child care, worksites, and community. In 2011, about 111.5 million U.S. adults were full-time …

Negative Body Image Is Related To Overeating Among Overweight Pregnant Women, Tracey Ledoux, Najmus Saher, Mcclain Sampson, Martina R. Gallagher, Pamela D. Berens

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: Overeating and pre-pregnancy obesity increase risks for complications during pregnancy. According to Social Cognitive Theory, individual and environmental factors influence health behaviors. Purpose: This study’s purpose was to determine whether social norms (environmental factor) and body image (individual factor) regarding pregnancy weight control were related to overeating behaviors among overweight/obese (OW/Ob) pregnant women.

Methods: Baseline data from an ongoing prospective study to identify predictors of excess gestational weight gain were used in this study. Pregnant women are being recruited from an obstetric clinic to complete a questionnaire, and research assistants are obtaining gestational weight gain data from …

Correlates Of Military Sexual Trauma, Mental Health, And Obesity Among Women Veterans, Deleene S. Menefee, Wendy S. Leopoulos, Sarah M. Torres, Rebecca Wagner

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Obesity is a growing concern for Veterans Affairs (VA) providers of women Veterans as recent evidence suggests that females more than males have a higher prevalence of obesity. Further, women Veterans present to VA with rates of military sexual trauma that exceed prevalence rates in the civilian population. Research findings support the tenet that disorder eating, and adverse health outcomes are consequences of sexual trauma. However, the mental health correlates of MST and obesity have not been well established. One recent study of returning combat Veterans found that obesity is a significant concern. This purpose of the current …

Leptin And Its Association With Obesity Among Mexican Adolescents, Jesus M. Araujo-Contreras, Elias H. Avila-Rodriguez, Armando Avila-Rodriguez, Efren Rivas-Avila, Nelda Mier, Abelardo Camacho-Luis, Nohe Vargas-Chavez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: To investigate the association between leptin concentrations and nutritional status among a Mexican adolescent population. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 448 adolescents attending five schools in Durango, Mexico. Serum leptin concentrations were measured by ELISA. Other measurements included height, weight, and waist and hip circumference. Body fat of participants was assessed with bio-electrical impedance using a body composition analyzer InBody-720. Sociodemographic information was also collected. Results: Based on IOTF BMI cut-off points, 34.1% of adolescents were overweight and obese and prevalence rates were higher among females (37.1%) than males (29.5%). In agreement with waist circumference, 22.5% of participants …

Angiotensin At2r Activation Increases Ace2/Ang1-7/Masr Axis And Prevents Fatty-Diet-Induced Obesity, Sourashish Nag, Quaisar Ali, Yonnie Wu, Tahir Hussain

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Adipose tissue, the obligatory site of fat accumulation causing obesity, expresses local renin angiotensin system (RAS). RAS is commonly known to regulate blood pressure. However recently, we observed that angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) activation prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-induced adiposity and hyperinsulinemia. Although, the mechanism(s) is(are) not known. There is evidence that other RAS components namely, the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) positively regulates while the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which catalyzes the production of Mas receptor (MasR) peptide agonist Ang (1-7), inversely regulates adiposity and hyperinsulinemia. In light of the RAS inter-regulatory features, we hypothesize that AT2R …

Lifestyle Factors And Ovarian Cancer Outcomes, Imani Butler, Raheem Paxton Phd, Maria Berglund Ms, Mike Hernandez Ms, Lovell A. Jones Bs, Ma, Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Few studies have reported on the lifestyle characteristics of ovarian cancer survivors. The objectives of this study were to characterize the associations between physical activity (PA) and body size (BS) with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and ovarian cancer recurrence in a sample of regional and distal stage ovarian cancer survivors.

Methods: Epithelial ovarian cancer survivors in their first clinical remission, with no evidence of recurrent disease were identified from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center tumor registry. A total of 51 survivors consented to participate in a battery of self-reported questionnaires. Trained staff collected data on …

Race & Gender Disparities In The Embedding And Accumulation Of Childhood Poverty On Young Adult Bmi, Daphne C. Hernandez, Emily Pressler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: A disproportionate number of race/ethnic minorities are both impoverished and overweight compared to white populations. Experiencing poverty during childhood is positively correlated with being obese in adulthood, especially for females. However, it is unclear whether it is the embedding of childhood poverty (i.e. timing of childhood poverty in relation to children’s stage of development) or the accumulation (i.e. duration) of the exposure to childhood poverty which contributes to the race and gender disparities in young adult body mass index (BMI). Method: Data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth and the Children and Young Adult file were used …

Evaluation Of Comadres De Salud-A Culturally Sensitive Obesity Prevention Intervention For Latinas, Martina R. Gallagher

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Title: EVALUATION OF COMADRES DE SALUD-A CULTURALLY SENSITIVE OBESITY PREVENTION INTERVENTION FOR LATINAS

Authors: Martina R. Gallagher, PhD, MSN1, RN, Tracey Ledoux, PhD, RD2,

McClain Sampson, PhD3

Affiliations: 1School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 2Texas Obesity Research Center, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3College of Social Work, University of Houston

Purpose: The aim was to conduct a formative assessment of a community-based obesity prevention intervention, “Comadres de Salud” (Kin Sisters in Health). Based on the Social Cognitive Theory, Comadres de Salud is a multicomponent intervention aimed at improving diet and physical …

Solving The Obesity Epidemic In African American And Hispanic Communities: Voices From The Community, Scherezade K. Mama, Erica G. Soltero, Tracey A. Ledoux, Rebecca E. Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Science & Community: Ending Obesity Improving Health (Science & Community) aimed at reducing obesity in Houston by developing partnerships and collaborating with community organizations to identify community research priorities and develop an obesity reduction program. Method: Partnership members were recruited from Science & Community events and invited to participate in in-depth interviews to gain insight on obesity prevalence, causes, and solutions. Partnership and community members (N=22) completed a 60-90 minute in-depth interview with a trained Science & Community team member. The interview guide consisted of 30 questions about pressing health problems in the community, potential solutions to …

Biomechanical Effects Of Obesity On Balance, Hannah Del Porto, Celia Pechak, Darla Smith, Rebecca Reed-Jones

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(4) : 301-320, 2012. The objective of this review was to analyze the current literature related to the effects of obesity on balance. These effects were observed during conditions of static balance, perturbed balance and dynamic balance during gait. The literature review included studies focused on the biomechanical effects of obesity, the relationship between weight loss and balance, and the relative efficacy of weight loss as a balance intervention. The older adult population, which faces increased risk of falls and related injuries, was highlighted where targeted research was available. The existing literature provides evidence for …

Development And Comparison Of Two Field-Based Body Fat Prediction Equations: Nhanes 1999-2004, Michael Zanovec, Jing Wang, Carol E. O'Neil

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 223-231, 2012. Clinical guidelines define obesity in terms of excess body weight adjusted for height (i.e., bodymass index [BMI] categories) and/or gender-specific waist circumference (WC) cut-point values. Since body composition, particularly fat mass, is the most variable among individuals due to differences by gender, age, and race, and total percent body fat (%BF) can be estimated accurately using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the purpose of this study was to develop and compare two field-based body fat prediction equations suitable for a nationally representative sample of the US adult population. Data were analyzed from …

Influence Of Fitness And Adiposity On Melanocortin-1 And Melanocortin-3 Receptors On Monocytes., Matthew Unthank, Jonathan Woodson, Jason Butler, Gregory Bratton, James Barbee, Michael Chumley, Dennis Cheek, Joel Mitchell, Melody Phillips

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: While it is known that exercise improves health by reducing systemic inflammation, potential mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of fitness and adiposity on the anti-inflammatory melanocortin system as a potential mechanism by which exercise reduces inflammation. Methods: Forty-one men and women (35-55yr), who were free from cardiovascular disease, inflammatory disorders, and not taking medications that affect inflammation, were recruited. Participants were questioned about exercise habits and medical history; then completed testing for body composition and aerobic fitness (VO₂max). Subjects were classified as lean/fit (LF, n=14), overweight/fit (OF, …